Painting, Coating, and Decorating Workers
Production Occupations- O*NET-SOC 代码
- 51-9123.00
Paint, coat, or decorate articles, such as furniture, glass, plateware, pottery, jewelry, toys, books, or leather.
- 数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08
低· 相对
低四级相对区间很高职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）
以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档
- 数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03
0.000
0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745尺度 · 母数 · 来源
- 数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025
0.18
0.09此处所载数值的范围0.70职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1
按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应
该来源发布的是什么性质的数值
BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。
Task-level exposure
已评分任务 13 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 0 项（0.0%）
β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。
- 原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
- 已评分任务中有 4 项不在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中，其分数按 O*NET 27.2 的发布值保留。
- 来源
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- 版本
- gh-main-0471612
- 许可
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Apply coatings, such as paint, ink, or lacquer, to protect or decorate workpiece surfaces, using spray guns, pens, or brushes.O*NET Task ID 12527 | 0.0 |
Examine finished surfaces of workpieces to verify conformance to specifications and retouch any defective areas.O*NET Task ID 12528 | 0.0 |
Clean and maintain tools and equipment, using solvents, brushes, and rags.O*NET Task ID 12529 | 0.0 |
Read job orders and inspect workpieces to determine work procedures and materials required.O*NET Task ID 12530 | 0.0 |
Clean surfaces of workpieces in preparation for coating, using cleaning fluids, solvents, brushes, scrapers, steam, sandpaper, or cloth.O*NET Task ID 12531 | 0.0 |
Rinse, drain, or wipe coated workpieces to remove excess coating material or to facilitate setting of finish coats on workpieces.O*NET Task ID 12532 | 0.0 |
Place coated workpieces in ovens or dryers for specified times to dry or harden finishes.O*NET Task ID 12533 | 0.0 |
Select and mix ingredients to prepare coating substances according to specifications, using paddles or mechanical mixers.O*NET Task ID 12534 | 0.0 |
Melt or heat coating materials to specified temperatures.O*NET Task ID 12535 | 0.0 |
Conceal blemishes in workpieces, such as nicks and dents, using fillers such as putty.O*NET Task ID 12536 | 0.0 |
Immerse workpieces into coating materials for specified times.O*NET Task ID 12537 | 0.0 |
Cut out sections in surfaces of materials to be inlaid with decorative pieces, using patterns and knives or scissors.O*NET Task ID 12538 | 0.0 |
Position and glue decorative pieces in cutout sections of workpieces, following patterns.O*NET Task ID 12539 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
O*NET 31.0 全部任务（9 项）
本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。
| 任务（O*NET 31.0） | 类型 |
|---|---|
| Apply coatings, such as paint, ink, or lacquer, to protect or decorate workpiece surfaces, using spray guns, pens, or brushes. | 核心 |
| Examine finished surfaces of workpieces to verify conformance to specifications and retouch any defective areas. | 核心 |
| Clean and maintain tools and equipment, using solvents, brushes, and rags. | 核心 |
| Read job orders and inspect workpieces to determine work procedures and materials required. | 核心 |
| Clean surfaces of workpieces in preparation for coating, using cleaning fluids, solvents, brushes, scrapers, steam, sandpaper, or cloth. | 补充 |
| Rinse, drain, or wipe coated workpieces to remove excess coating material or to facilitate setting of finish coats on workpieces. | 补充 |
| Place coated workpieces in ovens or dryers for specified times to dry or harden finishes. | 补充 |
| Select and mix ingredients to prepare coating substances according to specifications, using paddles or mechanical mixers. | 补充 |
| Conceal blemishes in workpieces, such as nicks and dents, using fillers such as putty. | 补充 |
0.84/ 3· 机器人暴露指数
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
对每项体力任务，按已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人能够完成它的环境评定 0–3 级（0 不可 · 1 围栏式机器单元、灌装线等机器人专用设施 · 2 医院药房、集装箱港口等受管理的设施 · 3 私人住宅、建筑工地等非结构化环境），再按工作时间占比求平均
以该职业 O*NET 29.3 任务中的体力任务为准
等级与时间占比由 Anthropic 使用 Claude Opus 5（网络搜索）估算（截至 2026 年）。
机器人暴露指数与本站的 AI 暴露度是不同的指标，不能相加或相互比较。该指数不代表实际采用情况或成本竞争力，0 也包括没有体力任务的职业。
每项体力任务的等级
机器人环境等级（E0–E3）
E0 机器人不可详情
评定为已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人即使在机器人专用设施中也无法完成
E1 机器人专用设施详情
评定为可在围绕机器搭建的设施中完成，例如围栏式机器单元或灌装线
E2 受管理的设施详情
评定为可在由机构按工作标准维护的人类工作设施中完成，例如医院药房或集装箱港口
E3 非结构化环境详情
评定为可在没有机构按工作标准维护的环境中完成，例如私人住宅或建筑工地
仅列出被归类为体力任务的任务；其他任务在来源中没有等级。
| 任务（O*NET 29.3） | 机器人环境等级 |
|---|---|
| Apply coatings, such as paint, ink, or lacquer, to protect or decorate workpiece surfaces, using spray guns, pens, or brushes. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Examine finished surfaces of workpieces to verify conformance to specifications and retouch any defective areas. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Clean and maintain tools and equipment, using solvents, brushes, and rags. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Read job orders and inspect workpieces to determine work procedures and materials required. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Clean surfaces of workpieces in preparation for coating, using cleaning fluids, solvents, brushes, scrapers, steam, sandpaper, or cloth. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Rinse, drain, or wipe coated workpieces to remove excess coating material or to facilitate setting of finish coats on workpieces. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Place coated workpieces in ovens or dryers for specified times to dry or harden finishes. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Select and mix ingredients to prepare coating substances according to specifications, using paddles or mechanical mixers. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Conceal blemishes in workpieces, such as nicks and dents, using fillers such as putty. | E0 机器人不可 |
职业信息
就业展望（BLS）
- 就业人数，2025
- 8K
- 预计就业人数，2035
- 8K
- 变化 (2025–35)
- +1.3%
- 年薪中位数，2025
- $41,600
- 入职通常所需学历
- No formal educational credential
韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）
来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。
| KSCO 代码 | KSCO 名称 | 关系 | 状态 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 84219 | 그 외 도장기 조작원 | 有重叠，但不相同 | 已确认 |
| 73040 | 간판 제작 및 설치원 | 相关，但不对应 | 已确认 |
| 79129 | 그 외 귀금속 및 보석 세공원 | 相关，但不对应 | 已确认 |
关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)
国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明
以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。
- ISCO-08 7316Sign Writers, Decorative Painters, Engravers and Etchers
广告字书写工、装饰绘画工、雕刻工和蚀刻工
自行翻译
自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO 职业词汇
以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。
- decorative painterESCO 7316.1本职业范围更宽
Decorative painters design and create visual art on different kinds of surfaces such as pottery, casings, glass and fabric. They use diverse materials and a variety of techniques to produce decorative illustrations ranging from stenciling to free-hand drawing.
- furniture finisherESCO 7522.5本职业范围更宽
Furniture finishers treat the surface of wood furniture using hand and power tools to sand, clean and polish. They apply wood coatings onto wooden surfaces by using different techniques such as brushing or using a spray gun. They choose and apply the right coatings with protective and/or decorative purposes.
- glass painterESCO 7316.1.2本职业范围更宽
Glass painters design and create visual art on glass or crystal surfaces and objects such as windows, stemware and bottles. They use a variety of techniques to produce decorative illustrations ranging from stenciling to free-hand drawing.
- leather goods finishing operatorESCO 7536.1.1本职业范围更宽
Leather goods finishing operators organise leather goods products to be finished applying different types of finishing (e.g. creamy, oily, waxy, polishing, plastic-coated, etc.). They use tools, means and materials to incorporate the handles and metallic applications in bags, suitcases, and other accessories. They study the sequence of operations according to the information received from the supervisor and from the technical sheet of the model. They apply techniques for ironing, creaming or oiling, for the application of liquids for waterproofing, leather washing, cleaning, polishing, waxing, brushing, burning tips, remotion of glue waste, and painting the tops following technical specifications. They also check visually the quality of the finished by paying close attention to the absence of wrinkles, straight seams, and cleanliness. They correct anomalies or defects that can be solved by finishing and reported to the supervisor.
- porcelain painterESCO 7316.1.3本职业范围更宽
Porcelain painters design and create visual art on porcelain surfaces and objects such as tiles and pottery. They use a variety of techniques to produce decorative illustrations ranging from stenciling to free-hand drawing.
- wood painterESCO 7316.1.4本职业范围更宽
Wood painters design and create visual art on wooden surfaces and objects such as furniture, figurines and toys. They use a variety of techniques to produce decorative illustrations ranging from stenciling to free-hand drawing.
来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
法国职业分类关联（ROME）
本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。
| ROME 代码 | ROME 名称（法语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| H2427 | Applicateur / Applicatrice en tannerie-mégisserie | 本职业范围更宽 |
| B1302 | Décorateur / Décoratrice d'objets d'art | 有重叠，但不相同 |
| H3404 | Peintre industriel / Peintre industrielle | 有重叠，但不相同 |
| E1316 | Conducteur / Conductrice de machines à sérigraphier | 相关，但不对应 |
| H1240 | Agent / Agente de finissage couleurs et effets cuirs et peaux | 相关，但不对应 |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）
本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| CNO-11 代码 | CNO-11 名称（西班牙语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 7232 | Pintores en las industrias manufactureras | 有重叠，但不相同暂定 |
| 7616 | Rotulistas, grabadores de vidrio, pintores decorativos de artículos diversos | 有重叠，但不相同暂定 |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
德国职业分类关联（KldB）
本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| KldB 代码 | KldB 名称（德语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 93422 | Berufe in der kunsthandwerklichen Glas-, Keram- und Porzellanmalerei - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | 本职业范围更宽 |
| 93342 | Berufe im Vergolderhandwerk - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| 22201 | Berufe in der Farb- und Lacktechnik (ohne Spezialisierung) - Helfer-/Anlerntätigkeiten | 有重叠，但不相同 |
| 22202 | Berufe in der Farb- und Lacktechnik (ohne Spezialisierung) - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | 有重叠，但不相同 |
| 24382 | Berufe in der Metalloberflächenbehandlung (sonstige spezifische Tätigkeitsangabe) - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
| 93343 | Berufe im Vergolderhandwerk - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
| 93542 | Berufe in der Schilder- und Lichtreklameherstellung - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
日本职业分类关联（JSCO）
本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| JSCO 代码 | JSCO 名称（日语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 591 | 生産関連作業従事者 | 本职业范围更窄暂定 |
| 532 | 窯業・土石製品製造従事者 | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
| 539 | その他の製品製造・加工処理従事者（金属製品を除く） | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源