Airline Pilots, Copilots, and Flight Engineers
Transportation and Material Moving Occupations- O*NET-SOC 代码
- 53-2011.00
Pilot and navigate the flight of fixed-wing aircraft, usually on scheduled air carrier routes, for the transport of passengers and cargo. Requires Federal Air Transport certificate and rating for specific aircraft type used. Includes regional, national, and international airline pilots and flight instructors of airline pilots.
- 数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08
中等· 相对
低四级相对区间很高职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）
以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档
- 数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03
0.000
0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745尺度 · 母数 · 来源
- 数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025
0.27
0.09此处所载数值的范围0.70职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1
按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应
该来源发布的是什么性质的数值
BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。
Task-level exposure
显示隐藏的 10 项工作已评分任务 26 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 16 项（61.5%）
β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。
- 原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
- 已评分任务中有 2 项不在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中，其分数按 O*NET 27.2 的发布值保留。
- 来源
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- 版本
- gh-main-0471612
- 许可
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Record in log books information, such as flight times, distances flown, and fuel consumption.O*NET Task ID 10578 | 1.0 |
Make announcements regarding flights, using public address systems.O*NET Task ID 10579 | 1.0 |
Use instrumentation to guide flights when visibility is poor.O*NET Task ID 10562 | 0.5 |
Respond to and report in-flight emergencies and malfunctions.O*NET Task ID 10563 | 0.5 |
Contact control towers for takeoff clearances, arrival instructions, and other information, using radio equipment.O*NET Task ID 10565 | 0.5 |
Check passenger and cargo distributions and fuel amounts to ensure that weight and balance specifications are met.O*NET Task ID 10570 | 0.5 |
Monitor engine operation, fuel consumption, and functioning of aircraft systems during flights.O*NET Task ID 10571 | 0.5 |
Confer with flight dispatchers and weather forecasters to keep abreast of flight conditions.O*NET Task ID 10572 | 0.5 |
Coordinate flight activities with ground crews and air traffic control and inform crew members of flight and test procedures.O*NET Task ID 10573 | 0.5 |
Order changes in fuel supplies, loads, routes, or schedules to ensure safety of flights.O*NET Task ID 10574 | 0.5 |
Choose routes, altitudes, and speeds that will provide the fastest, safest, and smoothest flights.O*NET Task ID 10575 | 0.5 |
Brief crews about flight details, such as destinations, duties, and responsibilities.O*NET Task ID 10577 | 0.5 |
File instrument flight plans with air traffic control to ensure that flights are coordinated with other air traffic.O*NET Task ID 10580 | 0.5 |
Evaluate other pilots or pilot-license applicants for proficiency.O*NET Task ID 10584 | 0.5 |
Plan and formulate flight activities and test schedules and prepare flight evaluation reports.O*NET Task ID 10586 | 0.5 |
Test and evaluate the performance of new aircraft.O*NET Task ID 20312 | 0.5 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
O*NET 31.0 全部任务（24 项）
本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。
| 任务（O*NET 31.0） | 类型 |
|---|---|
| Use instrumentation to guide flights when visibility is poor. | 核心 |
| Respond to and report in-flight emergencies and malfunctions. | 核心 |
| Work as part of a flight team with other crew members, especially during takeoffs and landings. | 核心 |
| Contact control towers for takeoff clearances, arrival instructions, and other information, using radio equipment. | 核心 |
| Steer aircraft along planned routes, using autopilot and flight management computers. | 核心 |
| Monitor gauges, warning devices, and control panels to verify aircraft performance and to regulate engine speed. | 核心 |
| Start engines, operate controls, and pilot airplanes to transport passengers, mail, or freight, adhering to flight plans, regulations, and procedures. | 核心 |
| Inspect aircraft for defects and malfunctions, according to pre-flight checklists. | 核心 |
| Check passenger and cargo distributions and fuel amounts to ensure that weight and balance specifications are met. | 核心 |
| Monitor engine operation, fuel consumption, and functioning of aircraft systems during flights. | 核心 |
| Confer with flight dispatchers and weather forecasters to keep abreast of flight conditions. | 核心 |
| Order changes in fuel supplies, loads, routes, or schedules to ensure safety of flights. | 核心 |
| Choose routes, altitudes, and speeds that will provide the fastest, safest, and smoothest flights. | 核心 |
| Direct activities of aircraft crews during flights. | 核心 |
| Brief crews about flight details, such as destinations, duties, and responsibilities. | 核心 |
| Record in log books information, such as flight times, distances flown, and fuel consumption. | 核心 |
| Make announcements regarding flights, using public address systems. | 核心 |
| Instruct other pilots and student pilots in aircraft operations and the principles of flight. | 核心 |
| Coordinate flight activities with ground crews and air traffic control and inform crew members of flight and test procedures. | 补充 |
| File instrument flight plans with air traffic control to ensure that flights are coordinated with other air traffic. | 补充 |
| Perform minor maintenance work, or arrange for major maintenance. | 补充 |
| Conduct in-flight tests and evaluations at specified altitudes and in all types of weather to determine the receptivity and other characteristics of equipment and systems. | 补充 |
| Evaluate other pilots or pilot-license applicants for proficiency. | 补充 |
| Plan and formulate flight activities and test schedules and prepare flight evaluation reports. | 补充 |
0.52/ 3· 机器人暴露指数
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
对每项体力任务，按已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人能够完成它的环境评定 0–3 级（0 不可 · 1 围栏式机器单元、灌装线等机器人专用设施 · 2 医院药房、集装箱港口等受管理的设施 · 3 私人住宅、建筑工地等非结构化环境），再按工作时间占比求平均
以该职业 O*NET 29.3 任务中的体力任务为准
等级与时间占比由 Anthropic 使用 Claude Opus 5（网络搜索）估算（截至 2026 年）。
机器人暴露指数与本站的 AI 暴露度是不同的指标，不能相加或相互比较。该指数不代表实际采用情况或成本竞争力，0 也包括没有体力任务的职业。
每项体力任务的等级
机器人环境等级（E0–E3）
E0 机器人不可详情
评定为已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人即使在机器人专用设施中也无法完成
E1 机器人专用设施详情
评定为可在围绕机器搭建的设施中完成，例如围栏式机器单元或灌装线
E2 受管理的设施详情
评定为可在由机构按工作标准维护的人类工作设施中完成，例如医院药房或集装箱港口
E3 非结构化环境详情
评定为可在没有机构按工作标准维护的环境中完成，例如私人住宅或建筑工地
仅列出被归类为体力任务的任务；其他任务在来源中没有等级。
| 任务（O*NET 29.3） | 机器人环境等级 |
|---|---|
| Use instrumentation to guide flights when visibility is poor. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Respond to and report in-flight emergencies and malfunctions. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Work as part of a flight team with other crew members, especially during takeoffs and landings. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Steer aircraft along planned routes, using autopilot and flight management computers. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Monitor gauges, warning devices, and control panels to verify aircraft performance and to regulate engine speed. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Start engines, operate controls, and pilot airplanes to transport passengers, mail, or freight, adhering to flight plans, regulations, and procedures. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Inspect aircraft for defects and malfunctions, according to pre-flight checklists. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Instruct other pilots and student pilots in aircraft operations and the principles of flight. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Perform minor maintenance work, or arrange for major maintenance. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Conduct in-flight tests and evaluations at specified altitudes and in all types of weather to determine the receptivity and other characteristics of equipment and systems. | E0 机器人不可 |
职业信息
就业展望（BLS）
- 就业人数，2025
- 105K
- 预计就业人数，2035
- 113K
- 变化 (2025–35)
- +8.3%
- 年薪中位数，2025
- $232,140
- 入职通常所需学历
- Bachelor's degree
韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）
来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。
| KSCO 代码 | KSCO 名称 | 关系 | 状态 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 23811 | 비행기 조종사 | 本职业范围更窄 | 已确认 |
关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)
国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明
以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。
- ISCO-08 3153Aircraft Pilots and Related Associate Professionals
飞行员及有关助理专业人员
自行翻译
自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。
以下定义、任务和职业示例是 ILO 对该 ISCO-08 职业组的描述，而不是对本职业的描述。
Aircraft pilots and related associate professionals control the operation of mechanical, electrical and electronic equipment, in order to navigate aircraft for transporting passengers, mail and freight, and perform related pre-flight and in-flight tasks.
任务
- (a) flying and navigating aircraft in accordance with established control and operating procedures;
- (b) preparing and submitting flight plan or examining standard flight plan;
- (c) controlling the operation of mechanical, electrical and electronic equipment and ensuring that all instruments and controls work properly;
- (d) applying knowledge of principles and practices of flying in order to identify and solve problems arising in the course of their work;
- (e) examining maintenance records and conducting inspections to ensure that aircraft are mechanically sound, maintenance has been performed and that all equipment is operational.;
- (f) signing necessary certificates and maintaining official records of flight;
- (g) obtaining briefings and clearances before flights and maintaining contact with air traffic or flight control during flight.
职业示例
Aerial crop sprayer · Flight Engineer · Flying instructor · Navigator (flight) · Pilot (aircraft)
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO 职业词汇
以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。
- aircraft pilotESCO 3153.2范围相同
Aircraft pilots control and navigate aircraft. They operate the mechanical and electrical systems of the aircraft and transport people, mail and freight.
- airline transport pilotESCO 3153.2.2.1本职业范围更宽
Airline transport pilots fly large aircrafts with a maximum take-off weight of more than 5700 kilograms, to transport passengers, mail, or freight on long or short-haul flights for leisure, business or commercial purposes. They have the overall responsibility for the safe and efficient operation of aircrafts and the safety of crew and passengers.
- astronautESCO 3153.3本职业范围更宽
Astronauts are crew members commanding spacecrafts for operations beyond low Earth orbit or higher than the regular altitude reached by commercial flights. They orbit the Earth in order to perform operations such as scientific research and experiments, launching or release of satellites, and building of space stations.
- co-pilotESCO 3153.2.1本职业范围更宽
Co-pilots are responsible for assisting captains by monitoring the flight instruments, handling radio communications, watching for air traffic, and taking over for the pilot as needed. They adhere to the pilot's commands, flight plans, and regulations and procedures of aviation national authorities, companies, and airports.
- commercial pilotESCO 3153.2.2本职业范围更宽
Commercial pilots navigate flight of fixed-wing and multi-engine aircrafts for the transport of passengers and cargo.
- flight instructorESCO 3153.2.3本职业范围更宽
Flight instructors train both new and experienced pilots seeking to gain licences or experience in flying new aircraft, how to properly operate an aircraft according to regulations. They teach their students both the theory and practice of how to optimally fly and maintain an airplane, and they observe and evaluate student technique. They also focus on the regulations relating to operational and safety procedures specific to different (commercial) airline aircraft.
- second officerESCO 3153.2.6本职业范围更宽
Second officers are responsible for monitoring and controlling various aircraft systems including fixed-wing and rotary wing. They work in close coordination with the two pilots during all phases of flight. They make pre-flight, inflight, and post flight inspections, adjustments, and minor repairs. They verify parameters such as passenger and cargo distribution, the amount of fuel, aircraft performance, and appropriate engine speed according to instructions of pilots.
- air force pilotESCO 0310.1有重叠，但不相同
Air force pilots operate aircrafts in combat missions, patrol missions, or search and rescue missions. They ensure aircraft maintenance, and communicate with air force bases and other vessels to ensure safety and efficiency in operations.
- helicopter pilotESCO 3153.2.4有重叠，但不相同
Helicopter pilots fly helicopters in order to transport passengers and cargo from one place to another. They plan flights using aeronautical charts and navigation instruments. Prior to departure, they inspect helicopters following checklists to detect leaking hydraulic fluid, inoperative control, low fuel level, or other unsafe conditions.
来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
法国职业分类关联（ROME）
本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。
| ROME 代码 | ROME 名称（法语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| N2102 | Pilote de ligne | 范围相同暂定 |
| N2103 | Pilote instructeur / Pilote instructrice aéronautique | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）
本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| CNO-11 代码 | CNO-11 名称（西班牙语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 3153 | Pilotos de aviación y profesionales afines | 本职业范围更窄暂定 |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
德国职业分类关联（KldB）
本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| KldB 代码 | KldB 名称（德语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 52314 | Piloten/Pilotinnen und Verkehrsflugzeugführer/innen - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | 本职业范围更宽 |
| 52384 | Fahrzeugführer/innen im Flugverkehr (sonstige spezifische Tätigkeitsangabe) - hoch komplexe Tätigkeiten | 本职业范围更宽 |
| 52313 | Piloten/Pilotinnen und Verkehrsflugzeugführer/innen - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | 有重叠，但不相同 |
| 51594 | Führungskräfte - Überwachung und Steuerung des Verkehrsbetriebs | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
日本职业分类关联（JSCO）
本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| JSCO 代码 | JSCO 名称（日语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 624 | 航空機操縦士 | 本职业范围更窄 |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源