Extruding, Forming, Pressing, and Compacting Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders

Production Occupations
O*NET-SOC 代码
51-9041.00

Set up, operate, or tend machines, such as glass-forming machines, plodder machines, and tuber machines, to shape and form products such as glassware, food, rubber, soap, brick, tile, clay, wax, tobacco, or cosmetics.

  • 数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08

    低· 相对

    低四级相对区间很高

    职业群单位数值

    尺度 · 母数 · 来源

    四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）

    以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档

    来源数据集（XLSX 文件下载）

  • 数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03

    0.000

    0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745
    尺度 · 母数 · 来源

    观测暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1

    以O*NET任务映射为基准

    按 SOC 2018 职业发布的数值；具有相同 SOC 2018 代码的所有 O*NET 职业均显示此值

    来源数据集（CSV 文件下载）

  • 数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025

    0.14–0.18· ISCO-08 职业组 4 个

    尺度 · 母数 · 来源

    生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1

    按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应

    来源数据集（PDF 文件下载）

该来源发布的是什么性质的数值

BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。

各关联 ISCO-08 职业组的 ILO 数值
  • ISCO-08 7516Tobacco Preparers and Tobacco Products Makers0.14
  • ISCO-08 8141Rubber Products Machine Operators0.18
  • ISCO-08 8160Food and Related Products Machine Operators0.15
  • ISCO-08 8181Glass and Ceramics Plant Operators0.17

Task-level exposure

仅显示有暴露的工作

已评分任务 28 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 2 项（7.1%）

β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。

  • 原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
  • 已评分任务中有 2 项不在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中，其分数按 O*NET 27.2 的发布值保留。
来源
OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
版本
gh-main-0471612
许可
MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI

Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime.

Task (O*NET 27.2)βE1 + 0.5 × E2
Record and maintain production data, such as meter readings, and quantities, types, and dimensions of materials produced.

O*NET Task ID 12451

1.0
Complete work tickets, and place them with products.

O*NET Task ID 12458

1.0
Adjust machine components to regulate speeds, pressures, and temperatures, and amounts, dimensions, and flow of materials or ingredients.

O*NET Task ID 12444

0.0
Examine, measure, and weigh materials or products to verify conformance to standards, using measuring devices such as templates, micrometers, or scales.

O*NET Task ID 12445

0.0
Monitor machine operations and observe lights and gauges to detect malfunctions.

O*NET Task ID 12446

0.0
Press control buttons to activate machinery and equipment.

O*NET Task ID 12447

0.0
Turn controls to adjust machine functions, such as regulating air pressure, creating vacuums, and adjusting coolant flow.

O*NET Task ID 12448

0.0
Review work orders, specifications, or instructions to determine materials, ingredients, procedures, components, settings, and adjustments for extruding, forming, pressing, or compacting machines.

O*NET Task ID 12449

0.0
Select and install machine components, such as dies, molds, and cutters, according to specifications, using hand tools and measuring devices.

O*NET Task ID 12450

0.0
Notify supervisors when extruded filaments fail to meet standards.

O*NET Task ID 12452

0.0
Synchronize speeds of sections of machines when producing products involving several steps or processes.

O*NET Task ID 12453

0.0
Feed products into machines by hand or conveyor.

O*NET Task ID 12454

0.0
Clear jams, and remove defective or substandard materials or products.

O*NET Task ID 12455

0.0
Move materials, supplies, components, and finished products between storage and work areas, using work aids such as racks, hoists, and handtrucks.

O*NET Task ID 12456

0.0
Swab molds with solutions to prevent products from sticking.

O*NET Task ID 12457

0.0
Activate machines to shape or form products, such as candy bars, light bulbs, balloons, or insulation panels.

O*NET Task ID 12459

0.0
Remove molds, mold components, and feeder tubes from machinery after production is complete.

O*NET Task ID 12460

0.0
Remove materials or products from molds or from extruding, forming, pressing, or compacting machines, and stack or store them for additional processing.

O*NET Task ID 12461

0.0
Measure, mix, cut, shape, soften, and join materials and ingredients, such as powder, cornmeal, or rubber to prepare them for machine processing.

O*NET Task ID 12462

0.0
Send product samples to laboratories for analysis.

O*NET Task ID 12463

0.0
Thread extruded strips through water tanks and hold-down bars, or attach strands to wires and draw them through tubes.

O*NET Task ID 12464

0.0
Ignite burners to preheat products, or use torches to apply heat.

O*NET Task ID 12465

0.0
Clean dies, arbors, compression chambers, and molds, using swabs, sponges, or air hoses.

O*NET Task ID 12466

0.0
Disassemble equipment to repair it or to replace parts, such as nozzles, punches, and filters.

O*NET Task ID 12467

0.0
Pour, scoop, or dump specified ingredients, metal assemblies, or mixtures into sections of machine prior to starting machines.

O*NET Task ID 12468

0.0
Install, align, and adjust neck rings, press plungers, and feeder tubes.

O*NET Task ID 12469

0.0
Couple air and gas lines to machines to maintain plasticity of material and to regulate solidification of final products.

O*NET Task ID 12470

0.0
Measure arbors and dies to verify sizes specified on work tickets.

O*NET Task ID 12471

0.0

β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.

Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page

O*NET 31.0 全部任务（26 项）

本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。

任务（O*NET 31.0）类型
Adjust machine components to regulate speeds, pressures, and temperatures, and amounts, dimensions, and flow of materials or ingredients.核心
Examine, measure, and weigh materials or products to verify conformance to standards, using measuring devices such as templates, micrometers, or scales.核心
Monitor machine operations and observe lights and gauges to detect malfunctions.核心
Press control buttons to activate machinery and equipment.核心
Turn controls to adjust machine functions, such as regulating air pressure, creating vacuums, and adjusting coolant flow.核心
Review work orders, specifications, or instructions to determine materials, ingredients, procedures, components, settings, and adjustments for extruding, forming, pressing, or compacting machines.核心
Record and maintain production data, such as meter readings, and quantities, types, and dimensions of materials produced.核心
Notify supervisors when extruded filaments fail to meet standards.核心
Synchronize speeds of sections of machines when producing products involving several steps or processes.核心
Clear jams, and remove defective or substandard materials or products.核心
Move materials, supplies, components, and finished products between storage and work areas, using work aids such as racks, hoists, and handtrucks.核心
Clean dies, arbors, compression chambers, and molds, using swabs, sponges, or air hoses.核心
Select and install machine components, such as dies, molds, and cutters, according to specifications, using hand tools and measuring devices.补充
Feed products into machines by hand or conveyor.补充
Swab molds with solutions to prevent products from sticking.补充
Complete work tickets, and place them with products.补充
Activate machines to shape or form products, such as candy bars, light bulbs, balloons, or insulation panels.补充
Remove molds, mold components, and feeder tubes from machinery after production is complete.补充
Remove materials or products from molds or from extruding, forming, pressing, or compacting machines, and stack or store them for additional processing.补充
Measure, mix, cut, shape, soften, and join materials and ingredients, such as powder, cornmeal, or rubber to prepare them for machine processing.补充
Send product samples to laboratories for analysis.补充
Disassemble equipment to repair it or to replace parts, such as nozzles, punches, and filters.补充
Pour, scoop, or dump specified ingredients, metal assemblies, or mixtures into sections of machine prior to starting machines.补充
Install, align, and adjust neck rings, press plungers, and feeder tubes.补充
Couple air and gas lines to machines to maintain plasticity of material and to regulate solidification of final products.补充
Measure arbors and dies to verify sizes specified on work tickets.补充

职业信息

就业展望（BLS）

就业人数，2025
58K
预计就业人数，2035
59K
变化 (2025–35)
+1.5%
年薪中位数，2025
$45,760
入职通常所需学历
High school diploma or equivalent
最低 $30,890BLS EP 2025–35 中 825 个细分职业的工资中位数范围最高 $559,030

来源: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections 2025–35 — Employment by detailed occupation, 2025 and projected 2035

韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）

来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。

KSCO 代码KSCO 名称关系状态
81123국수 및 면류 제품 기계 조작원本职业范围更宽已确认
83222고무제품 생산기 조작원本职业范围更宽已确认
84311유리 제조 및 제품 가공기 조작원本职业范围更宽已确认
84322벽돌 및 타일 생산기 조작원本职业范围更宽已确认
83211약제품 생산기 조작원有重叠，但不相同已确认
83212화장품 생산기 조작원有重叠，但不相同已确认
83229그 외 타이어 및 고무제품 생산기 조작원有重叠，但不相同已确认

关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)

国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明

以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。

  • ISCO-08 7516Tobacco Preparers and Tobacco Products Makers

    烟草加工工和烟草制品制作工

  • ISCO-08 8141Rubber Products Machine Operators

    橡胶制品机器操作工

  • ISCO-08 8160Food and Related Products Machine Operators

    食品及有关产品机器操作工

  • ISCO-08 8181Glass and Ceramics Plant Operators

    玻璃和陶瓷生产装置操作工

自行翻译

自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。

Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits

ESCO 职业词汇

以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。

  • auger press operatorESCO 8181.1本职业范围更宽

    Auger press operators control and adjust an auger-press in order to perform clay forming, extrusion and cutting operations on products according to specifications.

  • cake press operatorESCO 8142.2本职业范围更宽

    Cake press operators set up and tend the hydraulic presses that compress and bake plastic chips into cake moulds to produce plastic sheets. They regulate and adjust the pressure and temperature.

  • candy machine operatorESCO 8160.11本职业范围更宽

    Candy machine operators tend machines that mix candy ingredients. They tend machines that weigh, measure, and mix ingredients. They form soft candies by spreading candy onto cooling and warming slabs cutting them manually or mechanically. They cast candies in moulds or by machine that extrudes candy.

  • chocolate moulding operatorESCO 8160.16本职业范围更宽

    Chocolate moulding operators tend machines and equipment that pour tempered chocolate into moulds to form bars, blocks, and other shapes of chococlate. They monitor machines to ensure that moulds do not jam.

  • extrusion machine operatorESCO 8121.2本职业范围更宽

    Extrusion machine operators set up, monitor and maintain machines which heat or melt raw materials, and pull or push the heated material through a shaped die to form it into a continuous profile with a preset cross section such as tubes, pipes and sheeting. They may also clean and maintain the equipment.

  • fibre machine tenderESCO 8181.6本职业范围更宽

    Fibre machine tenders operate and maintain extrusion machines that form sliver from filaments. They work with synthetic materials such as fiberglass or liquid polymer or non-synthetic materials such as rayon.

  • glass forming machine operatorESCO 8181.8本职业范围更宽

    Glass forming machine operators operate and maintain machines that press or blow molten glass in moulds to form or shape products, such as neons, bottles, jars and drinking glasses. They set up and adjust machines, and weigh, measure and check production samples to check conformity to the set specifications.

  • oilseed presserESCO 7514.3本职业范围更宽

    Oilseed pressers operate hydraulic presses that extracts oil from oilseed.

  • plodder operatorESCO 8131.18本职业范围更宽

    Plodder operators control the milled soap compression machine that produces specific shapes and sizes of soap bars, ensuring the products conform to specifications and quality requirements.

  • record press operatorESCO 8142.13本职业范围更宽

    Record press operators tend a machine that presses vinyl with a negative impression of a master disc. As pressure is applied, the vinyl is forced into the grooves of the master disc and a playable record is obtained.

  • V-belt builderESCO 8141.1.9本职业范围更宽

    V-belt builders form V-belts out of calendered rubber rolls. They measure the amount of rubber needed and cut it with scissors. V-belt builders brush rubber cement on sides of the belt. They put belts on the drum to compress materials together and cut the belt to specified width with a knife.

来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)

许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)

查看原文

ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.

法国职业分类关联（ROME）

本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。

ROME 代码ROME 名称（法语）关系
H2801Agent / Agente de fabrication du verre本职业范围更宽
H2802Opérateur / Opératrice de fabrication en matériaux de construction相关，但不对应
H2808Conducteur / Conductrice de presses en production transformation du verre相关，但不对应
H3201Plasturgiste相关，但不对应
H3204Opérateur / Opératrice de production des matières plastiques et du caoutchouc相关，但不对应

Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.

ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)

西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）

本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

CNO-11 代码CNO-11 名称（西班牙语）关系
8142Operadores de máquinas para fabricar productos de material plástico有重叠，但不相同暂定
8132Operadores de máquinas para fabricar productos farmacéuticos, cosméticos y afines相关，但不对应
8141Operadores de máquinas para fabricar productos de caucho y derivados de resinas naturales相关，但不对应
8191Operadores de hornos e instalaciones de vidriería y cerámica相关，但不对应

Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)

德国职业分类关联（KldB）

本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

KldB 代码KldB 名称（德语）关系
22102Berufe in der Kunststoff- und Kautschukherstellung (ohne Spezialisierung) - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten有重叠，但不相同
21312Berufe in der Glasherstellung - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten相关，但不对应
21412Berufe in der Industriekeramik (Verfahrens- und Anlagentechnik) - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten相关，但不对应

Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)

日本职业分类关联（JSCO）

本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

JSCO 代码JSCO 名称（日语）关系
531化学製品製造従事者相关，但不对应
532窯業・土石製品製造従事者相关，但不对应
533食料品製造従事者相关，但不对应
538ゴム・プラスチック製品製造従事者相关，但不对应
502窯業・土石製品生産設備制御・監視員相关，但不对应暂定

Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)

本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源