Molders, Shapers, and Casters, Except Metal and Plastic
Production Occupations- O*NET-SOC 代码
- 51-9195.00
Mold, shape, form, cast, or carve products such as food products, figurines, tile, pipes, and candles consisting of clay, glass, plaster, concrete, stone, or combinations of materials.
- 数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08
低· 相对
低四级相对区间很高职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）
以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档
- 数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03
0.000
0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
- 数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025
0.14–0.24· ISCO-08 职业组 6 个
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1
按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应
该来源发布的是什么性质的数值
BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。
各关联 ISCO-08 职业组的 ILO 数值
- ISCO-08 7314Potters and Related Workers0.18
- ISCO-08 7315Glass Makers, Cutters, Grinders and Finishers0.19
- ISCO-08 7516Tobacco Preparers and Tobacco Products Makers0.14
- ISCO-08 8131Chemical Products Plant and Machine Operators0.24
- ISCO-08 8141Rubber Products Machine Operators0.18
- ISCO-08 8181Glass and Ceramics Plant Operators0.17
Task-level exposure
显示隐藏的 27 项工作已评分任务 27 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 0 项（0.0%）
β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。
- 原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
- 已评分任务中有 3 项不在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中，其分数按 O*NET 27.2 的发布值保留。
- 来源
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- 版本
- gh-main-0471612
- 许可
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
以下为 O*NET-SOC 2010 职业 51-9195.07 Molding and Casting Workers 的工作任务，由本站依据 O*NET-SOC 2010→2019 官方对照表关联到此职业
| Task (O*NET 20.1) | Claude.aiRaw / share % | APIRaw / share % |
|---|---|---|
Verify dimensions of products, using measuring instruments, such as calipers, vernier gauges, or protractors.51-9195.07 | 0.0054100.0 | 0.0079100.0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Read work orders or examine parts to determine parts or sections of products to be produced.O*NET Task ID 23666 | 0.0 |
Trim or remove excess material, using scrapers, knives, or band saws.O*NET Task ID 23667 | 0.0 |
Brush or spray mold surfaces with parting agents or insert paper into molds to ensure smoothness and prevent sticking or seepage.O*NET Task ID 23668 | 0.0 |
Engrave or stamp identifying symbols, letters, or numbers on products.O*NET Task ID 23669 | 0.0 |
Assemble, insert, and adjust wires, tubes, cores, fittings, rods, or patterns into molds, using hand tools and depth gauges.O*NET Task ID 23670 | 0.0 |
Clean, finish, and lubricate molds and mold parts.O*NET Task ID 23671 | 0.0 |
Separate models or patterns from molds and examine products for accuracy.O*NET Task ID 23672 | 0.0 |
Set the proper operating temperature for each casting.O*NET Task ID 23673 | 0.0 |
Load or stack filled molds in ovens, dryers, or curing boxes, or on storage racks or carts.O*NET Task ID 23674 | 0.0 |
Align and assemble parts to produce completed products, using gauges and hand tools.O*NET Task ID 23675 | 0.0 |
Operate and adjust controls of heating equipment to melt material or to cure, dry, or bake filled molds.O*NET Task ID 23676 | 0.0 |
Select sizes and types of molds according to instructions.O*NET Task ID 23677 | 0.0 |
Patch broken edges or fractures, using clay or plaster.O*NET Task ID 23678 | 0.0 |
Withdraw cores or other loose mold members after castings solidify.O*NET Task ID 23679 | 0.0 |
Repair mold defects, such as cracks or broken edges, using patterns, mold boxes, or hand tools.O*NET Task ID 23680 | 0.0 |
Measure and cut products to specified dimensions, using measuring and cutting instruments.O*NET Task ID 23681 | 0.0 |
Smooth surfaces of molds, using scraping tools or sandpaper.O*NET Task ID 23682 | 0.0 |
Measure ingredients and mix molding, casting material, or sealing compounds to prescribed consistencies, according to formulas.O*NET Task ID 23683 | 0.0 |
Remove excess materials and level and smooth wet mold mixtures.O*NET Task ID 23684 | 0.0 |
Operate molding machines that compact sand in flasks to form molds.O*NET Task ID 23685 | 0.0 |
Place forms around models and separately immerse each half portion of a model in plaster, wax, or other mold-making materials.O*NET Task ID 23686 | 0.0 |
Verify dimensions of products, using measuring instruments, such as calipers, vernier gauges, or protractors.O*NET Task ID 23687 | 0.0 |
Bore holes or cut grates, risers, or pouring spouts in molds, using power tools.O*NET Task ID 23688 | 0.0 |
Locate and scribe parting lines on patterns, using measuring instruments, such as calipers, squares, or depth gauges.O*NET Task ID 23689 | 0.0 |
Tap or tilt molds to ensure uniform distribution of materials.O*NET Task ID 23690 | 0.0 |
Construct or form molds for use in casting clay or plaster objects, using plaster, fiberglass, rubber, casting machines, patterns, or flasks.O*NET Task ID 23691 | 0.0 |
Pour, pack, spread, or press plaster, concrete, or other materials into or around models or molds.O*NET Task ID 23692 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
O*NET 31.0 全部任务（24 项）
本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。
| 任务（O*NET 31.0） | 类型 |
|---|---|
| Read work orders or examine parts to determine parts or sections of products to be produced. | 核心 |
| Trim or remove excess material, using scrapers, knives, or band saws. | 核心 |
| Brush or spray mold surfaces with parting agents or insert paper into molds to ensure smoothness and prevent sticking or seepage. | 补充 |
| Engrave or stamp identifying symbols, letters, or numbers on products. | 补充 |
| Assemble, insert, and adjust wires, tubes, cores, fittings, rods, or patterns into molds, using hand tools and depth gauges. | 补充 |
| Clean, finish, and lubricate molds and mold parts. | 补充 |
| Separate models or patterns from molds and examine products for accuracy. | 补充 |
| Set the proper operating temperature for each casting. | 补充 |
| Load or stack filled molds in ovens, dryers, or curing boxes, or on storage racks or carts. | 补充 |
| Align and assemble parts to produce completed products, using gauges and hand tools. | 补充 |
| Operate and adjust controls of heating equipment to melt material or to cure, dry, or bake filled molds. | 补充 |
| Select sizes and types of molds according to instructions. | 补充 |
| Patch broken edges or fractures, using clay or plaster. | 补充 |
| Withdraw cores or other loose mold members after castings solidify. | 补充 |
| Repair mold defects, such as cracks or broken edges, using patterns, mold boxes, or hand tools. | 补充 |
| Measure and cut products to specified dimensions, using measuring and cutting instruments. | 补充 |
| Smooth surfaces of molds, using scraping tools or sandpaper. | 补充 |
| Measure ingredients and mix molding, casting material, or sealing compounds to prescribed consistencies, according to formulas. | 补充 |
| Remove excess materials and level and smooth wet mold mixtures. | 补充 |
| Verify dimensions of products, using measuring instruments, such as calipers, vernier gauges, or protractors. | 补充 |
| Bore holes or cut grates, risers, or pouring spouts in molds, using power tools. | 补充 |
| Tap or tilt molds to ensure uniform distribution of materials. | 补充 |
| Construct or form molds for use in casting clay or plaster objects, using plaster, fiberglass, rubber, casting machines, patterns, or flasks. | — |
| Pour, pack, spread, or press plaster, concrete, or other materials into or around models or molds. | — |
0.91/ 3· 机器人暴露指数
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
对每项体力任务，按已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人能够完成它的环境评定 0–3 级（0 不可 · 1 围栏式机器单元、灌装线等机器人专用设施 · 2 医院药房、集装箱港口等受管理的设施 · 3 私人住宅、建筑工地等非结构化环境），再按工作时间占比求平均
以该职业 O*NET 29.3 任务中的体力任务为准
等级与时间占比由 Anthropic 使用 Claude Opus 5（网络搜索）估算（截至 2026 年）。
机器人暴露指数与本站的 AI 暴露度是不同的指标，不能相加或相互比较。该指数不代表实际采用情况或成本竞争力，0 也包括没有体力任务的职业。
每项体力任务的等级
机器人环境等级（E0–E3）
E0 机器人不可详情
评定为已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人即使在机器人专用设施中也无法完成
E1 机器人专用设施详情
评定为可在围绕机器搭建的设施中完成，例如围栏式机器单元或灌装线
E2 受管理的设施详情
评定为可在由机构按工作标准维护的人类工作设施中完成，例如医院药房或集装箱港口
E3 非结构化环境详情
评定为可在没有机构按工作标准维护的环境中完成，例如私人住宅或建筑工地
仅列出被归类为体力任务的任务；其他任务在来源中没有等级。
| 任务（O*NET 29.3） | 机器人环境等级 |
|---|---|
| Trim or remove excess material, using scrapers, knives, or band saws. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Brush or spray mold surfaces with parting agents or insert paper into molds to ensure smoothness and prevent sticking or seepage. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Engrave or stamp identifying symbols, letters, or numbers on products. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Assemble, insert, and adjust wires, tubes, cores, fittings, rods, or patterns into molds, using hand tools and depth gauges. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Clean, finish, and lubricate molds and mold parts. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Separate models or patterns from molds and examine products for accuracy. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Set the proper operating temperature for each casting. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Load or stack filled molds in ovens, dryers, or curing boxes, or on storage racks or carts. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Align and assemble parts to produce completed products, using gauges and hand tools. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Operate and adjust controls of heating equipment to melt material or to cure, dry, or bake filled molds. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Select sizes and types of molds according to instructions. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Patch broken edges or fractures, using clay or plaster. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Withdraw cores or other loose mold members after castings solidify. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Repair mold defects, such as cracks or broken edges, using patterns, mold boxes, or hand tools. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Measure and cut products to specified dimensions, using measuring and cutting instruments. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Smooth surfaces of molds, using scraping tools or sandpaper. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Measure ingredients and mix molding, casting material, or sealing compounds to prescribed consistencies, according to formulas. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Remove excess materials and level and smooth wet mold mixtures. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Verify dimensions of products, using measuring instruments, such as calipers, vernier gauges, or protractors. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Bore holes or cut grates, risers, or pouring spouts in molds, using power tools. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Tap or tilt molds to ensure uniform distribution of materials. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Construct or form molds for use in casting clay or plaster objects, using plaster, fiberglass, rubber, casting machines, patterns, or flasks. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Pour, pack, spread, or press plaster, concrete, or other materials into or around models or molds. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
职业信息
就业展望（BLS）
这些数值属于整个 SOC 51-9195 组（Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal and plastic），并非仅属于该 O*NET 职业。
- 就业人数，2025
- 43K
- 预计就业人数，2035
- 46K
- 变化 (2025–35)
- +5.8%
- 年薪中位数，2025
- $46,170
- 入职通常所需学历
- High school diploma or equivalent
韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）
来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。
| KSCO 代码 | KSCO 名称 | 关系 | 状态 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 84332 | 콘크리트제품 제조 관련 조작원 | 本职业范围更宽 | 已确认 |
| 84331 | 시멘트 및 석회 제조 관련 조작원 | 相关，但不对应 | 已确认 |
关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)
国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明
以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。
- ISCO-08 7314Potters and Related Workers
陶工及有关人员
- ISCO-08 7315Glass Makers, Cutters, Grinders and Finishers
玻璃制造、切割、研磨和修整工
- ISCO-08 7516Tobacco Preparers and Tobacco Products Makers
烟草加工工和烟草制品制作工
- ISCO-08 8131Chemical Products Plant and Machine Operators
化学品生产装置和机器操作工
- ISCO-08 8141Rubber Products Machine Operators
橡胶制品机器操作工
- ISCO-08 8181Glass and Ceramics Plant Operators
玻璃和陶瓷生产装置操作工
自行翻译
自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO 职业词汇
以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。
- casting mould makerESCO 7222.1本职业范围更宽
Casting mould makers create metal, wooden or plastic models of the finished product to be cast. The patterns are then used to create moulds, eventually leading to the casting of the product of the same shape as the pattern.
- pottery and porcelain casterESCO 8181.11本职业范围更宽
Pottery and porcelain casters fill moulds with clay to cast pottery and porcelain wares. They pour excess slip out of the mould when needed, drain moulds, remove the cast from the mould, smooth the casting surfaces to remove marks and place the castings on boards to dry.
- precast moulderESCO 8114.5本职业范围更宽
Precast moulders handcast decorative and structural concrete building products such as fireplace units, blocks or coloured tiles. They use a portable concrete-mixing machine.
- hand brick moulderESCO 7314.1有重叠，但不相同
Hand brick moulders create unique bricks, pipes, and other heat-resistant products using hand moulding tools. They create moulds according to specifications, clean and oil them, insert and remove the mixture from the mould. Then, they let the bricks dry in kiln before finishing and smoothing the end products.
- production potterESCO 7314.2有重叠，但不相同
Production potters process and form clay, by hand or by using the wheel, into end-products pottery, stoneware products, earthenware products and porcelain. They introduce the already shaped clay into kilns, heating them at a high temperature in order to remove all the water from the clay.
来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
法国职业分类关联（ROME）
本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。
| ROME 代码 | ROME 名称（法语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| F1706 | Agent / Agente de préfabrication de l'industrie du béton | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| H2803 | Opérateur / Opératrice en Industrie Céramique | 有重叠，但不相同暂定 |
| H2908 | Modeleur / Modeleuse | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）
本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| CNO-11 代码 | CNO-11 名称（西班牙语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 7614 | Trabajadores de la cerámica, alfareros y afines | 有重叠，但不相同 |
| 8114 | Operadores de maquinaria para fabricar productos derivados de minerales no metálicos | 有重叠，但不相同 |
| 7615 | Sopladores, modeladores, laminadores, cortadores y pulidores de vidrio | 相关，但不对应 |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
德国职业分类关联（KldB）
本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| KldB 代码 | KldB 名称（德语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 93352 | Berufe in der Wachszieherei - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | 本职业范围更宽 |
| 21422 | Berufe in der Industriekeramik (Modelltechnik) - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| 21222 | Berufe in der Baustoffherstellung - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | 有重叠，但不相同 |
| 21412 | Berufe in der Industriekeramik (Verfahrens- und Anlagentechnik) - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | 相关，但不对应 |
| 21423 | Berufe in der Industriekeramik (Modelltechnik) - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
日本职业分类关联（JSCO）
本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| JSCO 代码 | JSCO 名称（日语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 532 | 窯業・土石製品製造従事者 | 本职业范围更窄 |
| 531 | 化学製品製造従事者 | 相关，但不对应 |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源