Furnace, Kiln, Oven, Drier, and Kettle Operators and Tenders
Production Occupations- O*NET-SOC 代码
- 51-9051.00
Operate or tend heating equipment other than basic metal, plastic, or food processing equipment. Includes activities such as annealing glass, drying lumber, curing rubber, removing moisture from materials, or boiling soap.
- 数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08
中等· 相对
低四级相对区间很高职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）
以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档
- 数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03
0.000
0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745尺度 · 母数 · 来源
- 数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025
0.17–0.22· ISCO-08 职业组 3 个
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1
按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应
该来源发布的是什么性质的数值
BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。
各关联 ISCO-08 职业组的 ILO 数值
- ISCO-08 7521Wood Treaters0.22
- ISCO-08 8141Rubber Products Machine Operators0.18
- ISCO-08 8181Glass and Ceramics Plant Operators0.17
Task-level exposure
已评分任务 18 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 2 项（11.1%）
β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。
- 原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
- 已评分任务中有 1 项不在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中，其分数按 O*NET 27.2 的发布值保留。
- 来源
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- 版本
- gh-main-0471612
- 许可
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
| Task (O*NET 30.2) | APIRaw / share % |
|---|---|
Read and interpret work orders and instructions to determine work assignments, process specifications, and production schedules.51-9051.00 | 0.00000.0 |
| Not observed on any surface — 16 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states. | |
Press and adjust controls to activate, set, and regulate equipment according to specifications. | —0 |
Monitor equipment operation, gauges, and panel lights to detect deviations from standards. | —0 |
Record gauge readings, test results, and shift production in log books. | —0 |
Confer with supervisors or other equipment operators to report equipment malfunctions or to resolve production problems. | —0 |
Examine or test samples of processed substances, or collect samples for laboratory testing, to ensure conformance to specifications. | —0 |
Transport materials and products to and from work areas, manually or using carts, handtrucks, or hoists. | —0 |
Weigh or measure specified amounts of ingredients or materials for processing, using devices such as scales and calipers. | —0 |
Clean, lubricate, and adjust equipment, using scrapers, solvents, air hoses, oil, and hand tools. | —0 |
Stop equipment and clear blockages or jams, using fingers, wire, or hand tools. | —0 |
Remove products from equipment, manually or using hoists, and prepare them for storage, shipment, or additional processing. | —0 |
Calculate amounts of materials to be loaded into furnaces, adjusting amounts as necessary for specific conditions. | —0 |
Feed fuel, such as coal and coke, into fireboxes or onto conveyors, and remove ashes from furnaces, using shovels and buckets. | —0 |
Melt or refine metal before casting, calculating required temperatures, and observe metal color, adjusting controls as necessary to maintain required temperatures. | —0 |
Replace worn or defective equipment parts, using hand tools. | —0 |
Load equipment receptacles or conveyors with material to be processed, by hand or using hoists. | —0 |
Direct crane operators and crew members to load vessels with materials to be processed. | —0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Read and interpret work orders and instructions to determine work assignments, process specifications, and production schedules.O*NET Task ID 4964 | 1.0 |
Record gauge readings, test results, and shift production in log books.O*NET Task ID 4965 | 1.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
O*NET 31.0 全部任务（17 项）
本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。
| 任务（O*NET 31.0） | 类型 |
|---|---|
| Press and adjust controls to activate, set, and regulate equipment according to specifications. | 核心 |
| Monitor equipment operation, gauges, and panel lights to detect deviations from standards. | 核心 |
| Read and interpret work orders and instructions to determine work assignments, process specifications, and production schedules. | 核心 |
| Record gauge readings, test results, and shift production in log books. | 核心 |
| Confer with supervisors or other equipment operators to report equipment malfunctions or to resolve production problems. | 核心 |
| Examine or test samples of processed substances, or collect samples for laboratory testing, to ensure conformance to specifications. | 核心 |
| Transport materials and products to and from work areas, manually or using carts, handtrucks, or hoists. | 核心 |
| Weigh or measure specified amounts of ingredients or materials for processing, using devices such as scales and calipers. | 补充 |
| Clean, lubricate, and adjust equipment, using scrapers, solvents, air hoses, oil, and hand tools. | 补充 |
| Stop equipment and clear blockages or jams, using fingers, wire, or hand tools. | 补充 |
| Remove products from equipment, manually or using hoists, and prepare them for storage, shipment, or additional processing. | 补充 |
| Calculate amounts of materials to be loaded into furnaces, adjusting amounts as necessary for specific conditions. | 补充 |
| Feed fuel, such as coal and coke, into fireboxes or onto conveyors, and remove ashes from furnaces, using shovels and buckets. | 补充 |
| Melt or refine metal before casting, calculating required temperatures, and observe metal color, adjusting controls as necessary to maintain required temperatures. | 补充 |
| Replace worn or defective equipment parts, using hand tools. | 补充 |
| Load equipment receptacles or conveyors with material to be processed, by hand or using hoists. | 补充 |
| Direct crane operators and crew members to load vessels with materials to be processed. | 补充 |
0.71/ 3· 机器人暴露指数
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
对每项体力任务，按已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人能够完成它的环境评定 0–3 级（0 不可 · 1 围栏式机器单元、灌装线等机器人专用设施 · 2 医院药房、集装箱港口等受管理的设施 · 3 私人住宅、建筑工地等非结构化环境），再按工作时间占比求平均
以该职业 O*NET 29.3 任务中的体力任务为准
等级与时间占比由 Anthropic 使用 Claude Opus 5（网络搜索）估算（截至 2026 年）。
机器人暴露指数与本站的 AI 暴露度是不同的指标，不能相加或相互比较。该指数不代表实际采用情况或成本竞争力，0 也包括没有体力任务的职业。
每项体力任务的等级
机器人环境等级（E0–E3）
E0 机器人不可详情
评定为已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人即使在机器人专用设施中也无法完成
E1 机器人专用设施详情
评定为可在围绕机器搭建的设施中完成，例如围栏式机器单元或灌装线
E2 受管理的设施详情
评定为可在由机构按工作标准维护的人类工作设施中完成，例如医院药房或集装箱港口
E3 非结构化环境详情
评定为可在没有机构按工作标准维护的环境中完成，例如私人住宅或建筑工地
仅列出被归类为体力任务的任务；其他任务在来源中没有等级。
| 任务（O*NET 29.3） | 机器人环境等级 |
|---|---|
| Press and adjust controls to activate, set, and regulate equipment according to specifications. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Examine or test samples of processed substances, or collect samples for laboratory testing, to ensure conformance to specifications. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Transport materials and products to and from work areas, manually or using carts, handtrucks, or hoists. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Weigh or measure specified amounts of ingredients or materials for processing, using devices such as scales and calipers. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Clean, lubricate, and adjust equipment, using scrapers, solvents, air hoses, oil, and hand tools. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Stop equipment and clear blockages or jams, using fingers, wire, or hand tools. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Remove products from equipment, manually or using hoists, and prepare them for storage, shipment, or additional processing. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Feed fuel, such as coal and coke, into fireboxes or onto conveyors, and remove ashes from furnaces, using shovels and buckets. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Melt or refine metal before casting, calculating required temperatures, and observe metal color, adjusting controls as necessary to maintain required temperatures. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Replace worn or defective equipment parts, using hand tools. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Load equipment receptacles or conveyors with material to be processed, by hand or using hoists. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
职业信息
就业展望（BLS）
- 就业人数，2025
- 15K
- 预计就业人数，2035
- 15K
- 变化 (2025–35)
- +2.6%
- 年薪中位数，2025
- $48,040
- 入职通常所需学历
- High school diploma or equivalent
韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）
来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。
| KSCO 代码 | KSCO 名称 | 关系 | 状态 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 84311 | 유리 제조 및 제품 가공기 조작원 | 本职业范围更宽 | 已确认 |
| 84321 | 도자기제품 생산기 조작원 | 本职业范围更宽 | 已确认 |
| 84339 | 그 외 시멘트 및 광물제품 제조기 조작원 | 本职业范围更宽 | 已确认 |
| 89119 | 그 외 목재 가공 관련 기계 조작원 | 本职业范围更宽 | 已确认 |
| 83122 | 화학물 가열 처리 장치 조작원 | 有重叠，但不相同 | 已确认 |
| 84331 | 시멘트 및 석회 제조 관련 조작원 | 有重叠，但不相同 | 已确认 |
| 62099 | 그 외 임업 관련 종사원 | 相关，但不对应 | 已确认 |
| 88202 | 소각로 조작원 | 相关，但不对应 | 已确认 |
关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)
国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明
以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。
- ISCO-08 7521Wood Treaters
木材处理工
- ISCO-08 8141Rubber Products Machine Operators
橡胶制品机器操作工
- ISCO-08 8181Glass and Ceramics Plant Operators
玻璃和陶瓷生产装置操作工
自行翻译
自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO 职业词汇
以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。
- clay kiln burnerESCO 8181.3本职业范围更宽
Clay kiln burners bake clay products such as brick, sewer pipe or tiles using periodic or tunnel kilns. They regulate valves, observe thermometers, watch for fluctuations, and maintain the kilns.
- clay products dry kiln operatorESCO 8181.3.1本职业范围更宽
Clay products dry kiln operators manage drying tunnels that are meant for drying clay products prior to their treatment in kiln.
- coking furnace operatorESCO 8131.3本职业范围更宽
Coking furnace operators monitor the operation of a usually automatic industrial oven that takes in crushed, washed, and blended bituminous coal and heats it to temperatures between 1000 and 2000 °C without the presence of oxygen in order to obtain cokes. The finished cokes are then quenched with water or air and prepared for transport.
- drawing kiln operatorESCO 8181.4本职业范围更宽
Drawing kiln operators are responsible for continuous sheet flat glass production by manipulating the drawing kiln that processes molten glass.
- glass annealerESCO 8181.7本职业范围更宽
Glass annealers operate electric or gas kilns used to strengthen the glass products by a heating-cooling process, making sure the temperature is set according to specifications. They inspect the glass products through the entire process to observe any flaws.
- kiln firerESCO 8181.10本职业范围更宽
Kiln firers operate kilns in order to fire decorations or glazes. They determine the level and uniformity of oven temperature, regulate the temperature, and give directions to a helper in preparing firebox and lighting fires.
- lime kiln operatorESCO 8131.10本职业范围更宽
Lime kiln operators control equipment that burns limestone to produce lime or carbon dioxide. They control the flow of the materials, fuel, and air and observe the material flow, air, temperature, fuel charts, and oxygen gauges and make adjustments if necessary. They also keep production records.
- metal annealerESCO 8121.3本职业范围更宽
Metal annealers operate electric or gas kilns to soften metal so it can be cut and shaped more easily. They heat the metal to a specific temperature and / or colour and then slowly cool it, both according to specifications. Metal annealers inspect the metals through the entire process to observe any flaws.
- tunnel kiln operatorESCO 8181.3.2本职业范围更宽
Tunnel kiln operators control preheating chambers and tunnel kilns to preheat and bake clay products, such as bricks, sewer popes, mosaic, ceramic or quarry tiles. They observe gauges and instruments and adjust by turning valves if necessary. They pull loaded kiln cars in and out of the heaters and move them to a sorting area.
- wood drying kiln operatorESCO 7521.1本职业范围更宽
Wood drying kiln operators control the process of applying heat to moist or 'green' wood in order to obtain usable dry wood. Depending on the type of kiln, the drying operator will be responsible for moving the wood into and out of the kiln, temperature control, and ventilation.
来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
法国职业分类关联（ROME）
本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。
| ROME 代码 | ROME 名称（法语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| H2806 | Technicien / Technicienne fusion en industrie verrière | 本职业范围更宽 |
| H2809 | Opérateur / Opératrice de poste centralisé en cimenterie | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| H2205 | Opérateur / Opératrice de production en industrie du bois | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
| H2803 | Opérateur / Opératrice en Industrie Céramique | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
| H2805 | Technicien / Technicienne de l'industrie du verre | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）
本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| CNO-11 代码 | CNO-11 名称（西班牙语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 7811 | Trabajadores del tratamiento de la madera | 有重叠，但不相同 |
| 8191 | Operadores de hornos e instalaciones de vidriería y cerámica | 有重叠，但不相同 |
| 8131 | Operadores en plantas industriales químicas | 相关，但不对应 |
| 8141 | Operadores de máquinas para fabricar productos de caucho y derivados de resinas naturales | 相关，但不对应 |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
德国职业分类关联（KldB）
本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| KldB 代码 | KldB 名称（德语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 21412 | Berufe in der Industriekeramik (Verfahrens- und Anlagentechnik) - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | 相关，但不对应 |
| 22312 | Berufe in der Holztrocknung und -konservierung - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | 相关，但不对应 |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
日本职业分类关联（JSCO）
本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| JSCO 代码 | JSCO 名称（日语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 502 | 窯業・土石製品生産設備制御・監視員 | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
| 532 | 窯業・土石製品製造従事者 | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
| 536 | 木・紙製品製造従事者 | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
| 538 | ゴム・プラスチック製品製造従事者 | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源