Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
Task
βE1 + 0.5 × E2
Keep records of work assignments.Details
O*NET Task ID 23470
1.0
Lay out full scale drawings of pipe systems, supports, or related equipment, according to blueprints.Details
O*NET Task ID 23460
0.5
Review blueprints, building codes, or specifications to determine work details or procedures.Details
O*NET Task ID 23475
0.5
Estimate time, material, or labor costs for use in project plans.Details
O*NET Task ID 23477
0.5
Inspect work sites for obstructions or holes that could cause structural weakness.Details
O*NET Task ID 23482
0.5
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
Occupation information
ILO occupational description
Plumbers and Pipe Fitters
管道工和管道装配工
自行翻译
自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。
Plumbers and pipe fitters assemble, install, repair and maintain pipe systems, drains, gutters, ducts and related fittings and fixtures for water, gas, drainage, sewerage, heating cooling and ventilation systems, and for hydraulic and pneumatic equipment.
Tasks
(a) examining blueprints, drawings and specifications to determine the layout of plumbing and ventilation systems and materials required;
(b) measuring, cutting, threading, bending, jointing, assembling, installing, maintaining and repairing pipes, fittings and fixtures of drainage, heating, ventilation, water supply and sewerage systems;
(c) installing gas appliances, dishwashers and water heaters, sinks and toilets using hand and power tools;
(d) laying clay, concrete or cast-iron pipes in ditches to form sewers, drains or water mains, or for other purposes;
(e) inspecting, examining and testing installed systems and pipes, using pressure gauge, hydrostatic testing, observation or other methods.
Sprinkler fitters are responsible for the installation of fire protection systems that sprinkle water. They connect pipes, tubing and the necessary accessories. Sprinkler system installers also test the systems for leaks.
water network operativeESCO 7126.14
Water network operatives maintain pipes and pumping stations used for water supply, waste water removal and sewerage. They perform planned maintenance and repair tasks and clear blockages in pipes and drains.
water conservation technicianESCO 7126.13
Water conservation technicians install systems to recover, filter, store and distribute water from different sources such as rainwater and domestic greywater.
bathroom fitterESCO 7126.1
Bathroom fitters install bathroom elements. They take the necessary measurements, prepare the room, removing old elements if necessary, and install the new bathroom equipment, including the connection of water, gas and sewage pipes and electricity lines.
drain technicianESCO 7126.2
Drain technicians install and maintain drainage equipment used in sewer systems, such as pipes and valves. They analyse the design and ensure the proper installation of the drainage system, and perform maintenance and repair duties.
irrigation technicianESCO 7126.6
Irrigation technicians specialise in the installation, maintenance and repair of sprinklers, pipes and other irrigation systems. They operate machinery used for irrigation systems handling, and ensure compliance with environmental standards.
sewerage network operativeESCO 7126.10
Sewerage network operatives maintain sewerage systems which remove and transport wastewater and sewerage. They inspect pipes, pumping stations, and mains, looking for leaks or other faults, and repair any problems. They clear blockages, and perform maintenance duties, using network maps and specialised software.
heating engineerESCO 7126.4
Heating engineers install and maintain gas, electric, oil, solid-fuel and multiple fuel heating and ventilation equipment as stand-alone heating and ventilation systems or build into machinery and transport equipment. They follow instructions and blueprints, perform maintance on systems, perform safety checks and repair the systems.
sewer construction workerESCO 7126.11
Sewer construction workers install sewer pipes to transport wastewater out of structures and to a body of water or treatment facility. They dig trenches and insert the pipes, making sure they have correct angle and are connected watertigh. Sewer construction workers also construct other elements of sewage infrastructure, such as manholes, and maintain and repair existing systems.
pipeline maintenance workerESCO 7126.7
Pipeline maintenance workers operate different equipment to keep the suitability of the pipelines. They perform checks for deviations and administer chemicals according to the needs and cleaning aim (e.g. corrosion shunning)
septic tank servicerESCO 7126.9
Septic tank servicers clean and maintain septic systems. They repair damages and faults, and ensure the tanks are cleaned and maintained, operating cleaning and maintenance machinery, in compliance with safety procedures.
gas service technicianESCO 7126.3
Gas service technicians install and maintain gas service appliances and systems in facilities or buildings. They install the equipment in accordance with regulations, repair faults, and investigate leaks and other problems. They test the equipment and advise on the use and care of appliances and systems which use gas energy.
Source:European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
Shown in the original Korean. This dataset is published under KOGL Type 4, which prohibits derivative works including translation, so the text is reproduced unaltered.
설치(88) · 고장의 발견.수리(86) · 장비 선정(82) · 신체적 강인성(79) · 기술 설계(78)
Knowledge
건축 및 설계(96) · 기계(85) · 공학과 기술(79) · 안전과 보안(79) · 운송(74)
Work environment
오염물질 노출(99) · 온몸 진동 노출(98) · 위험한 상태 노출(98) · 몸을 구부리거나 비틀기(98) · 위험한 장비 노출(96)
The KNOW occupations and KECO codes listed here were linked to this page's occupation by this site; this is not a correspondence defined by the Korea Employment Information Service or the Ministry of Employment and Labor.
Projected change: +6.8%
Median wage: $64K
lowest $31Kmedian wage across 825 detailed occupations, BLS EP 2025–35highest $559K
Employment: 511K
Typical entry-level education: High school diploma or equivalent
