Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
Task
βE1 + 0.5 × E2
Keep records and accounts.Details
O*NET Task ID 2185
1.0
Estimate expected food consumption, requisition or purchase supplies, or procure food from storage.Details
O*NET Task ID 2178
0.5
Consult with supervisory staff to plan menus, taking into consideration factors such as costs and special event needs.Details
O*NET Task ID 2181
0.5
Plan and price menu items.Details
O*NET Task ID 2186
0.5
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
Occupation information
ILO occupational description
Cooks
厨师
自行翻译
自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。
Cooks plan, organize, prepare and cook meals, according to recipes or under the supervision of chefs, in hotels, restaurants and other eating places, on board ships, on passenger trains and in private households.
Tasks
(a) planning meals, preparing and cooking foodstuffs;
(b) planning, supervising and coordinating the work of kitchen helpers;
(c) checking the quality of food;
(d) weighing, measuring and mixing ingredients according to recipes and personal judgement;
(e) regulating the temperature of ovens, grills, roasters and other cooking equipment
(f) inspecting and cleaning the kitchen, kitchen equipment and serving areas, to ensure safe and sanitary food handling practices;
(g) operating large-volume cooking equipment such as grills, deep-fat fryers or griddles.
Industrial cooks create new food designs and recipes. They prepare, measure and mix ingredients to prepare foodstuff products. They control and regulate temperatures, monitor cooking process, assign specific baking tasks, and direct workers in task performance.
cookESCO 5120.1
cooks are culinary operatives who are able to prepare and present food, normally in domestic and institutional environments.
diet cookESCO 5120.1.1
Diet cooks prepare and present meals according to special dietary or nutrition needs.
fish cookESCO 5120.1.2
Fish cooks are responsible for preparing and presenting fish dishes using a variety of techniques. They may also prepare the accompanying sauces and purchase fresh fish for these dishes.
grill cookESCO 5120.1.3
Grill cooks prepare and present meat, vegetables and fish using grill equipment such as grills and rotisseries.
Source:European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
Shown in the original Korean. This dataset is published under KOGL Type 4, which prohibits derivative works including translation, so the text is reproduced unaltered.
The KNOW occupations and KECO codes listed here were linked to this page's occupation by this site; this is not a correspondence defined by the Korea Employment Information Service or the Ministry of Employment and Labor.
Projected change: +12.1%
Median wage: $37K
lowest $31Kmedian wage across 825 detailed occupations, BLS EP 2025–35highest $559K
Employment: 1.4M
Typical entry-level education: No formal educational credential
