Coating, Painting, and Spraying Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders

Production Occupations
O*NET-SOC 代码
51-9124.00

Set up, operate, or tend spraying or rolling machines to coat or paint any of a wide variety of products, including glassware, cloth, ceramics, metal, plastic, paper, or wood, with lacquer, silver, copper, rubber, varnish, glaze, enamel, oil, or rust-proofing materials. Includes painters of transportation vehicles such as painters in auto body repair facilities.

  • 数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08

    低· 相对

    低四级相对区间很高

    职业群单位数值

    尺度 · 母数 · 来源

    四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）

    以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档

    来源数据集（XLSX 文件下载）

  • 数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03

    0.000

    0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745
    尺度 · 母数 · 来源

    观测暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1

    以O*NET任务映射为基准

    按 SOC 2018 职业发布的数值；具有相同 SOC 2018 代码的所有 O*NET 职业均显示此值

    来源数据集（CSV 文件下载）

  • 数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025

    0.12–0.20· ISCO-08 职业组 2 个

    尺度 · 母数 · 来源

    生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1

    按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应

    来源数据集（PDF 文件下载）

该来源发布的是什么性质的数值

BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。

各关联 ISCO-08 职业组的 ILO 数值
  • ISCO-08 7132Spray Painters and Varnishers0.12
  • ISCO-08 8122Metal Finishing, Plating and Coating Machine Operators0.20

Task-level exposure

已评分任务 30 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 2 项（6.7%）

β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。

  • 原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
  • 已评分任务中有 1 项不在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中，其分数按 O*NET 27.2 的发布值保留。
来源
OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
版本
gh-main-0471612
许可
MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
Task (O*NET 30.2)Claude.aiRaw / share %APIRaw / share %
Record operational data on specified forms.

51-9124.00

0.00000.00.00000.0
Not observed on any surface — 28 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states.
Observe machine gauges and equipment operation to detect defects or deviations from standards, and make adjustments as necessary.
—0—0
Determine paint flow, viscosity, and coating quality by performing visual inspections, or by using viscometers.
—0—0
Turn dials, handwheels, valves, or switches to regulate conveyor speeds, machine temperature, air pressure and circulation, and the flow or spray of coatings or paints.
—0—0
Start and stop operation of machines, using levers or buttons.
—0—0
Fill hoppers, reservoirs, troughs, or pans with material used to coat, paint, or spray, using conveyors or pails.
—0—0
Attach hoses or nozzles to machines, using wrenches and pliers, and make adjustments to obtain the proper dispersion of spray.
—0—0
Examine, measure, weigh, or test sample products to ensure conformance to specifications.
—0—0
Hold or position spray guns to direct spray onto articles.
—0—0
Apply rust-resistant undercoats and caulk and seal seams.
—0—0
Buff and wax the finished paintwork.
—0—0
Clean equipment and work areas.
—0—0
Disassemble, clean, and reassemble sprayers or power equipment, using solvents, wire brushes, and cloths.
—0—0
Dispose of hazardous waste in an appropriate manner.
—0—0
Monitor painting operations to identify flaws, such as blisters or streaks, and correct their causes.
—0—0
Spray prepared surfaces with specified amounts of primers and decorative or finish coatings.
—0—0
Use brush to hand-paint areas in need of retouching or unreachable with a spray gun.
—0—0
Weigh or measure chemicals, coatings, or paints before adding them to machines.
—0—0
Operate auxiliary machines or equipment used in coating or painting processes.
—0—0
Thread or feed items or products through or around machine rollers and dryers.
—0—0
Remove materials, parts, or workpieces from painting or coating machines, using hand tools.
—0—0
Adjust controls on infrared ovens, heat lamps, portable ventilators, or exhaust units to speed the drying of surfaces between coats.
—0—0
Apply primer over any repairs made to surfaces.
—0—0
Fill small dents or scratches with body fillers and smooth surfaces to prepare for painting.
—0—0
Mix paints to match color specifications or original colors, stirring or thinning paints, using spatulas or power mixing equipment.
—0—0
Operate lifting or moving devices to move equipment or materials to access areas to be painted.
—0—0
Remove grease, dirt, paint, or rust from surfaces in preparation for paint application, using abrasives, solvents, brushes, blowtorches, washing tanks, or sandblasters.
—0—0
Sand and apply sealer to properly dried finish.
—0—0
Set up portable equipment, such as ventilators, exhaust units, ladders, or scaffolding.
—0—0

Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page

O*NET 31.0 全部任务（29 项）

本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。

任务（O*NET 31.0）类型
Observe machine gauges and equipment operation to detect defects or deviations from standards, and make adjustments as necessary.核心
Determine paint flow, viscosity, and coating quality by performing visual inspections, or by using viscometers.核心
Turn dials, handwheels, valves, or switches to regulate conveyor speeds, machine temperature, air pressure and circulation, and the flow or spray of coatings or paints.核心
Start and stop operation of machines, using levers or buttons.核心
Fill hoppers, reservoirs, troughs, or pans with material used to coat, paint, or spray, using conveyors or pails.核心
Attach hoses or nozzles to machines, using wrenches and pliers, and make adjustments to obtain the proper dispersion of spray.核心
Examine, measure, weigh, or test sample products to ensure conformance to specifications.核心
Hold or position spray guns to direct spray onto articles.核心
Apply rust-resistant undercoats and caulk and seal seams.核心
Buff and wax the finished paintwork.核心
Clean equipment and work areas.核心
Disassemble, clean, and reassemble sprayers or power equipment, using solvents, wire brushes, and cloths.核心
Dispose of hazardous waste in an appropriate manner.核心
Monitor painting operations to identify flaws, such as blisters or streaks, and correct their causes.核心
Spray prepared surfaces with specified amounts of primers and decorative or finish coatings.核心
Use brush to hand-paint areas in need of retouching or unreachable with a spray gun.核心
Weigh or measure chemicals, coatings, or paints before adding them to machines.补充
Record operational data on specified forms.补充
Operate auxiliary machines or equipment used in coating or painting processes.补充
Thread or feed items or products through or around machine rollers and dryers.补充
Remove materials, parts, or workpieces from painting or coating machines, using hand tools.补充
Operate lifting or moving devices to move equipment or materials to access areas to be painted.补充
Set up portable equipment, such as ventilators, exhaust units, ladders, or scaffolding.补充
Adjust controls on infrared ovens, heat lamps, portable ventilators, or exhaust units to speed the drying of surfaces between coats.—
Apply primer over any repairs made to surfaces.—
Fill small dents or scratches with body fillers and smooth surfaces to prepare for painting.—
Mix paints to match color specifications or original colors, stirring or thinning paints, using spatulas or power mixing equipment.—
Remove grease, dirt, paint, or rust from surfaces in preparation for paint application, using abrasives, solvents, brushes, blowtorches, washing tanks, or sandblasters.—
Sand and apply sealer to properly dried finish.—

职业信息

就业展望（BLS）

就业人数，2025
165K
预计就业人数，2035
169K
变化 (2025–35)
+2.5%
年薪中位数，2025
$48,250
入职通常所需学历
High school diploma or equivalent
最低 $30,890BLS EP 2025–35 中 825 个细分职业的工资中位数范围最高 $559,030

来源: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections 2025–35 — Employment by detailed occupation, 2025 and projected 2035

韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）

来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。

KSCO 代码KSCO 名称关系状态
84211차량 도장기 조작원本职业范围更宽已确认
84212가구 도장기 조작원本职业范围更宽已确认
84213금속제품 도장기 조작원本职业范围更宽已确认
83215필름 생산기 조작원有重叠，但不相同已确认
84224금속 분무기 조작원有重叠，但不相同已确认
84225금속코팅·광택 및 래미네이팅기 조작원有重叠，但不相同已确认
89133인화지 제조기 조작원有重叠，但不相同已确认
78369그 외 건축 도장공相关，但不对应已确认
83229그 외 타이어 및 고무제품 생산기 조작원相关，但不对应已确认
84229그 외 도금 및 금속 분무기 조작원相关，但不对应已确认
84319그 외 유리 제조 및 가공기 조작원相关，但不对应已确认
86312이차전지 제조 기계 조작원相关，但不对应已确认

关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)

国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明

以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。

  • ISCO-08 7132Spray Painters and Varnishers

    喷漆工和涂清漆工

  • ISCO-08 8122Metal Finishing, Plating and Coating Machine Operators

    金属表面处理、电镀和涂层机器操作工

自行翻译

自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。

Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits

ESCO 职业词汇

以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。

  • coating machine operatorESCO 8122.3本职业范围更宽

    Coating machine operators set up and tend coating machines that coat metal products with a thin layer of covering of materials such as lacquer, enamel, copper, nickel, zinc, cadmium, chromium or other metal layering in order to protect or decorate the metal products' surfaces. They run all coating machine stations on multiple coaters.

  • dip tank operatorESCO 8122.6本职业范围更宽

    Dip tank operators set up and tend dip tanks, which are coating machines, designed to provide otherwise finished work pieces with durable coating by dipping them in a tank of a specific sort of paint, preservative or molten zinc.

  • electroplating machine operatorESCO 8122.7本职业范围更宽

    Electroplating machine operators set up and tend electroplating machines designed to finish and coat the metal workpieces' (such as future pennies and jewelry) surface by using electric current to dissolve metal cations and to bond a thin layer of another metal, such as zinc, copper or silver, to produce a coherent metal coating to the workpiece's surface.

  • lacquer spray gun operatorESCO 7132.1本职业范围更宽

    Lacquer spray gun operators operate lacquer spray guns designed to provide otherwise finished metal, wooden or plastic workpieces with a hard, durable finishing coat, through lacquer coating or paint that is either matte, sheen or highly glossy, but is always meant for hard surfaces.

  • rustprooferESCO 8122.10本职业范围更宽

    Rustproofers use the proper equipment and machinery to provide metal workpieces with a hard, durable finishing coat, composed of specific chemical formulas, that prevents or delays iron and steel pieces from rusting and protects against corrosion.

  • transport equipment painterESCO 7132.3本职业范围更宽

    Transport equipment painters use painting machines and hand tools to coat individual parts and to paint the surface of all types of transport equipment such as cars, buses, boats, aircraft, motorcycles and railway cars. They prepare the surface of the pieces for the paint and apply the coaat. Transport equipment painters can perform industrial painting or individual customisation. They may also remove or repair painting errors such as scratches.

  • surface treatment operatorESCO 7132.2有重叠，但不相同

    Surface treatment operators apply chemicals and paint to the material surface in order to protect against corrosion. They calculate the materials needed for surface protection.

来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)

许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)

查看原文

ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.

法国职业分类关联（ROME）

本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。

ROME 代码ROME 名称（法语）关系
H3404Peintre industriel / Peintre industrielle本职业范围更宽暂定
H3411Laqueur industriel / Laqueuse industrielle本职业范围更宽暂定
I1609Peintre automobile本职业范围更宽暂定
I1614Préparateur / Préparatrice en peinture automobile本职业范围更宽暂定

Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.

ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)

西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）

本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

CNO-11 代码CNO-11 名称（西班牙语）关系
7232Pintores en las industrias manufactureras有重叠，但不相同
8122Operadores de máquinas pulidoras, galvanizadoras y recubridoras de metales有重叠，但不相同

Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)

德国职业分类关联（KldB）

本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

KldB 代码KldB 名称（德语）关系
22202Berufe in der Farb- und Lacktechnik (ohne Spezialisierung) - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten本职业范围更宽
22212Berufe in der Fahrzeuglackierung - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten本职业范围更宽
24302Berufe in der Metalloberflächenbehandlung (ohne Spezialisierung) - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten相关，但不对应
24382Berufe in der Metalloberflächenbehandlung (sonstige spezifische Tätigkeitsangabe) - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten相关，但不对应暂定

Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)

日本职业分类关联（JSCO）

本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

JSCO 代码JSCO 名称（日语）关系
591生産関連作業従事者本职业范围更窄

Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)

本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源