Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
Task
βE1 + 0.5 × E2
Direct, supervise and evaluate work activities of medical, nursing, technical, clerical, service, maintenance, and other personnel.Details
O*NET Task ID 46
0.5
Establish objectives and evaluative or operational criteria for units managed.Details
O*NET Task ID 47
0.5
Direct or conduct recruitment, hiring, and training of personnel.Details
O*NET Task ID 48
0.5
Develop and maintain computerized record management systems to store and process data, such as personnel activities and information, and to produce reports.Details
O*NET Task ID 49
0.5
Develop and implement organizational policies and procedures for the facility or medical unit.Details
O*NET Task ID 50
0.5
Conduct and administer fiscal operations, including accounting, planning budgets, authorizing expenditures, establishing rates for services, and coordinating financial reporting.Details
O*NET Task ID 51
0.5
Establish work schedules and assignments for staff, according to workload, space, and equipment availability.Details
O*NET Task ID 52
0.5
Monitor the use of diagnostic services, inpatient beds, facilities, and staff to ensure effective use of resources and assess the need for additional staff, equipment, and services.Details
O*NET Task ID 54
0.5
Maintain awareness of advances in medicine, computerized diagnostic and treatment equipment, data processing technology, government regulations, health insurance changes, and financing options.Details
O*NET Task ID 55
0.5
Manage change in integrated health care delivery systems, such as work restructuring, technological innovations, and shifts in the focus of care.Details
O*NET Task ID 56
0.5
Prepare activity reports to inform management of the status and implementation plans of programs, services, and quality initiatives.Details
O*NET Task ID 57
0.5
Plan, implement, and administer programs and services in a health care or medical facility, including personnel administration, training, and coordination of medical, nursing and physical plant staff.Details
O*NET Task ID 58
0.5
Review and analyze facility activities and data to aid planning and cash and risk management and to improve service utilization.Details
O*NET Task ID 61
0.5
Develop or expand and implement medical programs or health services that promote research, rehabilitation, and community health.Details
O*NET Task ID 62
0.5
Develop instructional materials and conduct in-service and community-based educational programs.Details
O*NET Task ID 63
0.5
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
职业信息
国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明
Professional Services Managers Not Elsewhere Classified
其他未列明的专业服务经理
自行翻译
自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。
This unit group covers managers who plan, direct coordinate and evaluate the provision of specialized professional and technical services and are not classified in Minor Group 121: Business Services and Administration Managers, or elsewhere in Minor Group 134: Professional Services Managers. For instance, managers responsible for the provision of policing, corrective, library, legal and fire services are classified here.
任务
In such cases tasks would include -
(a) providing overall direction and management for a service, facility, organization or centre;
(b) developing, implementing and monitoring procedures, policies and standards for staff;
(c) directing, supervising and evaluating the work activities of professional technical, clerical, service, maintenance, and other personnel;
(d) monitoring and evaluating resources devoted to the provision of services;
(e) controlling administrative operations such as budget planning, report preparation, and expenditure on supplies, equipment and services;
(f) planning, directing and coordinating the provision of services;
(g) coordinating cooperation with other service provision agencies in the same or related fields;
(h) managing budgets, controlling expenditure and ensuring the efficient use of resources;
(i) overseeing the selection, training and performance of staff.
职业示例
Archives manager · Art gallery manager · Correctional services manager · Legal service manager · Library manager · Museum manager · Police superintendent · Prison governor
Sport administrators act in a middle management role within sport organisations at all levels, in any sport or country in Europe (e.g. sport clubs, federations, and local authorities). They carry out organisational tasks across a wide range of functions in accordance with the strategy and policies set by management, boards of directors and committees. They play a crucial role in the overall delivery of sport and their work in sport organisations directly impact the unlocking of the potential of the sector in Europe towards health, social inclusion and economy.
library managerESCO 1349.16
Library managers supervise the correct usage of library equipment and items. They manage the provided services of a library and the operation of the departments within a library. Library managers also provide training for new staff members and manage the budget of the library.
commercial art gallery managerESCO 1349.9
Commercial art gallery managers manage the commercial and artistic success of the gallery.
aviation communications and frequency coordination managerESCO 1349.5
Aviation communications and frequency coordination managers are in charge of activities and projects aimed to enable the appropriate communication infrastructure that supports the exchange of information between airspace users.
court administratorESCO 1349.11
Court administrators perform managerial tasks in a court institution, such as supervision of staff, administration, communicating with judges and reviewing procedures. They also manage the court's finances, and oversee maintenance of the facility and equipment.
airside safety managerESCO 1349.1
Airside safety managers supervise the airside operations' safety and security and advise the civil aviation authorities on the airport information systems changes. They write safety analysis reports, ensure compliance with standards and regulations and improve the airside safety procedures.\
\
environmental protection managerESCO 1349.13
Environmental protection managers provide advice on the development of environmental policies to governmental and official institutions. They analyse possible threats for the well being of the people and the environment in a region and manage campaigns aimed at tackling problems such as waste collection, landfills, and preservation of green areas.
rescue centre managerESCO 1349.20
Rescue centre managers supervise operations of a rescue centre, performing administrative duties and supervision of staff. They ensure that the centre operates according to policies and staff perform rescue missions in a safe, efficient and compliant manner.
correctional services managerESCO 1349.10
Correctional services managers manage the operations of a correctional facility. They supervise personnel, develop and oversee correctional procedures, and ensure the operation is compliant with legal regulations. They perform administrative duties and facilitate cooperation with external institutions and staff providing aid to the facility.
interpretation agency managerESCO 1349.15
Interpretation agency managers oversee operations in the delivery of interpretation services. They coordinate the efforts of a team of interpreters who understand and convert spoken communication from one language to another. They ensure the quality of the service and the administration of the interpretation agency.
translation agency managerESCO 1349.23
Translation agency managers oversee operations in the delivery of translation services. They coordinate the efforts of a team of translators who translate written material from one language to another. They ensure the quality of the service and the administration of the translation agency.
aviation surveillance and code coordination managerESCO 1349.6
Aviation surveillance and code coordination manager ensures that all components of surveillance infrastructures, both ground and airborne, operate in a safe, cohesive and interoperable manner.
来源:European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
Shown in the original Korean. This dataset is published under KOGL Type 4, which prohibits derivative works including translation, so the text is reproduced unaltered.
조직체계의 분석 및 평가(95) · 인적자원 관리(92) · 모니터링(Monitoring)(92) · 가르치기(89) · 수리력(89)
Knowledge
경제와 회계(83) · 영어(82) · 경영 및 행정(80) · 사무(77) · 산수와 수학(75)
Work environment
재택근무(96) · 이미지/평판/재정에 미치는 강도(89) · 의사결정 권한(89) · 결과에 대한 책임(89) · 이메일 이용하기(87)
Related occupations
사회복지 관련 관리자 · 초·중·고등학교 교장 및 교감 · 법률·경찰·소방 및 교도 관리자 · 보건 의료 관련 관리자 · 문화·예술 관련 관리자 · 대학교 총장 및 대학학장 · 정보 통신 관련 관리자 · 유치원 원장 및 원감
The KNOW occupations and KECO codes listed here were linked to this page's occupation by this site; this is not a correspondence defined by the Korea Employment Information Service or the Ministry of Employment and Labor.
Projected change: +24.2%
Median wage: $124K
lowest $31Kmedian wage across 825 detailed occupations, BLS EP 2025–35highest $559K
