In-depth analysis and insights on AI automation, career trends, and the evolving workforce.
Explore AI impact analysis organized by industry sector
Deep-dive analysis of AI's impact on specific occupations
Waiters and waitresses face only 7% automation risk — one of the lowest in the economy. QR code menus changed ordering, but human service keeps customers coming back.
Word processors face 71% automation risk — among the highest we track. Document typing is 88% automated and BLS projects -35% decline. Time to plan a transition.
Vocational education teachers face just 22% automation risk. AI handles lesson plans at 55% automation, but you can't learn welding from a chatbot.
Zoologists face 24% automation risk despite 35% AI exposure. Statistical modeling is 62% automated but field observation stays at 15%. +5% BLS growth.
Wildland fire supervisors face 10% automation risk. AI models fire behavior at 55% automation, but directing crews on a burning mountainside requires a human leader.
Valet parking attendants face 26% automation risk today — but the real disruption is not AI software. It is autonomous vehicles that could eliminate the need for anyone to park your car at all.
Utility locators face just 15% automation risk. AI can read GIS maps faster, but someone still has to walk the site, interpret ambiguous signals, and paint the ground before the excavator moves.
Vehicle and equipment cleaners face just 22% automation risk with only 12% AI exposure. When your job is physically removing grime from complex machinery, algorithms have very little to offer.
Victim advocates coordinators face just 20% automation risk. AI handles 65% of case outcome tracking, but the courtroom advocacy and staff training that define this role remain deeply human work.
Tugboat captains have just 9% automation risk — one of the lowest in transportation. Autonomous ships grab headlines, but maneuvering a 4,000-horsepower vessel inches from a supertanker requires something AI cannot replicate.
Video game designers face 30% automation risk. AI generates 65% of game assets and writes dialogue, but designing the experience that keeps players coming back for 200 hours? That is still you.
Virologists face 24% automation risk despite 52% AI exposure. AI sequences genomes in hours and models outbreaks in real time — but someone still has to design the experiments that matter.
Vessel traffic operators face 32% automation risk while 72% of vessel tracking is already AI-powered. The gap reveals a critical truth about maritime safety: watching screens is only half the job.
Victims' advocates face just 16% automation risk — one of the lowest in the legal sector. AI documents cases faster, but holding someone's hand in court is the one thing no algorithm can do.
Treasurers and controllers face 36% automation risk but 50% AI exposure in 2024. Financial reporting is 76% automated, but strategic cash management remains human.
Travel attendants face just 9% automation risk in 2024 with only 13% AI exposure. Passenger safety and in-person service keep this career among the most AI-resistant.
Transportation planners face 28% automation risk but 38% AI exposure in 2024. AI supercharges data analysis at 65% automation while community planning stays deeply human.
Transportation inspectors face 25% automation risk in 2024. AI handles document review at 62%, but physical vehicle inspections remain firmly human at 22%.
Translators face 63% automation risk and 67% AI exposure in 2024. Machine translation has already disrupted the industry. Here is what the numbers say about what comes next.
Training specialists face 25% automation risk but 34% AI exposure in 2024. AI generates course content at 68% automation, but needs assessment and coaching stay human.
Trademark attorneys face 28% automation risk but 55% AI exposure in 2024. AI is revolutionizing clearance searches while legal strategy remains deeply human.
Trade show coordinators face 25% automation risk in 2024. AI helps with logistics, but managing vendors, last-minute crises, and live events keeps humans essential.
Toxicologists face 25% automation risk but 57% AI exposure in 2024. AI is reshaping dose-response analysis while human judgment on safety remains irreplaceable.
Tower crane operators face just 12% automation risk in 2024. The physical demands and split-second judgment of working at height keep AI firmly in the copilot seat.
Title abstractors face 68% automation risk and 63% AI exposure. Public record searching is being transformed by AI, but legal judgment still matters.
Graduate TAs face 42% automation risk -- grading is 75% automatable, but leading discussions is just 15%. AI is reshaping the TA role, not eliminating it.
Switchboard operators face 87% automation risk in 2025 -- one of the highest in our entire database. AI phone systems are not coming. They are already here.
Sustainability specialists face 34% automation risk but +17% BLS growth -- one of the fastest-growing occupations in America. AI is making this career bigger, not smaller.
Survey interviewers face 73% automation risk -- one of the highest we track. BLS projects a brutal -14% decline. With AI chatbots handling surveys at scale, this profession faces an existential threat.
Sushi chefs face a mere 4% automation risk -- one of the lowest scores in our entire database. With +8% BLS growth and deep artisanal tradition, this is the anti-AI job.
Surveillance officers face 35% automation risk as AI-powered cameras reshape loss prevention. With 38% exposure and BLS projecting -3% decline, the profession is evolving fast.
Storyboard artists face 55% automation risk as AI image generation explodes. With 68% AI exposure and BLS projecting -4% job decline, here is what the data actually means for visual storytellers.
Supply chain directors face 38% automation risk with 56% AI exposure. At $133,600 median salary and +6% BLS growth, AI is making this role more powerful, not obsolete.
Substitute teachers face just 15% automation risk. With 550,000 jobs, $34,000 median pay, and BLS projecting +2% growth, here is why classrooms still need a real human at the front.
Stockers face 65% automation risk with inventory tracking at 82% automation. Yet BLS projects +8% growth. Here is what is really happening in warehouses.
STEM education coordinators face 31% automation risk and 48% AI exposure. AI redesigns their assessments but cannot run the lab. BLS projects +10% growth.
Statistical clerks face 74% automation risk and 71% AI exposure. Routine calculations hit 92% automation. This is one of the most at-risk office jobs.
Sports medicine physicians face just 10% automation risk despite 37% AI exposure. AI reads MRIs faster, but the hands-on exam cannot be automated.
SLP assistants face just 22% automation risk. AI helps with documentation but therapy delivery stays hands-on. See the full data analysis.
Special effects artists face 72% AI exposure and 68% automation risk -- one of the highest in creative fields. BLS projects -3% decline. Here is what to do about it.
Sound designers face 54% AI exposure with 36% automation risk. AI-generated SFX libraries are booming, but creative soundscape design remains human. The full breakdown.
Sommelier consultants face 18% automation risk. AI can manage your cellar inventory but cannot taste the wine. Here is what the data shows.
Solar PV installers have just 9% automation risk and 48% projected job growth through 2034. AI helps with site design but cannot climb your roof.
Sociology professors face 30% AI exposure today, rising to 50% by 2028. But the classroom is evolving, not disappearing. Here is what the data actually shows.
Segmental pavers face just 6% automation risk — one of the lowest in our entire database. Here is why bricklaying and paver installation remain firmly in human hands.
Secondary school teachers face 17% automation risk while grading tasks hit 60% automation. With 1.05 million jobs at stake, here is what the data actually reveals about your classroom future.
Ski patrol faces just 8% automation risk while avalanche monitoring hits 45% automation. Here is why AI makes the mountain safer but cannot replace the patroller.
School social workers face just 8% automation risk — among the lowest in our database. But AI is quietly transforming 48% of your documentation work. Here is what that means for your career.
Shipping clerks face 29% automation risk with inventory tracking already 80% automated. BLS projects -4% decline. Here is what 720,000 workers need to know.
Seismologists face 45% AI exposure with 68% automation in data processing. Yet field deployment and hazard interpretation keep automation risk at just 16%. Here is the full picture.
Septic tank servicers face just 3% automation risk — virtually zero. AI handles your scheduling, but it will never pump a tank. Here is what the numbers say.
Securities lawyers face 57% AI exposure — one of the highest among legal professions. Yet automation risk sits at just 22%. The reason reveals everything about AI in high-stakes law.
School principals face just 20% automation risk — leadership can't be automated. But AI handles 70% of admin reporting, freeing 299,200 principals to focus on what matters most: their students.
Renewable energy consultants face just 33% automation risk even as AI transforms ROI modeling (68%). With 10% job growth projected, this might be the safest career bet in the energy transition.
Scheduling coordinators face 61% automation risk — confirmations and reminders are 92% automated. With BLS projecting -5% job decline, this role is shrinking fast. 185,700 workers need a plan.
Scenic painters face just 12% automation risk — one of the lowest in the arts. AI generates concepts fast but painting a 20-foot theater backdrop requires hands no algorithm has. 3,600 artists analyzed.
University registrars face 48% automation risk as AI handles 82% of enrollment processing. But FERPA compliance and institutional policy work keep humans essential. 196,600 jobs analyzed.
School resource officers face just 13% automation risk. AI-powered cameras improve threat detection (42%) but patrolling, mentoring, and crisis response stay at 5-12%. 26,000 SROs analyzed.
Revenue agents face 50% automation risk as AI transforms tax auditing — calculations are 82% automated but field investigations stay at just 20%. What 75,600 tax professionals should know.
Public address announcers face 45% automation risk — one of the highest in live entertainment. AI voice synthesis is already handling routine announcements. But live crowd energy still needs a human voice. What 9,200 announcers need to know.
Prosthodontists face just 10% automation risk despite 32% AI exposure. Digital design tools are transforming workflows, but the hands-on precision of crowns, implants, and dentures keeps this specialty firmly human.
Refuse collectors face just 3% automation risk — the lowest tier in our database. Autonomous trucks are in testing but real-world collection in varied neighborhoods is years from automation. What 131,600 workers should know.
Protective agents face just 8% automation risk — one of the lowest across all occupations. AI surveillance helps, but physical close protection remains fundamentally human. Here is what the data shows for 18,500 security professionals.
Records clerks face 78% automation risk — among the highest of any occupation. AI document management systems are already replacing core filing and classification tasks. Here is what 82,300 workers need to hear.
Can an algorithm teach a kid to shoot a basketball or spot a student struggling with body image? PE teachers face just 10% automation risk — one of the lowest in education.
AI can simulate 10,000 molecular structures before a polymer scientist finishes one lab synthesis. With 20% automation risk but 70% in simulation, this field is transforming fast.
Mail sorting automation has reached 88%. With 72% automation risk and BLS projecting -8% job decline, postal mail sorters face one of the highest displacement risks we track.
With 1.4 million jobs and 22% automation risk, postsecondary teachers face a paradox: AI threatens grading (55%) but BLS projects +8% growth. The professor is not going anywhere.
At 5% automation risk, plasterers are nearly immune to AI disruption. Applying plaster and stucco is a craft that robots cannot master — and the data proves it.
Postmasters face 42% automation risk — high for management. AI handles data analysis (70%) and reports (65%), but the human side of running a post office resists automation.
AI can auto-edit your photos and write captions in seconds. But can it dodge tear gas to capture the image that changes public opinion? Photojournalists face 27% automation risk.
Plasma physicists face 19% automation risk as AI transforms data analysis. But designing experiments with superheated matter requires human ingenuity AI cannot match.
Pipelayers face just 5% automation risk. When your job means digging trenches and connecting pipes 10 feet below street level, AI is not coming for you anytime soon.
At 5% automation risk, pile driver operators are among the most AI-resistant jobs in construction. When you are driving steel into bedrock, algorithms take a back seat.
Phlebotomists face just 14% automation risk and 20% AI exposure in 2025. Venipuncture at 8% automation and +6% BLS growth make this one of healthcare's safest roles.
Personal care aides face just 9% automation risk and 10% AI exposure. BLS projects +21% growth — the highest of any major occupation. AI cannot bathe, dress, or comfort a person.
Payroll clerks face 75% automation risk and 78% AI exposure — with wage calculation already 95% automated. BLS projects -14% decline. Here is what the data means for your career.
Paving equipment operators face just 5% automation risk and 8% AI exposure in 2025. With +4% BLS growth and a median wage of $51,550, this trade is nearly untouchable by AI.
Pathologists' assistants face 22% automation risk and 45% AI exposure in 2025. AI is transforming digital pathology, but gross dissection at 10% automation keeps this role firmly physical.
Patent examiners face 44% automation risk and 58% AI exposure in 2025. AI handles the searching, but the legal authority to grant or deny a patent remains firmly human.
Patent agents face 58% automation risk and 68% AI exposure in 2025 — among the highest in any legal profession. Yet BLS projects +8% growth. The paradox explains the future of knowledge work.
Pastry chefs face just 14% automation risk with only 18% AI exposure in 2025. BLS projects +5% growth. Here is why the artisan kitchen remains one of the safest places to work.
Parole officers face 22% automation risk in 2025, with AI already handling 58% of risk assessments. Yet BLS projects +3% growth. The reason tells you everything about where AI hits walls.
Parking lot attendants face just 16% automation risk in 2025 — far lower than most people assume. But with BLS projecting -8% employment decline, the story is more nuanced than the headline.
Parking attendants face a 62% automation risk — and it is climbing fast. With -12% BLS decline and fee processing already 85% automated, this is one of the most threatened service roles.
Parasitologists face just 17% automation risk — AI supercharges genomic analysis at 58% but cannot replace the wet-lab and fieldwork that defines this specialty.
Paperhangers face just 7% automation risk — among the lowest of any occupation we track. Your hands-on craft is virtually AI-proof, and BLS projects +5% growth.
Paleontologists face just 14% automation risk — but AI is quietly revolutionizing how they classify fossils and map evolutionary trees. Fieldwork remains untouched at 8%.
Hand packers face a 59% automation risk — one of the highest among manual labor roles. With 614,800 workers and a -4% BLS decline, the squeeze is already underway.
Orthodontists face just 14% automation risk — the lowest among dental specialties. AI is revolutionizing diagnostics but cannot replace the hands that straighten your teeth.
Order clerks face an 80% automation risk and -17% projected job decline — the data is stark. Here is what is actually happening and what you can do about it.
Operations directors show just 18% automation risk despite 45% AI exposure. Leadership, judgment, and cross-functional coordination keep this role firmly in human hands.
With 61% AI exposure and a 50% automation risk, online merchants face one of the highest transformation rates in e-commerce. But the 12% growth projection tells a more nuanced story.
Online learning specialists face 54% AI exposure — but with 22% projected job growth, this is one of the rare roles where AI creates more opportunities than it threatens.
Office support workers face 67% automation risk with data entry at 85% automation. BLS projects -10% decline for 258,600 workers. But the human side of office support may be its saving grace.
Office machine operators face 70% automation risk and a projected -15% job decline. With scanning at 80% automation, this is one of the most threatened office roles. Here is what the data shows.
Office clerks face 52% automation risk — and with 2.5 million jobs at stake, this is one of AI's biggest impact zones. The numbers tell a story that is more nuanced than the headlines suggest.
The people who automate office work now face 60% automation risk themselves. AI is reshaping every core task — from document management to workflow rules. Here is what that means for 96,800 specialists.
Oceanographers face just 18% automation risk — but AI is transforming how they process sensor data, build climate models, and study the deep ocean. Here is what the numbers say about this growing field.
Nuclear physicists show 39% AI exposure with 20% automation risk. AI is transforming data analysis and simulations while experimental physics stays firmly in human hands.
Nonrestaurant food servers face just 5% automation risk. From hospital trays to hotel banquets, this physically demanding role remains firmly human despite AI advances.
Neuroscientists face 54% AI exposure but only 24% automation risk. AI is revolutionizing neuroimaging analysis while experimental design and discovery remain deeply human.
Neonatologists face just 10% automation risk despite 36% AI exposure. AI is transforming diagnostics and documentation while life-saving hands-on care remains untouchable.
With just 5% automation risk and 18% projected job growth, nannies are one of the most AI-resistant professions. Here is why human childcare cannot be automated away.
Mycologists face 38% AI exposure and just 17% automation risk. AI classifies species at 56%, but lab and field collection stays at 20%. Growth at +5%.
Musicians and singers face just 19% AI exposure and 15% automation risk. Live performance is only 3% automated. AI changes production, not the stage.
Music teachers face 34% AI exposure and just 20% automation risk. AI grades at 65%, but hands-on instrumental instruction stays at 12%. Your job is safe.
Music composers face 56% AI exposure and 42% automation risk. MIDI mockups hit 75%, but collaborating with directors on emotional tone remains at just 15%.
Music arrangers face 61% AI exposure and 36% automation risk. AI transcribes at 75%, but artistic collaboration with conductors stays at just 15%.
Museum educators face 38% AI exposure and just 18% automation risk. AI creates digital guides at 65%, but leading tours and building community stays deeply human.
Museum curators face just 35% AI exposure and 24% automation risk — among the lowest in cultural professions. AI catalogs at 55%, but curatorial vision stays human.
Municipal clerks face 57% AI exposure and 43% automation risk. AI transcribes meetings at 75% automation, but civic governance demands human judgment and accountability.
Multimedia producers face 54% AI exposure and 42% automation risk. AI handles content review at 55%, but coordinating creative teams stays at just 22% automation.
Multimedia artists face 57% AI exposure and 50% automation risk. AI generates 2D/3D assets at 75% automation, but creative direction and storytelling remain human territory.
Motion graphics designers face 55% AI exposure and 44% automation risk — higher than most creative roles. Compositing and rendering hit 70% automation. Title sequences reach 62%. But brand animation strategy remains at 48%. The designer role is shifting from execution to direction.
Motion graphics artists face 58% AI exposure and 37% automation risk. AI-assisted keyframe creation hits 68% and rendering reaches 72%, but creative concept development stays at 30%. The tools are faster — the vision is still yours.
Montessori teachers face just 37% AI exposure and 13% automation risk — among the most AI-resistant roles in education. Lesson planning reaches 55% automation, but hands-on guidance stays at 18%. The Montessori method itself is the best defense.
Meeting planners face 48% AI exposure and 36% automation risk — but BLS projects a stunning +18% growth through 2034. Venue research hits 52% automation while on-site coordination stays at 15%. The events industry is booming, and AI is fuel, not fire.
Meter readers face a devastating 85% automation risk and 80% AI exposure. Smart meters automate 92% of data collection. BLS projects a -12% decline through 2034. This is one of the clearest cases of AI-driven job displacement in the economy.
Middle school teachers face 34% AI exposure and 24% automation risk — among the lowest in the workforce. Lesson planning hits 55% automation, but classroom management stays at 10%. Anyone who has taught adolescents knows why.
Motorboat operators face just 21% AI exposure and 12% automation risk — among the lowest in all occupations. Navigation stays at 15% automation and engine maintenance at 10%. Physical, outdoor, water-based work remains deeply human.
Meat cutters show just 14% AI exposure and 10% automation risk — among the lowest of any occupation. Even robotic cutting sits at 8% automation. Here is why this physical trade resists AI.
Media planning directors face 63% AI exposure and 39% automation risk. Audience analytics hit 74% automation, while vendor negotiation holds at 28%. The director chair is safe — but the job description is changing.
Mathematicians face 54% AI exposure but only 36% automation risk. AI can run simulations at 68% automation, yet creating original proofs remains deeply human. Here is what the data actually says.
Media buying directors face 63% AI exposure with 40% automation risk. Performance analytics hit 74% automation, yet vendor negotiation stays at 28%. The director role is shifting, not disappearing.
Media planners face a striking 70% AI exposure and 61% automation risk — one of the highest in marketing. Audience analysis hits 80% automation. But the planning role is evolving, not vanishing.
Marine traffic controllers face 56% AI exposure — the highest among maritime operations roles. Radar monitoring is 68% automated, but emergency calls still need a human voice.
Marine oilers face just 14% automation risk — one of the lowest in maritime. AI handles the logs, but nobody's built a robot that can grease a crankshaft in a rolling sea.
Ship mates face just 14% automation risk despite 25% AI exposure. Compliance logs are 55% automated, but crew supervision during docking stays at 12%.
Math professors face 61% AI exposure — among the highest in education. Grading is 72% automated, but live teaching stays at 18%. The classroom isn't going anywhere.
Maritime lawyers face 53% AI exposure, yet automation risk stays at 26%. AI rewrites legal research but can't negotiate a salvage dispute at 2 AM.
Mail sorting automation has hit 80%. If you work as a mail clerk, here is what the data says about your job — and what still needs a human touch.
Marine cargo handlers face just 10% automation risk. Port automation is real, but loading ships still needs human hands. Here is what the data shows.
Makeup artists face just 11% automation risk — one of the lowest in our database. Physical artistry and human connection keep this role remarkably AI-resistant.
Mailroom supervisors face 45% automation risk — lower than their staff. But with tracking at 72% automated and BLS projecting -3% decline, the squeeze is real.
Marine cargo surveyors face 22% automation risk. AI handles documents at 58%, but physical inspections remain at just 12%. The split defines your future.
Loss prevention specialists face a 51% automation risk as AI transforms surveillance monitoring (75%) and transaction analysis (78%). But investigating theft at 30% and training employees at 25% remain firmly human. Here is the full picture.
Locomotive firers face a 39% automation risk — moderate compared to many professions. But with only 1,600 jobs remaining and BLS projecting a -3% decline, the threat is not just AI. It is the slow disappearance of the role itself.
Litigation support specialists face a 55% automation risk — one of the highest in legal professions. E-discovery document processing hits 85% automation, and database management is at 78%. But attorney coordination at 30% is what keeps humans in the loop.
Literary agents face a 33% automation risk as AI reshapes manuscript evaluation (58% automation) and market analysis (72%). But contract negotiation — the skill that earns your commission — sits at just 22%. Here is what the data reveals.
Literacy coaches face just a 26% automation risk, but AI can already analyze reading data at 72% automation. The twist? The most important part of the job — modeling instruction — sits at only 18%. Here is what that means for your career.
Library assistants face a 57% automation risk and 60% AI exposure, with cataloging at 78% automation. But BLS projects -8% decline for different reasons than you might think.
Legal support workers face a 50% automation risk and 61% AI exposure. Legal research hits 78% automation — but human judgment on case strategy remains essential. Here is what the numbers really mean.
License clerks face a 72% automation risk and 67% AI exposure — one of the highest among office occupations. With BLS projecting -9% decline, here is what the data means for your career.
Light rail operators face only a 33% automation risk despite autonomous train technology. With trip data logging at 82% but vehicle operation at just 25%, the story is more complex than headlines suggest.
Limnologists face only a 17% automation risk — one of the lowest among scientific occupations. AI enhances data analysis at 60% but cannot replace fieldwork at 10%. Here is why.
Legal mediators face 26% automation risk — moderate by legal standards. AI excels at case research (72% automation) but cannot read a room or build trust between hostile parties. Here is the full picture.
Learning experience designers face 44% automation risk and 60% AI exposure. AI can build entire course modules now — but the designers who adapt are thriving. Here is what the data reveals.
Laundry workers face just 14% automation risk — one of the lowest we track. AI struggles with fabric, stains, and physical handling. But the job market is shrinking anyway.
Labor economists face 46% automation risk and 58% AI exposure — among the highest in social science. The professionals who study workforce disruption are now living it. Here is what their own data says.
Kindergarten teachers face just 19% automation risk — one of the lowest in education. But AI is quietly changing lesson planning behind the scenes. Here is what the data says about your classroom.
With 85% automation on citation verification and 82% on precedent research, judicial law clerks face high AI exposure. But the role is evolving, not vanishing. BLS projects +2% growth.
AI can now translate in real time with 72% automation on routine interpretation. But cultural nuance, emotional tone, and high-stakes communication still need a human voice. Here is what interpreters should know.
With just 6% automation risk and 8% AI exposure, janitors and cleaners are among the most AI-resistant occupations. Here is why 2.3 million cleaning jobs are not going anywhere.
With 74% automation risk and 88% of data entry tasks already automatable, inventory clerks face one of the steepest AI displacement curves in office work. BLS projects a -7% decline through 2034.
AI can review case law at 60% automation, but presiding over trials sits at just 3%. With 35% automation risk, judges face augmentation rather than replacement. Here is what the data shows.
Information clerks face a 48% automation risk and 58% AI exposure by 2025. With phone and email inquiries at 72% automation potential, this role is transforming fast — but not disappearing.
IP lawyers face 40% automation risk and 59% AI exposure — but prior art searches hit 78% automation. With BLS projecting +8% growth, this legal specialty is evolving, not vanishing.
Intelligence operations specialists face 38% automation risk and 48% AI exposure. Data analysis hits 65% automation, but human judgment in threat assessment remains irreplaceable.
Intermodal dispatchers face 51% automation risk and 61% AI exposure. Container tracking hits 78% automation and BLS projects -3% decline. But coordination with humans keeps this role alive.
Industrial machinery mechanics face just 13% automation risk — and the BLS projects 16% growth. AI is changing diagnostics, but skilled hands remain essential.
Hydrologists face 28% automation risk but 62% of flood modeling is already AI-assisted. The field is transforming, not shrinking. Here is what you need to know.
HVAC mechanics face just 8% automation risk — one of the lowest we track. But AI is quietly changing how diagnostics work. Here is what the numbers reveal.
Immunologists face 22% automation risk but 72% of literature review is AI-assisted. AI is not replacing scientists — it is making them dramatically faster.
Ice cream makers face just 18% automation risk. AI can help with quality monitoring, but flavor creation and hands-on production stay firmly artisanal.
Restaurant hosts face 30% automation risk as reservation management hits 70% automation. But the greeting still needs a human smile.
Plumber and pipelayer helpers face just 4% automation risk — one of the lowest of any occupation. Here is what the data reveals about AI and the skilled trades.
Home economics professors face 22% automation risk — but syllabus creation is already 55% automated while lab supervision stays at 10%. The classroom is splitting in two.
HR assistants face 49% automation risk with record-keeping at 85% automation. This is one of the most vulnerable office roles. Here is the full picture.
Hoist and winch operators face 18% automation risk, but documentation tasks are already 58% automated. Here is what is changing and what is not.
With just 12% automation risk, hazmat removal workers are among the safest jobs from AI disruption. The real story is what AI can and cannot do when toxic materials are involved.
Electrician helpers face just 5% automation risk — one of the lowest we track across 1,000+ occupations. Here is why physical trades remain the ultimate AI shelter.
Hearing officers face 33% automation risk and 57% AI exposure — among the highest in legal professions. Case file review is already 68% automatable. Here is what that means.
Head cooks face only 10% automation risk — one of the lowest in the food service industry. AI can help with menus and costs, but it cannot lead a kitchen.
Harbor pilots have just 12% automation risk — the lowest in our transportation category analysis. Here is why guiding ships through harbors remains stubbornly human.
Grant writers face 67% AI exposure and 50% automation risk — the highest among writing professions. But organizations still cannot fund themselves without human persuasion.
GIS specialists face 51% AI exposure — but the real story is how spatial intelligence is becoming more valuable, not less. Here is what the data shows for 2025.
Grounds maintenance workers have just 15% automation risk — among the lowest of any occupation. Here is why the 1.17 million people in this field are safer than most.
Harbor patrol officers face just 13% automation risk. AI enhances surveillance and reporting, but physical patrol and emergency response stay firmly in human hands.
Geriatricians face 38% AI exposure but only 12% automation risk -- among the lowest in medicine. Drug interaction checking hits 65% automation. Full analysis.
Geomorphologists face 39% AI exposure but only 15% automation risk. Remote sensing analysis is 62% automated, yet field mapping stays at 8%. Here is what the data means for your career.
Geophysicists face 45% AI exposure but only 20% automation risk. Seismic data processing hits 65% automation while field surveys stay at 15%. What the numbers mean.
Geoscientists face 40% AI exposure and 28% automation risk. Satellite imagery analysis hits 62% automation, but field surveys remain at 12%. Full analysis inside.
Gifted education teachers face 40% AI exposure but only 15% automation risk. Lesson planning hits 52% automation while mentoring stays at 18%. Full breakdown.
Geography professors face 34% AI exposure with just 24% automation risk. AI is reshaping course prep and grading, but the classroom itself remains a fundamentally human space.
With just 18% automation risk and 41% overall AI exposure, geochemists sit in a sweet spot where AI amplifies lab analysis while fieldwork and interpretation stay resolutely human.
AI can analyze a genome in hours instead of months. But with 51% exposure and only 25% automation risk, geneticists are being supercharged by AI, not replaced by it.
An automation risk of just 9% makes garde manger chefs among the most AI-resistant professionals we track. When your job is sculpting a terrine that makes diners gasp, no algorithm is coming for your knife.
AI can flag a suspicious hand in milliseconds, but catching a cheating ring takes human instinct. With 48% AI exposure and just 38% automation risk, casino surveillance is changing fast without losing its human core.
Freight forwarders face 57% AI exposure and 42% automation risk in 2025. Customs documentation is 72% automated, route optimization hits 65%. But negotiating with carriers across borders stays at 30%. Here is why complexity is your best defense.
Forest fire inspectors face 38% AI exposure in 2025, but their automation risk sits at just 30%. Satellite imagery analysis is 65% automated -- yet on-site forest inspections remain at 12%. Here is what the data means for this critical protective role.
Fraud examiners face 53% AI exposure and 40% automation risk in 2025. AI-powered monitoring already automates 78% of pattern detection -- but interviewing witnesses and suspects sits at just 12%. The human investigator is not going anywhere.
Freight brokers face 58% automation risk in 2025, one of the highest in transportation. Load matching is already 78% automated, documentation hits 80%. With BLS projecting -2% decline, this role is under serious pressure.
Fundraisers face 38% AI exposure and just 28% automation risk in 2025. Donor data analysis is 68% automated, but cultivating donor relationships stays at 20%. With 4% BLS growth, this is a career where human connection wins.
Forensic pathologists face just 14% automation risk despite earning $223,410 median pay. AI reads tissue slides faster, but the autopsy itself stays human. Full data breakdown.
At 30% automation risk and 54% AI exposure, forensic document examiners face the highest AI impact in forensic sciences. Handwriting comparison is 65% automated. Here is the full picture.
At 27% automation risk and 40% AI exposure, forensic chemists face moderate transformation. AI runs the spectrometers faster, but chain of custody still needs human hands.
Forensic anthropologists face just 14% automation risk despite 37% AI exposure. AI excels at 3D skeletal imaging but cannot walk a recovery site. Here is what the numbers reveal.
Food truck operators face just 13% automation risk -- one of the lowest in any industry. But behind the counter, AI is quietly reshaping inventory and payments. Here's what the data actually says.
Food preparation workers face just 12% AI exposure and 16% automation risk. Most tasks resist automation because they require physical dexterity, sensory judgment, and constant adaptation to variable ingredients.
Food styling specialists face 36% AI exposure but only 19% automation risk. AI handles trend research at 52%, yet hands-on food styling sits at just 10% -- physical artistry is irreplaceable.
Food service supervisors face just 12% AI exposure and 10% automation risk. Inventory management hits 60% automation, but supervising actual food preparation sits at 5% -- leading people remains a human job.
Food safety specialists face 47% AI exposure but only 24% automation risk. Lab data analysis hits 65% automation, yet on-site inspections remain at 18% -- the human eye catches what sensors miss.
Food roasting machine operators face 50% AI exposure and 47% automation risk. Temperature monitoring is 72% automated by IoT sensors, making this the most AI-transformed role in food processing.
Food cooking machine operators face just 14% automation risk with low AI exposure. Temperature monitoring leads the change but physical operation stays human. Full analysis for 42,600 workers.
Food batchmakers face 20% automation risk with medium AI exposure. Quality monitoring and data recording lead the change. Here is the full picture for 68,200 workers.
Foley artists face 41% automation risk — the highest among sound professions. AI audio tools can generate effects, but physical performance stays irreplaceable. The full breakdown.
Floral designers face just 11% automation risk, but BLS projects a -9% job decline through 2034. AI handles inventory — your artistic eye remains irreplaceable. Here is what to know.
Floor layers face just 5% automation risk — one of the lowest across 1,016 occupations. BLS projects 10% job growth through 2034. Here is what the data really means for your career.
Fitness trainers face just 7% automation risk — the lowest we have seen in any service role. AI apps track progress at 35%, but motivation and form correction remain human.
Fish and game wardens face 11% automation risk. AI is transforming wildlife monitoring at 42% — but patrolling remote wilderness? That is still a human job.
Fire station captains face only 10% automation risk. AI handles paperwork at 52% automation — but leading crews into burning buildings? That stays human.
With just 11% automation risk and 10% projected job growth, fire sprinkler installers are among the most AI-resistant trades. But AI is quietly changing one part of the job.
Fire safety educators face just 15% automation risk — but AI is already transforming how they build training materials. Here is what that means for your career.
Fire marshals face just 17% automation risk. AI is transforming report review and data analysis, but on-site investigations remain at just 15% automation. Here is what the numbers say.
Fire inspectors face a 26% automation risk. AI is transforming permit processing and document review, but on-site inspections remain at just 10% automation. Here is what the data shows.
Fine artists face a 22% automation risk — far lower than most creative occupations. AI can generate images, but physical creation remains at just 12% automation. Here is what the data actually shows.
Executive secretaries face a 73% automation risk and a projected 20% decline in jobs by 2034. Calendar management is already 88% automated. But the role is not disappearing — it is transforming.
Excavating machine operators face just 15% automation risk — one of the lowest in all occupations. But AI-guided GPS grading is already changing how you read site plans. Here is what the data shows for your career.
Film editors face 57% AI exposure and 45% automation risk in 2025. Audio sync hits 70% automation and rough-cut assembly reaches 62%. But the creative editorial decision — the soul of editing — stays human.
File clerks face 82% AI exposure and 79% automation risk — among the highest of any occupation. Document classification is 92% automated. BLS projects -15% job decline through 2034. What you need to know.
Ferry boat operators face 24% AI exposure and 13% automation risk in 2025. Navigation AI reaches 35% automation, but passenger safety oversight stays at 10%. The autonomous vessel debate, explained with data.
Fence erectors face just 7% AI exposure and 5% automation risk — among the lowest of any occupation we track. Physical installation sits at 3-4% automation. Here is why this trade remains firmly human.
Family law attorneys face 57% AI exposure and 26% automation risk in 2025. Legal research is 78% automatable, but courtroom advocacy stays at 15%. Here is what that means for your career.
Export compliance specialists face a 52% automation risk. AI excels at screening and classification but regulatory judgment in sanctions, dual-use goods, and geopolitical risk stays human.
Explosives workers face just 15% automation risk — among the lowest of any occupation. AI improves blast modeling but the physical, safety-critical nature of demolition keeps humans in control.
Expeditors face a 62% automation risk — one of the highest in transportation logistics. Order tracking and shipment coordination are already heavily automated. Here is what the data shows.
Exhibit designers face a 38% automation risk as AI transforms rendering and layout planning. But the physical, spatial, and storytelling dimensions of exhibit design remain stubbornly human.
Event security coordinators face a 28% automation risk — well below average. AI enhances surveillance but physical crowd control and split-second threat assessment remain deeply human skills.
Environmental lawyers face 34% automation risk — but AI already automates 75% of regulatory research. With ESG demand surging, here is what the data actually shows.
Escrow officers face 37% automation risk with 85% of fee calculations already automated. But the human side of closing deals tells a different story.
Entomologists have a 14% automation risk — one of the lowest in science. But AI is transforming species identification at 55% automation. Here is what the data really shows.
ESL instructors face 22% automation risk — but AI already generates 65% of learning materials. The human magic of language teaching is harder to replicate than you think.
Event caterers face just 12% automation risk — one of the lowest in any profession. AI handles invoicing at 70% but cooking sits at 8%. Here is the full picture.
911 dispatchers face 39% AI exposure but only 26% automation risk in 2025. Crisis communication requires human judgment AI cannot replicate.
Eligibility interviewers face 56% AI exposure and 44% automation risk in 2025 — but the human judgment behind benefit decisions keeps this role essential.
Emergency medicine physicians have just 26% AI exposure and 8% automation risk in 2025. Here is why the ER remains deeply human territory.
ER physicians face 35% AI exposure but only 10% automation risk in 2025. The chaos of the emergency room keeps this role firmly human.
Employment law attorneys face 55% AI exposure but only 24% automation risk in 2025. AI is reshaping legal research, not courtroom advocacy.
Emergency preparedness specialists face 44% AI exposure and 34% automation risk in 2025. Disaster planning needs human judgment AI cannot provide.
Elder law attorneys face 33% automation risk with 48% AI exposure. Estate plan drafting reaches 62% automation, but guardianship proceedings and elder abuse cases remain firmly human. +5% BLS growth.
Educational diagnosticians face just 22% automation risk with 40% AI exposure. Test scoring hits 65% automation, but behavioral observation and student interviews remain almost entirely human.
Educational assessment specialists face 54% automation risk with 64% AI exposure. Statistical analysis reaches 82% automation, but validating fairness and reliability keeps human expertise essential.
Educational testing specialists face 44% automation risk with 56% AI exposure. Statistical analysis reaches 72% automation, but test design integrity and fairness validation keep humans essential.
Education program directors face 30% automation risk with 41% AI exposure. Curriculum development reaches 52% automation, but strategic leadership and stakeholder relationships remain firmly human.
Ecologists face just 20% automation risk despite 65% of species data analysis being automated. The field — literally — belongs to humans.
Door-to-door fundraisers have just 26% automation risk despite AI handling 68% of donor data processing. The reason is simple — trust cannot be automated.
Early intervention specialists have just 10% automation risk. AI helps with paperwork but cannot replace the hands-on therapy that transforms children's lives.
Education counselors face 26% automation risk. AI automates 78% of record-keeping but the counseling session itself — empathy, trust, guidance — remains deeply human.
Document controllers face 63% automation risk as AI handles 82% of version control tasks. But compliance oversight still needs you — here is what the data reveals for 2025 and beyond.
Only 12% automation risk — one of the lowest we track. But AI drones and satellite analysis are transforming how relief teams assess damage. Here is what the numbers reveal.
At 70% automation in workforce diversity analysis, AI is transforming how DEI officers work with data. But advising leadership and building inclusive culture stays deeply human.
Vehicle tracking is already 75% automated and route scheduling is at 62%. With a -3% BLS growth outlook, transportation dispatchers face real pressure. But disruption response still needs humans.
An automation risk of just 8% makes dishwashing one of the least AI-exposed jobs we track. The economics of restaurant kitchens explain why.
At 50% AI exposure and 74% automation in enrollment analytics, this role is being reshaped fast. But faculty training and program design keep it human — and BLS projects +8% growth.
At 19% automation risk and just 14% AI exposure, dry cleaning workers have one of the lowest AI disruption profiles of any job — but the industry faces a different threat entirely.
At just 18% automation risk, dredge operators are among the most AI-resistant equipment jobs in America. Depth monitoring is getting smarter, but controlling a dredge still needs human hands.
Drone operators face 42% automation risk and 50% AI exposure — yet the BLS projects +7% job growth. The catch: AI is redefining what it means to fly drones professionally.
Cargo tracking is already 72% automated, but loading and securing freight stays stubbornly manual. Dock workers face 40% automation risk — and a fierce labor battle over what comes next.
AI can already build better playlists than most humans — at 62% automation for music curation. But here is the thing: nobody has ever danced to an algorithm's energy. DJs face a 31% automation risk overall.
With 66% automation risk and 78% automation in concept art generation, digital illustration faces the sharpest AI disruption of any creative profession. Here is what the data says — and what illustrators can do about it.
Setting tables, clearing plates, refilling water glasses — at just 8% automation risk, dining room attendants have one of the most AI-resistant jobs in the entire economy.
AI can analyze a food diary in seconds and generate meal plans instantly. But with only 20% automation risk, dietitians are far safer than most healthcare workers expect.
With only 10% automation risk, detention officers face one of the lowest AI threats in any profession. But the 52% automation rate for intake processing tells a more nuanced story.
AI can analyze a dialect in minutes, but it cannot sit across from an actor and coax a convincing accent out of them. With 55% automation in research and just 8% in coaching, dialect coaching is splitting in two.
Desktop publishers face 61% automation risk with 71% AI exposure. Page layout is 78% automated, graphics prep is 72%, and proofreading is 75%. BLS projects -12% decline. The numbers tell a hard truth.
Demonstrators face 25% automation risk with 30% AI exposure. Live product demos are only 12% automated and customer engagement sits at 10%. But promotional materials hit 55%. Here is the full picture.
Demolition workers face just 8% automation risk with 15% AI exposure. Operating heavy machinery is only 10% automated. Physical demolition work remains firmly in human hands.
Customer experience directors face 39% automation risk with 51% AI exposure. NPS and CSAT tracking is 82% automated, but cross-team leadership stays at 20%. The strategic core remains human.
Curriculum coordinators face 26% automation risk with 55% AI exposure. Student data analysis is 70% automated, but leading teacher training stays at 20%. Here is what the numbers actually mean.
Crystallographers face 25% automation risk despite 51% AI exposure. Structure solving is 72% automated thanks to AI tools like AlphaFold, but sample prep stays at 15%. The field is evolving, not disappearing.
Cryptographers face 28% automation risk with 44% AI exposure. Vulnerability analysis hits 48% automation, but post-quantum research stays at 30%. With 26% BLS job growth projected, this field is booming.
Criminal defense lawyers face 22% automation risk despite 50% AI exposure. Legal research hits 75% automation, but courtroom representation stays at 10%. Here is what the shift means for defense practices.
Criminal defense attorneys face just 17% automation risk despite 47% AI exposure. Evidence review hits 58% automation, but plea negotiation and courtroom advocacy remain at 8-10% — deeply human territory.
College admissions counselors face 42% automation risk by 2025 with 53% AI exposure. Application screening is 72% automated, yet campus tours and personal counseling remain irreplaceably human.
Creative directors face 25% automation risk despite 48% overall AI exposure. With 45% brief-writing automation but only 18% for client presentations, here is why creative leadership remains deeply human.
Craft artists have just 9% automation risk — one of the lowest we track across 1,000+ jobs. With only 8% automation on core handcrafting work, here is why physical artistry remains an AI-proof career.
Correspondence clerks face a staggering 69% automation risk with 88% letter-drafting automation. With 73% overall AI exposure already in 2025, this is one of the most vulnerable office roles we track.
Court liaison counselors face just 28% automation risk despite 62% report-writing automation. With 118,400 jobs and 5% projected growth, here is why this legal counseling role is safer than you think.
Counter attendants face 39% automation risk with 72% order-processing automation. But physical food service stays at 18%. With 485,600 jobs, here is what the data says.
Costume designers have just 16% automation risk. AI handles 65% of historical research but only 8% of physical construction. Here is what the data reveals about this creative career.
Cosmochemists face just 20% automation risk — but AI is transforming their computational modeling at 52%. With only 1,900 jobs and +4% growth, this niche is evolving, not disappearing.
With 71% AI exposure and 82% automation on drafting tasks, correspondence secretaries are among the most AI-affected admin roles. BLS projects -15% through 2034.
Correspondence clerks face 80% automation risk with 90% of template work already automatable. BLS projects -12% decline through 2034 — here is what the numbers mean for your career.
Correctional treatment specialists face 34% AI exposure and just 24% automation risk. Case reports are getting automated — but the face-to-face work of rehabilitation? The data says that stays human.
Correctional supervisors face just 29% AI exposure and a 13% automation risk — one of the lowest in any occupation we track. Here is why prisons are not going to run themselves anytime soon.
Corporate treasurers face 53% AI exposure with cash flow forecasting at 72% automation. But negotiating a billion-dollar credit facility? That is 15% automated. The data tells a tale of two roles.
Corporate governance attorneys face 53% AI exposure, with legal research hitting 72% automation. But advising the board in a heated governance meeting? Just 10%. Here is what the data says about your future.
Corporate communications directors face 63% AI exposure — and AI already drafts press releases at 78% automation. But the boardroom crisis call? That is still entirely yours.
Cooks have just 8% AI exposure and 5% automation in food preparation. With 1.5 million jobs and +6% growth, this is one of the most AI-resistant careers in America.
Contract specialists face 56% AI exposure with 88% automation in milestone tracking — but negotiation sits at just 20%. The data reveals where human value actually lives.
Contract review specialists face 62% AI exposure and 88% automation in template comparison. This legal role is among the most disrupted — but not for the reasons you think.
Content strategists face 58% AI exposure yet BLS projects +9% growth. The paradox: AI automates 80% of performance measurement but cannot decide what is worth measuring.
Concept artists face 62% AI exposure and 75% automation in initial sketching — yet the role demands something AI still cannot deliver. Here is what the numbers actually say.
Computational linguists face 73% AI exposure and 48% automation risk. They literally build the AI that automates their tasks. But the BLS projects +23% growth. Here is why that paradox makes perfect sense.
Commodities traders face 63% AI exposure with market data analysis at 75% automation. But the traders who survive are not the ones fighting AI — they are the ones wielding it.
Commercial photographers face 53% AI exposure with product image generation at 82% automation. The BLS projects a -4% decline. But the story is more nuanced than the headlines suggest.
Commercial divers face just 18% AI exposure and 14% automation risk — among the lowest of any profession. Here is why the ocean floor remains stubbornly human territory.
Color graders face 58% AI exposure but only 40% automation risk. AI automates color matching at 68%, yet the creative eye that defines a film's visual soul stays human.
Chief Sustainability Officers face 35% AI exposure and just 18% automation risk. AI handles 72% of ESG data compilation, but setting strategy and engaging stakeholders remain fundamentally human tasks.
Chief Risk Officers face 50% AI exposure with just 18% automation risk. AI handles 72% of risk data analysis, but leading governance committees and designing mitigation strategies remain deeply human tasks.
Claims Processing Clerks face 65% AI exposure and a stark 55% automation risk. With claim processing at 82% and payment calculations at 78% automated, BLS projects an 18% job decline through 2034.
Civil Litigation Attorneys face 50% AI exposure with 24% automation risk. AI handles 74% of legal research and 62% of document drafting, but courtroom advocacy stays at just 12%.
Climate Scientists face 45% AI exposure and 28% automation risk. AI runs 70% of climate simulations and 65% of satellite analysis, but advising policymakers stays at just 20%.
Catering coordinators face just 18% automation risk despite 34% AI exposure. Menu planning hits 45% automation, yet on-site logistics and vendor negotiations remain firmly human at 18% and 28%.
Chief Operating Officers face just 18% automation risk despite 48% AI exposure. Operational KPI analysis hits 68% automation, but strategic planning and cross-functional leadership stay at 12%. BLS projects +3% growth.
Chief Information Officers face 24% automation risk but 45% AI exposure. IT budget management is 62% automated and tech evaluation hits 55%. Yet strategic leadership and digital transformation remain firmly human. BLS projects +11% growth.
Ceiling tile installers face just 12% automation risk and 18% AI exposure. Blueprint reading is 38% automated, but physical installation work stays at 10-15%. One of the safest construction jobs from AI.
Institution and cafeteria cooks face only 12% automation risk with 15% AI exposure. Inventory management leads at 42% automation, but hands-on cooking remains almost untouched by AI.
Carpet installers face just 12% automation risk and 16% AI exposure — among the lowest of all 1,000+ occupations we track. The physical work of cutting and stretching carpet sits at only 5% automation.
Cartographers face 40% automation risk and 53% AI exposure. Satellite imagery processing hits 72% automation, but field surveys stay at 30%. This augment role is growing, not shrinking.
Cashiers face 64% automation risk and 62% AI exposure — one of the highest in retail. Payment processing is 90% automated, item scanning 85%. BLS projects a stark -10% decline through 2034.
Casino hosts face only 26% automation risk and 36% AI exposure. Player data analysis is 62% automated, but VIP relationship management — the heart of the role — sits at just 18%.
Cargo shipping agents face 50% automation risk and 58% AI exposure. Shipment tracking is 80% automated, documentation hits 75%, but customs coordination remains firmly human at 45%.
Cargo and freight agents face 50% automation risk with 63% AI exposure — among the highest in logistics. Shipment tracking hits 82% automation and documentation reaches 75%, while carrier coordination stays at 35%.
Camera operators face just 22% automation risk, but AI is already handling 48% of post-production footage selection. The physical craft stays human. The editing workflow is transforming fast.
Campus police officers face 23% automation risk with 33% AI exposure. AI handles 65% of surveillance monitoring, but patrolling at 10% and emergency response at 8% remain firmly human.
Canal pilots face just 15% automation risk with 20% overall AI exposure. Transit logs are 60% automated and navigation monitoring hits 48%, but maneuvering vessels through narrow passages stays at 8%.
Cardiac sonographers face 24% automation risk with 47% AI exposure. AI-powered report generation hits 68% and image interpretation reaches 60%, but patient positioning stays at 15%. Demand is booming with +10% growth projected.
Calligraphers face 26% automation risk with 47% AI exposure — the highest in this batch. AI tools are transforming digital layout design at 58% automation, but hand-lettering at 12% remains a deeply human craft.
Cafeteria cooks face just 7% automation risk and 12% AI exposure — among the safest jobs from AI in our entire database. Cooking large batches at 4% automation is nearly untouchable by technology.
Butchers face 20% automation risk with just 16% AI exposure. AI-powered inventory systems are changing the back office, but cutting meat to customer specs at 15% automation remains a deeply physical, skilled trade.
Building maintenance workers face just 17% automation risk with 24% AI exposure. AI streamlines work orders and predictive scheduling, but hands-on repair work at 8% automation remains firmly human territory.
Building cleaning supervisors face just 16% automation risk with 18% AI exposure. AI is transforming inventory ordering and shift scheduling, but quality inspections and staff training remain firmly human.
Buffet attendants have just 10% automation risk and 14% AI exposure — among the lowest in our database. Physical service work remains firmly in human hands.
Brokerage clerks face one of the highest automation risks we track — 82%. Trade processing and tax computation are already 85-90% automated. Here is what the data means.
Broadcast journalists face 44% automation risk as AI transforms research and scriptwriting. But live reporting and on-location journalism remain at just 12% automation.
Broadcast announcers face 42% automation risk as AI-generated voices and playlist algorithms reshape radio. But live interaction and audience connection remain irreplaceable.
Bridge inspectors face just 19% automation risk — one of the lowest among engineering roles. But AI-powered drones and sensors are already changing how inspections happen.
Brickmasons face just 6% automation risk and 9% AI exposure — among the lowest in our dataset of 1,000+ occupations. Laying bricks is 4% automated. Here is why the trades are the ultimate hedge against AI.
Brand ambassadors face just 19% automation risk and 27% AI exposure. AI generates social content at 52% automation, but live product demos sit at 8%. The human face of marketing is safe — for now.
Border patrol agents face just 14% automation risk and 22% AI exposure. Surveillance tech hits 50% automation, but physical patrol and enforcement remain firmly human at 15%. Here is what the data says.
Bookmakers face 69% automation risk and 65% AI exposure. Odds calculation is already 88% automated. But the human side of gambling operations tells a different story.
Book editors face 48% automation risk and 57% AI exposure in 2025. Copyediting hits 75% automation, but developmental feedback sits at just 38%. The gap reveals where human editors remain irreplaceable.
Billing specialists face 73% automation risk and 71% AI exposure. Report generation hits 90% automation. But client communication at 52% shows where humans still win.
Billing and posting clerks face 79% automation risk and 82% AI exposure. Invoice generation is 90% automated. But 419,000 people still hold this role — here is why.
Bill collectors face a 72% automation risk and 76% AI exposure. Automated notices hit 92%. Here is what the numbers mean for the 230,000 people still in the role.
Beverage directors face just 10% automation risk with 28% AI exposure. Cost analytics are changing, but wine curation and staff training remain deeply human.
Banquet servers face just 21% automation risk and 25% AI exposure. With physical service at the core of the job, here is what the data actually shows about AI and event staffing.
Banquet captains face just 15% automation risk with the lowest task automation at 8%. Live event coordination and guest management remain firmly human. Plus, BLS projects +6% growth.
Baggage porters and bellhops face just 5% automation risk — among the lowest of all 1,016 occupations we track. Physical luggage handling is nearly immune to AI. But the industry is shifting.
Automotive service attendants face just 26% automation risk with only 15% AI exposure. Self-service kiosks handle payments, but the physical work stays human. Here is the full picture.
One core task for automotive service advisors already hits 70% automation. But with overall risk at 30% and BLS projecting growth, the real story is about transformation, not replacement.
With just 8% automation risk and 16% AI exposure, automotive body repairers hold one of the most AI-resistant positions in the entire labor market. Here is what the numbers actually mean for your career.
Auto mechanics face just 12% automation risk — one of the lowest across 1,016 occupations. AI reads the codes, but your mechanic still has to get under the hood.
Audio describers face 42% automation risk as AI script generation hits 65%. But conveying the emotional weight of a silent film scene to someone who cannot see it? That requires a human storyteller.
Atmospheric scientists face 42% automation risk as AI weather models hit 75% automation for numerical prediction. But interpreting what the forecast means for human lives? That stays human.
Athletic directors face just 15% automation risk even as AI automates 55% of budget management. The reason? You cannot recruit a star athlete with an algorithm.
Art teachers face just 18% automation risk despite 50% of curriculum planning being AI-assisted. Here is why the hands that guide a student's first brushstroke remain irreplaceable.
Physical restoration of artifacts sits at just 6% automation — one of the lowest rates across all 1,016 occupations. Here is why art conservation is remarkably AI-resistant.
AI can write appraisal reports at 65% automation — but examining a painting's brushwork up close? Just 18%. Here is what the data says about AI and art valuation.
Only 5% of physically guarding currency can be automated. But with BLS projecting -8% job decline, the real threat is not AI — it is digital payments.
AI can catalog materials at 62% automation — but can it truly understand what makes a faded letter from 1943 historically significant? Here is what archivists need to know.
AI can research case law at 72% automation, but conducting a mediation session? Just 15%. Here is what arbitrators and mediators actually need to know about AI in 2025.
Appointment schedulers face 76% automation risk in 2025 — one of the highest among all occupations we track. With 85-92% automation in core tasks and BLS projecting -12% job decline, this role is already being reshaped.
Appellate lawyers face 58% AI exposure in 2025 — the highest among legal specialties we track. AI is already writing first drafts of briefs. But the art of persuasion before a panel of judges? That is still all you.
Antitrust lawyers face 53% AI exposure but only 24% automation risk. AI is transforming how they analyze markets and draft documents — but the strategic and courtroom work remains irreplaceably human.
Animal welfare inspectors face 15% automation risk in 2025. AI can help with paperwork, but on-site inspections and cruelty investigations remain firmly in human hands.
Animal control workers face just 6% automation risk in 2025 — one of the lowest among all 1,016 occupations we track. Here is why physical fieldwork keeps this job remarkably AI-proof.
Animal breeders face 14% automation risk with just 20% AI exposure. Genetic analysis is going digital fast — but the barn still needs a human.
Anesthesiologist assistants face 16% automation risk with 23% AI exposure — one of the safest healthcare roles. BLS projects +12% growth through 2034.
Only 8% automation risk — theme park and recreation attendants are among the most AI-resistant jobs in the service sector. Here's why.
Allergists face just 13% automation risk despite 38% AI exposure. AI reads your test results faster — but it can't perform your skin prick test.
Aircraft dispatchers face 54% AI exposure with fuel calculations hitting 82% automation — but the go/no-go call in a thunderstorm still needs a human.
Aircraft cargo handlers face 45% automation risk — but the split between physical and cognitive tasks tells the real story. Weight calculations are 65% automated. Loading? Still human muscle.
Air cargo coordinators face 48% automation risk — one of the highest in transportation logistics. Documentation is 75% automatable. Here's the honest breakdown.
Agronomists face just 19% automation risk in 2025 — among the lowest in science. But with soil and crop data analysis hitting 60% AI automation, the agronomist of tomorrow looks very different.
Agricultural scientists face 25% automation risk as AI transforms crop analysis and genomics. But field trials and the creative spark behind breakthrough research? Still firmly human.
Agricultural extension agents face just 22% automation risk — but the tools they use are changing fast. Here's what AI means for the people who teach farmers how to farm.
Adult education teachers face 27% automation risk as AI transforms curriculum prep and assessment. But the human element in GED, ESL, and literacy instruction? That's going nowhere.
Adult education instructors face 20% automation risk — but 62% of their lesson planning is already automatable. Here's why classroom presence matters more than ever in an AI world.
Adult basic education teachers face just 24% automation risk — but 55% of lesson planning is already automatable. Here is why teaching adults who never finished high school demands something AI cannot provide.
Academic deans have just an 18% automation risk — one of the lowest in education. But AI is already automating 68% of their analytics work. Here's what's really changing in higher education leadership.
Academic coaches face a 28% automation risk — but the real story is more nuanced. Here's what AI can and can't do in student mentoring, and why human coaches still matter.
Workforce data analysis is 72% automated — yet this management role is growing. The paradox reveals exactly how AI reshapes strategic HR leadership.
AI-powered CRM tools already automate 58% of lead generation for wholesale sales reps. With 1.4 million people in this role, here is what the data actually shows.
AI can now analyze portfolios faster than any human — but wealthy clients still demand a personal touch. Here is what the data says about wealth management's future.
Vendor managers face 42% AI exposure with 31% automation risk. Performance monitoring hits 75% automation and proposals evaluation 62%, but contract negotiation stays at 30% and dispute resolution at 22%.
Treasury managers face 58% AI exposure — one of the highest among financial roles — with 42% automation risk. Cash flow forecasting hits 74% automation, FX risk management 62%, but banking negotiations stay at 25%.
Transportation managers face 50% AI exposure with 32% automation risk. Fleet routing hits 68% automation, compliance tracking 42%, but managing driver teams stays at 18%. BLS projects +5% growth through 2034.
Traffic managers face 40% AI exposure today with 30% automation risk. AI optimizes routes at 62% and generates logistics reports at 72%, but fleet coordination stays at 35%. BLS projects +8% growth.
Trade marketing managers face 45% AI exposure today, but only 22% automation risk. AI handles sell-through analytics at 68% automation while relationship-building stays human at 15%. Here is what that means for your career.
Territory sales managers face 57% AI exposure but only 33% automation risk. With 469,800 jobs and 4% growth projected, this is one of the most resilient sales roles. Here's what the data reveals.
Telemarketing directors face the harshest numbers in sales leadership: 68% AI exposure, 64% automation risk, and -8% projected job decline. This is what disruption actually looks like.
At 58% AI exposure and 0% projected job growth, telemarketing supervisors face a stagnating market where AI is eating their highest-value tasks. The data tells a story of adapt or fade.
Telecom managers earn $164,580 and face 48% AI exposure -- yet the industry is growing, not shrinking. Here's why this is one of the safer tech management roles.
Tax lawyers face 53% AI exposure, yet the profession is projected to grow 5% by 2034. The surprise isn't whether AI will change tax law -- it's how dramatically it already has.
Penalty calculations are 78% automated and audit tasks hit 72%. With 50% automation risk and declining jobs (-4%), tax compliance officers face the sharpest AI pressure in the tax field.
Tax research is 72% automated, but representing clients in tax court sits at just 18%. With 57% exposure and 35% risk, tax attorneys face augmentation — and 8% job growth.
Tax data analysis is 68% automated, but client representation stays at 18%. With 60% AI exposure and only 34% risk, tax advisors face transformation, not extinction.
Resume screening is 82% automated, but interviewing candidates stays at 30%. AI exposure for talent acquisition managers hits 54% — here is what the data actually means for your career.
AI exposure hits 57% for sustainability program managers, yet BLS projects +13% job growth through 2034. ESG data compilation is 74% automated — but stakeholder leadership stays human.
Market research is 76% automated. Financial modeling hits 68%. But board presentations? Just 22%. The strategic planning profession is not shrinking -- it is becoming the ultimate AI-augmented leadership role.
Grant writing is 68% automated. Program evaluation hits 55%. But when a community is in crisis, no algorithm can replace the manager who knows every family by name. Here is what the data actually shows.
Keyword analysis is 75% automated. Ad copy generation hits 65%. Yet BLS projects +8% job growth. The search marketing profession is not dying -- it is splitting in two, and only one side has a future.
AI can now generate sales scripts at 72% automation and build training curricula at 65%. But live coaching? Just 18%. Here is why the best sales trainers are about to become even more indispensable.
With 1.35 million sales reps in the U.S. and AI exposure at 46%, you might expect mass layoffs. Instead, the data reveals something far more nuanced -- and your next move matters more than you think.
Risk management specialists face 46% automation risk with AI already performing 72% of risk assessments. But with 9% job growth projected and rising demand for AI-related risks, the profession is evolving rather than disappearing.
Regulatory compliance lawyers face 41% automation risk, with AI already handling 65% of regulatory change reviews. But courtroom representation stays at just 15% automation. Here is what that split means for legal careers.
Regulatory affairs managers face 42% automation risk while their field is projected to grow 10% by 2034. AI is automating the very tasks that create more demand for oversight. Here is why this paradox matters for your career.
Regional managers face just 17% automation risk, one of the lowest among management roles. But with 70% of sales analytics already automated, the job is transforming in ways that matter more than the headline number suggests.
With an automation risk of 72% and AI already handling 85% of record classification tasks, records management specialists face one of the steepest transformation curves in office administration. Here is what the numbers really mean for your career.
AI automates 65% of lease management and 72% of financial reporting for property managers. But with tenant disputes at just 10% automation and maintenance coordination at 35%, the boots-on-the-ground reality of real estate keeps humans essential.
Promotional sales reps face just 34% automation risk by 2028 — one of the lowest in all of sales. When the job is about handshakes, eye contact, and reading a crowd, AI has very little to offer.
AI handles 72% of competitive analysis reports and 55% of positioning work. Product marketing managers face 76% exposure by 2028 — yet their automation risk stays at 42%. The reason? Launches are not spreadsheets.
AI now handles 78% of market trend analysis for portfolio managers. With exposure hitting 74% by 2028 and automation risk at 54%, this is one of finance's most AI-disrupted roles — yet the best managers are thriving.
AI already crunches 72% of portfolio analysis. With automation risk climbing to 40% by 2028, personal financial advisors face a fundamental shift — but human trust may be the one asset algorithms can't replicate.
AI already monitors portfolio performance at 72% automation and analyzes markets at 65%. But fiduciary judgment and regulatory compliance stay human-driven. Here is what pension fund managers need to know.
AI can research potential partners at 58% automation and track KPIs at 68%. But when it comes to actually negotiating the deal? Only 20%. Here is why relationship-driven roles have a built-in moat.
Opening a bank account used to mean sitting across from a clerk who verified your ID and explained the terms. Now 78% of that application processing is automated. With a -12% job decline projected, here is what the data shows.
AI can now analyze environmental data at 55% automation and draft resource management plans at 48%. But coordinating with regulators stays at 22%. Here is what that split means for natural resource managers.
AI can already search music catalogs and track royalties at 72-78% automation. But negotiating rights deals? That's still 80% human. Here's what the numbers mean for your career.
AI automates 82% of credit checks and 78% of document verification for mortgage loan processors. With 73% exposure, 63% automation risk, and a projected -8% employment decline, this is one of finance’s most disrupted roles.
AI now drafts 85% of social media posts and email newsletters for marketing teams. With 67% exposure and 54% automation risk, marketing coordinators face the highest transformation among marketing roles — but vendor coordination and event logistics remain human.
AI automates 72% of market trend analysis for market development managers, but strategic partnership-building sits at just 20% automation. With 52% exposure and 36% risk, this role is being enhanced by AI, not replaced.
AI automates 82% of financial record reconciliation and 75% of reporting for management accountants. With 66% exposure and 56% automation risk, this 1.5-million-strong profession faces major transformation — but advising the C-suite remains at just 30% automation.
AI already handles 80% of member engagement analytics and churn prediction for loyalty programs. With 56% overall AI exposure and 42% automation risk, this role is changing fast — but strategic program design and vendor relationships remain firmly human.
Lodging managers face just 28% automation risk with +7% growth projected. AI sets room prices and handles bookings, but staff leadership and guest relations remain firmly human.
Loan interviewers face 63% automation risk and a -4% employment decline. AI dominates credit scoring, but face-to-face applicant conversations remain at just 35% automation.
Legal project managers face 43% automation risk with +12% growth projected. Status reports write themselves now, but coordinating cross-functional legal teams still takes a human.
Legal operations managers face just 37% automation risk despite 60% AI exposure. The irony: the people bringing AI into legal departments are the hardest to replace.
Legal billing managers face a 61% automation risk as AI takes over invoice generation and time entry review. But billing disputes still need a human touch.
Knowledge management officers face a staggering 51% automation risk — the highest among management roles. With 80% of classification tasks automated and exposure at 68%, this is one profession where the transformation is not hypothetical. It is happening right now.
Knowledge management directors face 66% AI exposure and 39% automation risk — yet BLS projects a strong 10% growth. When AI can curate 72% of your knowledge base, what is left for the director to do? Quite a lot, actually.
AI handles 58% of kitchen inventory management and 52% of shift scheduling. Yet with 352,000 jobs and BLS projecting 6% growth, kitchen managers are more needed than ever — the chaos just got smarter tools.
Account reporting is 68% automated, yet key account managers face only 22% automation risk. With 469,800 jobs and BLS projecting 4% growth, this relationship-driven role is evolving — not vanishing.
AI now automates 72% of portfolio rebalancing and 68% of market research for fund managers. Yet BLS projects 7% job growth. Here is what the data really means for your career in asset management.
Internal auditors face 63% AI exposure but only 48% automation risk. AI automates 78% of data analysis -- yet BLS projects +4% job growth. Here is the paradox.
Insurance policy clerks face 70% AI exposure and 72% automation risk -- the highest among insurance admin roles. Premium calculation is 90% automated. BLS projects -6%.
Insurance claims clerks face 67% AI exposure and 65% automation risk. Data entry hits 85% automation. BLS projects -5% decline for 283,600 workers in this role.
Insurance appraisers face 58% AI exposure and 51% automation risk. Physical property inspection stays at 25% automated. BLS projects -8% for just 14,300 workers.
Inside sales representatives face 70% AI exposure and 57% automation risk -- but the real shock is that lead scoring is already 78% automated. Here is what the data means for 1.4 million sales professionals.
Innovation managers face 44% AI exposure and only 25% automation risk -- among the lowest in management. The people leading AI adoption are the least likely to be replaced by it.
AI exposure is 55% and influencer vetting automation hits 76%, but contract negotiation sits at just 20%. The data reveals a stark split in this fast-growing role.
At 40% AI exposure and just 28% automation risk, industrial production managers are among the most AI-resilient management roles. Here is why the factory still needs you.
At 65% AI exposure and campaign analytics automation at 78%, growth marketing is one of the most AI-disrupted marketing roles. But 13% job growth tells a different story.
With 58% AI exposure and compliance reporting automation hitting 75%, grants management is being reshaped fast. Here is what 43,600 specialists need to know.
General and operations managers are the largest management occupation in America -- 3 million strong. With 48% AI exposure but only 24% automation risk, the gap reveals exactly how AI reshapes leadership.
Gaming managers face 36% AI exposure as casinos deploy AI for surveillance, revenue analytics, and compliance. But with 5,200 jobs and just 1% growth projected, the real question is about transformation, not replacement.
Funeral service managers have one of the lowest AI exposure rates in management -- just 23%. In a profession built on human grief, empathy, and ritual, here is what the data reveals about technology's limits.
Fundraising managers face 51% AI exposure -- among the highest in management. But with grant writing at 72% automation and donor relationships at just 25%, the real story is about which skills still matter.
With 371,600 food service managers in the US and AI exposure at 32%, this role is changing faster than most realize. But the data tells a nuanced story about kitchens, algorithms, and the human touch.
Fleet managers face 50% AI exposure with fuel and vehicle tracking at 82% automation. Route optimization hits 75%. But driver management, procurement negotiation, and crisis response remain human.
Financial risk specialists face 67% AI exposure — the highest among finance roles profiled here. Risk modeling hits 70% automation, yet human judgment on tail risks and regulatory presentation remains irreplaceable.
Financial reporting managers face 61% AI exposure with journal entry reconciliation at 74% automation. But interpreting evolving GAAP/IFRS standards and exercising judgment on complex disclosures stays human.
Financial managers face 55% AI exposure and 48% automation risk — yet BLS projects +17% growth and a median salary of $156,100. The numbers tell a story of transformation, not elimination.
Financial examiners face 63% AI exposure and 46% automation risk. AI handles compliance document review, but regulatory judgment, institutional relationships, and enforcement decisions remain firmly human.
Financial compliance officers face 48% automation risk and 59% AI exposure. Transaction monitoring hits 78% automation — but policy development and staff training remain deeply human.
Financial auditors face 47% automation risk and 64% AI exposure — the highest in our finance category. Statement analysis is 75% automated. But presenting findings to boards? Just 22%.
Field sales reps face 27% automation risk. AI handles 72% of territory data analysis — but face-to-face selling sits at just 10% automation. Here is what that means for 1.3 million sales professionals.
Energy auditors face 28% automation risk — but AI already handles 62% of consumption data analysis. The physical inspection side tells a completely different story.
Emergency operations managers face just 19% automation risk — but AI is already analyzing risk data at 58% automation. Here is what the numbers mean for crisis leadership.
Email marketing managers face 66% AI exposure and 57% automation risk — the highest in marketing management. Drip sequences are 84% automated, yet BLS projects +6% growth. Here is why.
Driver/sales workers have just 25% AI exposure and 22% risk. Route planning is 80% automated, but actual driving remains at 15%. With 414,500 jobs and a modest -3% outlook, here is the real picture.
With 60% AI exposure, 55% automation risk, and a projected -12% job decline through 2034, door-to-door sales faces one of the toughest AI disruptions in sales.
Detectives face just 25% AI exposure and 20% automation risk — among the lowest in any profession. But AI surveillance tools at 55% automation are quietly reshaping how investigations work.
With 65% AI exposure but only 37% automation risk, demand generation managers face massive transformation — not elimination. Here's what the numbers mean for your career.
Customer success managers face 48% AI exposure with health score monitoring at 75% automation and upsell identification at 65%. But quarterly business reviews sit at 30% and renewal negotiations at 35%. Here is what the data means for this fast-growing SaaS role.
Crisis management directors face 53% AI exposure with threat monitoring at 72% automation and communication drafting at 58%. But leading crisis response teams during active incidents sits at just 18%. Here is what that means for this high-stakes profession.
Crime scene investigators face 36% AI exposure with lab analysis at 55% automation and forensic reporting at 48%. But physical evidence collection sits at just 15% and courtroom testimony at 8%. The data tells a story of augmentation, not replacement.
Counter and rental clerks face 41% AI exposure with order processing at 62% automation and rental management at 58%. But in-person product guidance sits at just 25%. Here is what the data says for the 452,600 people in this role.
Cost accountants face 70% AI exposure with variance reporting at 82% automation and cost analysis at 72%. But advising management on strategy sits at just 40%. Here is what that gap means for the 85,300 professionals in this field.
Contract managers face 55% AI exposure with contract term analysis at 74% automation and performance monitoring at 72%. But negotiating with counterparties sits at just 28%. Here is what that split means for the 108,500 professionals in this field.
Computer and information systems managers face 58% AI exposure — yet BLS projects +17% growth through 2034, the fastest among all management occupations. System monitoring is 82% automated but leading cross-functional teams sits at just 15%. Here is why the demand is surging.
Compliance examiners face 58% AI exposure with report preparation at 72% automation and financial record review at 68%. But conducting interviews with regulated entities sits at just 35%. The numbers reveal a profession in the middle of a dramatic split.
Compliance directors face 52% AI exposure with regulatory monitoring at 72% automation. But the strategic judgment of building a compliance culture across an organization remains firmly human. Here is what the numbers show.
Compliance counsel face 57% AI exposure and 68% automation in document review. But advising leadership on regulatory strategy sits at just 25%. Here is what the data means for your career.
Compensation and benefits managers face 48% automation risk with 56% AI exposure. Salary benchmarking hits 78% automation, but executive comp design and compliance strategy stay human.
Commercial loan officers face 42% automation risk with 57% AI exposure. Credit analysis is 74% automated, but client relationships and complex deal structuring remain human-driven.
Channel sales managers face 37% automation risk with 50% AI exposure. Partner analytics are 72% automated, but relationship-driven channel strategy keeps this role human-centric.
Change management consultants face 35% automation risk despite 57% AI exposure. AI automates adoption analytics, but facilitating human transitions through organizational change remains irreplaceably human.
Catering managers face just 26% automation risk — one of the lowest in the food-and-service sector. AI is streamlining budgets and menus, but on-site event coordination stays firmly human.
Category managers face 56% AI exposure with 75% automation on sales data analysis — yet vendor negotiation sits at just 15%. The human skill that AI cannot replicate is the one that matters most.
Catalog managers face 48% AI exposure today, surging to 73% by 2028. With 78% automation on product copywriting, this is one of the fastest-transforming marketing roles.
Campus emergency managers face just 14% automation risk — one of the lowest in our database. But with 55% automation on plan drafting, the nature of the work is shifting fast.
Business property appraisers face 48% AI exposure today — but the task that matters most, on-site inspections, sits at just 15% automation. Here is why the boots-on-the-ground advantage still holds.
Business process managers face 56% AI exposure today, rising to 76% by 2028. The people who design automation are now being automated themselves — but not in the way you might expect.
At 45% automation risk and 60% AI exposure, business operations specialists face one of the highest transformation pressures in the business sector. Here is what is actually happening.
At just 22% automation risk, business development managers are among the most AI-resilient roles in management. But two of your core tasks are already 60%+ automated.
Business continuity planners face 31% automation risk -- but AI is transforming risk assessments and compliance monitoring faster than most realize.
Brand activation managers face 40% automation risk -- but it is the measurement side AI is eating, not the creative side. Here is what that means for your career.
With an automation risk of just 22%, banquet managers are safer than you might think. But AI is quietly changing how events get planned behind the scenes.
AI is revolutionizing legal research and document review for bankruptcy attorneys, but courtroom advocacy and creditor negotiations remain firmly human.
AI can analyze burn patterns and draft reports faster, but the physical investigation and courtroom expertise of arson investigators remain irreplaceable.
AI is transforming how airports analyze passenger flows and forecast budgets, but the human judgment needed for emergencies and stakeholder management keeps this role secure.
AI is transforming how affiliate programs track, optimize, and scale -- but the human strategists who build partner relationships still hold the keys.
AI is automating lead generation and media proposals, but the human persuasion at the heart of ad sales is harder to replicate than you might think.
Advertising and promotions managers face 46/100 automation risk. AI transforms campaign analytics and budgeting, but creative strategy still needs human vision.
AR specialists face 64/100 automation risk with 70% AI exposure. Invoicing is 85% automated. Here is what the data means for your career -- and how to adapt.
Account executives face 30/100 automation risk. AI handles CRM and prospecting, but closing deals still requires human relationships. Here is what the numbers show.
Survey researchers face 46/100 automation risk with 56% AI exposure. Statistical analysis is heavily automated, but research design still needs human judgment.
Spa therapists face just 9/100 automation risk. AI handles scheduling, but your healing touch remains irreplaceable. Here is what the data shows.
School psychologists face 18/100 automation risk. AI is transforming assessments and report writing, but counseling remains deeply human.
Radiation therapists face 25/100 automation risk. AI is transforming treatment planning but hands-on patient care stays human.
Quantum computing researchers face 16/100 automation risk while their field grows 22%. AI is accelerating their work, not replacing it.
With just 5/100 automation risk, psychiatric aides are among the most AI-resistant jobs in healthcare. The reason is deeply human.
AI is automating data tracking but the human relationship at the core of pharma sales remains irreplaceable. Here is what the numbers say.
OT assistants face just 26% AI exposure and 8/100 risk, with BLS projecting +19% growth. Hands-on therapy stays at 8% automation while documentation gets AI help.
Nurse midwives face just 26% AI exposure and 7/100 automation risk. Hands-on delivery care remains at 5% automation while documentation gets AI assistance.
Nurse anesthetists face 35% AI exposure but only 11/100 automation risk. AI helps with monitoring and documentation while hands-on anesthesia stays human.
Nuclear pharmacists face 42% AI exposure but just 17/100 automation risk. AI transforms dosage calculations while hands-on compounding stays human.
Natural sciences managers face 40% AI exposure but only 28/100 automation risk. AI transforms data analysis and literature review while leadership remains human.
With 22,300 jobs, +4% BLS growth, and just 14/100 automation risk, microbiology is one of the most AI-resistant science careers. Here is why.
With 90% task automation, -7% BLS decline, and 84/100 risk, medical transcription faces the sharpest AI disruption in healthcare. Here is what the data shows.
With 78,100 jobs, +14% BLS growth, and only 22/100 automation risk, ultrasound techs face AI-augmented futures, not AI-replaced ones.
With 191,200 jobs and only 26/100 automation risk, medical social workers are well-protected from AI. But documentation tasks are already transforming.
With 480,700 jobs, +23% BLS growth, and only 25/100 automation risk, healthcare management is AI-proof. But the job is changing fast.
Medical equipment preparers have just 11/100 automation risk and 16% AI exposure. Sterilization is physical, precise work that AI cannot perform. See the full analysis.
Medical coders face a 73/100 automation risk and 68% AI exposure. ICD/CPT coding is 82% automated. Here is what 224,900 coders need to know about their future.
Library science teachers face 57% AI exposure and 32/100 automation risk. Course prep and grading are changing fast, but mentoring future librarians remains human.
Legal nurse consultants face 43% AI exposure and 28/100 automation risk. AI is transforming medical record review, but courtroom expertise remains irreplaceable.
With an automation risk of just 5/100, hospice and palliative care nursing is among the most AI-resistant professions. Here is why the human heart of end-of-life care cannot be coded.
Healthcare attorneys face 48% AI exposure but only 24/100 automation risk, with +8% BLS growth. AI speeds up document review at 65%, but negotiation at 18% and regulatory judgment remain human.
Health specialties professors face 52% AI exposure but only 18/100 automation risk, with +16% BLS growth. AI transforms lecture prep at 68%, but clinical supervision at 12% remains untouchable.
Health services researchers face 52% AI exposure and 40/100 automation risk, with robust +17% BLS job growth. AI transforms data analysis at 68%, but study design and policy translation remain human territory.
Health informatics specialists face 55% AI exposure but only 28/100 automation risk, with +16% BLS job growth. AI supercharges data analysis at 72%, but EHR systems still need human translators.
Health educators face 35% AI exposure but only 24/100 automation risk. AI generates materials faster, but community workshops and culturally sensitive outreach remain deeply human.
Geographers face 44% AI exposure and 34/100 risk. GIS data analysis automates at 68%, but spatial interpretation and fieldwork resist automation.
Forensic psychologists face 47% AI exposure and 17/100 risk. Case analysis automates at 65%, but expert testimony stays at just 12%.
Educational psychologists face 57% AI exposure and 29/100 risk. Assessment data analysis automates at 72%, but individual evaluations stay at 28%.
Education researchers face 52% AI exposure and 26/100 risk. Data analysis automates at 72%, but presenting to policymakers stays at 20%.
Conservation biologists face 34% AI exposure and 26/100 automation risk. Data analysis automates at 55%, but field surveys stay at just 15%. The wild cannot be studied from a server room.
Computer and information research scientists face 76% AI exposure -- the highest we track -- yet automation risk is just 25/100. They build the AI that changes everything.
Clinical trials managers face 54% AI exposure and 36/100 automation risk. Compliance monitoring automates fast, but managing site relationships stays at 20%.
Clinical trial managers face 57% AI exposure and 40/100 automation risk. Data monitoring hits 72% automation, but multi-site coordination stays at 25%.
Clinical psychologists face 35% AI exposure and 30/100 automation risk. Therapy sessions sit at just 8% automation, among the lowest we track.
Clinical pharmacologists face 54% AI exposure but only 30/100 automation risk. AI excels at drug database analysis, but personalized dosing and physician consultation remain deeply human.
Clinical nurse specialists face just 40% AI exposure and 13/100 automation risk. Data analysis automates at 58%, but direct patient care at 12% and mentoring at 30% keep this role deeply human.
Clinical laboratory managers face 53% AI exposure but just 29/100 automation risk. QC monitoring is automating at 62%, but staff management and regulatory compliance stay firmly human.
Clinical lab scientists face 52% AI exposure and 46/100 automation risk. Automated analyzers lead at 72%, but microbiology cultures and complex interpretation remain firmly human.
Clinical documentation specialists face very high AI exposure at 68% and automation risk of 58/100. Document review and coding reports are most vulnerable, but physician communication stays human.
Biophysicists face high AI exposure at 48% but low automation risk at 23/100. AI supercharges molecular simulations while lab work stays firmly human.
Biochemists face 52% AI exposure with automation risk at 32/100. Molecular data analysis is 75% automated thanks to tools like AlphaFold, but laboratory assays remain at just 30%.
Astrobiologists face 40% AI exposure with automation risk at just 16/100. Spectroscopic data analysis reaches 65% automation, but experiment design stays at 18%.
Wildfire analysts face 47% AI exposure with automation risk at just 19/100. Satellite imagery analysis is 68% automated, yet field observations during active fires remain at 10%.
Web and digital interface designers face 73% AI exposure with automation risk at 47/100. AI generates wireframes in seconds, yet user empathy and design strategy remain deeply human.
Web administrators face 64% AI exposure with automation risk at 54/100. Uptime monitoring is 78% automated, yet the human judgment behind incident response remains irreplaceable.
Warehouse automation engineers design the robots that replace workers -- but their own job has only 35% automation risk. Here is why demand is surging.
AI screens 72% of deal flow and builds financial models at 68% automation. But due diligence and founder assessment remain irreplaceably human.
Sensitivity analysis is 80% automated and financial modeling hits 68%. Yet valuation analysts with judgment skills are more in demand than ever.
With 65% task automation in data analysis and persona creation, UX research is transforming fast. But field studies and stakeholder empathy remain stubbornly human.
AI already reads 78% of X-ray scans at airports. But pat-downs, judgment calls, and split-second decisions keep TSA agents irreplaceable -- for now.
Transit police face just 14/100 automation risk with 20% AI exposure. Patrol and incident response stay almost entirely human. Here is what the data shows.
Transit planners face 48% AI exposure with 35/100 automation risk. AI optimizes routes brilliantly, but community engagement stays at 15% automation. See the full picture.
Traffic technicians see 70% automation in data collection but only 18% in field inspections. Overall risk is 30/100. Here is what smart city tech means for this role.
Traffic signal technicians face just 22/100 automation risk despite AI transforming how signal timing is programmed. The hands-on work keeps this role secure.
AI exposure is 57% for telecom engineers, but automation risk stays moderate at 32/100. Here is what the data means for your career in network design and optimization.
Theater technical directors face just 26% AI exposure and 10/100 automation risk. AI helps with drawings and budgets, but someone still has to build the set.
Systems integration engineers face 63% AI exposure but only 33/100 automation risk. AI writes the API code while humans architect the connections that make enterprises work.
Systems engineers face 63% AI exposure but just 32/100 automation risk. AI writes the docs while engineers make the design decisions that matter.
Student affairs administrators face 45% AI exposure but only 21/100 automation risk. AI crunches retention data while humans handle the messy, emotional work of student life.
Software QA faces 67% AI exposure with test case writing already 75% automated. But the role is growing 17% by 2034. Here is what that paradox means for your career.
Solutions architects face 61% AI exposure but only 29/100 automation risk. Documentation is 68% automated, but stakeholder workshops and platform strategy stay human.
Slot machine technicians face just 16% automation risk and 23% AI exposure. Physical repair and diagnostics keep this niche trade safe from AI replacement.
Security managers face 35% AI exposure and 21/100 automation risk. AI is transforming threat analysis, but crisis leadership and personnel management stay human.
Security architects face 58% AI exposure but only 25/100 automation risk. AI is transforming their tools while demand for the role surges 33% by 2034.
With just 14% automation risk and 20% AI exposure, security alarm installers hold one of the most AI-resilient positions in the trades. Here is why the wiring stays human.
Securities analysts face 67% AI exposure and 53/100 automation risk. Financial statement analysis hits 80% automation, but the buy/sell call still needs human conviction.
Search engineers face 58% AI exposure but just 34/100 automation risk. Ranking algorithms sit at 58% automation while indexing infrastructure stays at 40%. The builders of search remain essential.
Sales ops analysts face 70% AI exposure and 58/100 automation risk. CRM reporting hits 82% automation. But tool evaluation stays at 35%. The role is splitting in two.
Sales engineers face 54% AI exposure but only 35/100 automation risk. Live demos sit at just 22% automation while quotes hit 72%. The human-technical hybrid thrives.
Revenue analysts face 73% AI exposure with forecast modeling at 78% automation. But stakeholder communication stays at 35%. Here is what that gap means for your career.
SREs face 60% AI exposure but only 33/100 automation risk, with incident response 68% automated. BLS projects +15% growth at $131,490 median salary.
Rail yard engineers face just 14% AI exposure and 10/100 automation risk -- among the lowest in our database. Here is why hands-on rail work resists automation.
Quantitative analysts face 62% AI exposure but only 35/100 automation risk, with backtesting 70% automated. BLS projects +8% growth at a $134,180 median salary.
Security consultants face 43% AI exposure and 30/100 risk. Threat intel is 65% automated, but physical security design stays deeply human. BLS projects +6% growth.
Pricing analysts face 62% AI exposure and 49/100 automation risk, with competitive benchmarking already 76% automated. Yet BLS projects +8% growth. Here is why the human judgment behind the numbers matters more than ever.
Polysomnographic technologists face 46% AI exposure and 30/100 automation risk. AI can score sleep stages, but it cannot wire a patient or handle a midnight emergency.
Platform engineers face a massive 73% AI exposure yet only 35/100 automation risk, with BLS projecting +25% growth and $135,900 median salary. Here is the paradox explained.
Orthotics technicians face just 34% AI exposure and 24/100 automation risk. With hands-on fabrication at the core, here is why this trade is one of healthcare's most AI-resilient careers.
Nuclear medicine technologists face 43% AI exposure and just 30/100 automation risk. With BLS projecting +3% growth and a median salary of $92,500, here is why this career stays human.
Network security admins face 58% AI exposure but only 44/100 automation risk, with BLS projecting a massive +33% growth. Here is why cybersecurity careers are booming despite -- and because of -- AI.
M&A analysts face 59% AI exposure but +7% growth. AI is transforming financial modeling and due diligence, but deal negotiation and relationship management remain firmly human.
Mechanical engineers face 45% AI exposure but just 24/100 automation risk, with BLS projecting +9% growth. Here is why hands-on engineering expertise is more valuable than ever.
Mathematical technicians face 76% AI exposure, 70/100 automation risk, and -8% job decline. This is one of the most vulnerable occupations in our database. Here is what the data says and what you can do about it.
Materials engineers face 41% AI exposure and a modest 31/100 automation risk. Here is why hands-on experimentation and cross-domain judgment keep this profession resilient.
Market analysts face 58% AI exposure, yet the BLS projects 6% job growth. Here is why the future belongs to strategists who master AI tools rather than compete with them.
Maritime security officers face just 23% AI exposure and 15/100 automation risk. Physical presence and judgment keep this role among the most AI-resilient professions.
Marine engineers face 38% AI exposure and 28/100 automation risk. With just 8,400 professionals and BLS projecting +4% growth, this niche field is being augmented, not threatened.
Management analysts face 54% AI exposure and 40/100 automation risk. With 1 million professionals and BLS projecting +11% growth, consulting is being reshaped, not replaced.
Logistics analysts face 57% AI exposure and 46/100 automation risk as AI optimization engines transform supply chains. BLS projects +18% growth through 2034.
Library technicians face 51% AI exposure and 55/100 automation risk as cataloging and circulation systems go digital. Here is what the data says about your future.
Legal technologists face 63% AI exposure but only 35/100 automation risk. E-discovery platforms hit 72% automation, but training legal staff stays at 35%.
Legal analysts face 67% AI exposure and 57/100 automation risk — one of the highest in the legal profession. Case law research hits 82% automation, but strategic advice stays at 35%.
K-12 education administrators face 45% AI exposure but only 17/100 automation risk. Data analysis hits 70% automation, while teacher evaluation stays at 20%.
IT project managers face 56% AI exposure and 41/100 automation risk. Status reports hit 78% automation, but coordinating cross-functional teams remains 22%.
IoT developers face 51% AI exposure but only 25/100 automation risk. Cloud integration is most exposed at 55%, but hardware-software debugging remains deeply human.
AI now builds financial models faster than any analyst. But the client relationships and contrarian judgment calls that define great investing remain stubbornly human.
AI is automating workflow analysis and supply chain optimization at record speed, but implementing solutions where machines meet workers remains a human job.
AI-powered sensors are getting better at identifying dangerous substances, but when chemicals are leaking and lives are at stake, you still need humans in the hot zone.
AI can analyze soil data faster than any engineer, but the judgment calls that keep buildings standing require human expertise. Here is what the numbers say.
AI is transforming how geospatial data gets processed and visualized, but the professionals who design spatial systems remain essential. Here is what the data says about your future.
Geological technicians face 38% AI exposure and 28/100 automation risk — fieldwork and sample collection keep this role firmly human.
Full stack developers face 70% AI exposure and 48/100 automation risk — the highest in our developer category. But demand is surging too.
Fire prevention engineers face 40% AI exposure and 27/100 automation risk — AI speeds up code review but cannot replace on-site judgment.
Fire apparatus engineers face just 22% AI exposure and 10/100 automation risk — one of the most AI-resistant occupations in our database.
Financial risk analysts face 61% AI exposure — but the human judgment behind risk decisions is harder to automate than the math.
Financial aid administrators face 57% AI exposure and 39/100 automation risk. Application processing is automating fast, but counseling stays human.
Executive office administrators face 61% AI exposure and 51/100 automation risk. Calendar and correspondence tasks lead the shift.
ETL developers face 71% AI exposure and 56/100 automation risk -- among the highest in tech. But demand is still growing.
Environmental remediation technicians face just 24% AI exposure and 13/100 automation risk. Hands-on hazmat work resists automation.
Enterprise architects face 48% AI exposure but only 15% automation risk. Why strategic governance keeps this role resilient.
Engineering professors face 59% AI exposure but only 20/100 risk. With +8% growth, the role is evolving -- not vanishing.
EMTs face just 17% AI exposure and 12/100 automation risk -- one of the lowest in healthcare. Here is why hands-on emergency care resists automation.
Electrical engineers face 48% AI exposure and 35/100 risk, but the profession keeps growing. Here is the task-by-task breakdown.
Education technology specialists face 54% AI exposure but 12% BLS growth. The role is evolving fast -- here is what the data says.
Education policy analysts face 53% AI exposure yet growing demand. Here is how AI reshapes policy research and what it means for your career.
AI can crunch enrollment numbers and draft memos, but university leadership still requires human judgment. Inside the 53% exposure and 29/100 risk score.
AI powers the very simulations these engineers build -- but with 56% exposure and +25% BLS growth, the builders are in higher demand than ever.
With 65% AI exposure and 52/100 automation risk, digital marketing analysts face the sharpest transformation in the marketing world. Here is what survives.
AI can calculate macros in milliseconds, but it cannot watch a patient push food around a plate. Inside the 45% exposure and 26/100 risk score.
AI can auto-generate dashboards, but the story behind the data still needs a human narrator. Explore the 61% exposure and 38/100 risk score.
Data verification clerks face 86% automation risk with 90% of their core task already automatable. BLS projects an 18% employment decline. Here is what the data means.
Data quality analysts face 48% automation risk and 70% AI exposure, yet BLS projects 35% job growth. The profession that feeds AI is being reshaped by it.
Data privacy lawyers face 35% automation risk despite 62% AI exposure. With demand surging 14%, this legal specialty is being transformed, not eliminated.
Data architects face just 35% automation risk despite 64% AI exposure. With 20% job growth projected, this is one of tech's safest bets — if you evolve with the tools.
Cytotechnologists face 44% automation risk as AI-powered digital pathology transforms cell screening. Here is what the data says about the future of this specialized healthcare role.
Cybersecurity incident responders face 53% AI exposure but just 37/100 risk. AI triages alerts at 75% automation, but coordinating incident response with stakeholders stays at 18%. BLS projects explosive +33% growth.
Customer insights analysts face 73% AI exposure and 48/100 automation risk — among the highest in business. AI builds segmentation models at 80%, but presenting insights to stakeholders stays at 38%.
Curriculum developers face 50% AI exposure and 28/100 automation risk. AI generates assessment tools at 68% automation, but collaborating with educators on implementation sits at just 18%.
Crime analysts face 57% AI exposure and 40/100 automation risk. AI processes crime data at 75% automation, but briefing leadership and translating data into operational strategy remains at 30%.
Credit risk managers face 65% AI exposure and 40/100 automation risk. AI dominates portfolio monitoring at 75%, but setting credit policies and approving exceptions remains deeply human at 28%.
Credit counselors face 57% AI exposure but only 40/100 automation risk. AI handles data analysis, but the emotional core of debt counseling stays human.
Credit authorizers face 82% AI exposure and 85/100 automation risk — among the highest in our database. BLS projects -6% job decline as AI takes over routine decisions.
Courthouse security officers face just 21% AI exposure and 13/100 automation risk. Physical presence and judgment in volatile situations keep this role firmly human.
Correspondence clerks face 64% AI exposure and 54/100 automation risk with BLS projecting -15% job decline. AI drafts most responses now.
Corporate financial analysts face 67% AI exposure and 43/100 automation risk. Models and reports are being automated, but strategic judgment remains human.
Computer systems analysts face 62% AI exposure and 48/100 automation risk -- the highest risk among computer roles. But the role's human core may be its salvation.
Network support specialists face 60% AI exposure and 40/100 automation risk. AI monitors the network 24/7, but someone still has to fix what AI cannot.
Computer network architects face 49% AI exposure and 34/100 automation risk. AI handles traffic analysis, but designing resilient networks remains a human art.
Computer hardware engineers have just 44% AI exposure and 30/100 automation risk. The physical world is AI's blind spot -- and that is your advantage.
Computer forensics analysts face 58% AI exposure but only 30/100 automation risk. The courtroom still needs a human expert -- and always will.
Compensation analysts face 48/100 automation risk with 61% AI exposure. Salary benchmarking is heavily automated, but pay strategy still needs human insight.
Collections analysts face a stark 50/100 automation risk with 63% exposure. AI dominates reporting and segmentation, but human negotiation endures.
Cloud security engineers face high 54% exposure but 33% growth. AI automates monitoring, but the adversarial nature of cybersecurity demands human strategists.
Civil engineers face low AI risk at 22/100. AI supercharges simulations and design, but site inspections and structural judgment stay firmly human.
With just 10/100 automation risk, CTE teachers are among the most AI-resistant educators. Here is why hands-on teaching keeps humans irreplaceable.
Cardiovascular technologists face 34% AI exposure and 22% automation risk. AI excels at image analysis and report generation, but hands-on patient care and catheterization support remain firmly human.
Campus security directors face 32% AI exposure and 20% automation risk. AI surveillance and threat detection are transforming operations, but crisis leadership and community trust remain fundamentally human.
Business intelligence analysts face 62% AI exposure and 52% automation risk -- among the highest of any analytical profession. Dashboard building and SQL queries are rapidly automating, but strategic data storytelling remains human.
At 58% AI exposure and 35% automation risk, broadcast news analysts face significant disruption in research and scripting -- but on-air credibility and live judgment remain irreplaceable.
Bomb technicians face just 8% automation risk as AI-powered robots assist with detection -- but split-second judgment in life-or-death situations keeps this profession firmly human.
With 57% AI exposure and 70% test automation, biometrics engineers face high transformation. But 15% job growth and $108K median pay tell a story of opportunity.
At 58% AI exposure and 72% report automation, bioinformatics technicians face high transformation. But with 31% projected job growth, the story is complex.
With just 13/100 automation risk and only 21% AI exposure, behavioral health technicians are among the most AI-resistant healthcare roles. Here is why.
With 55% automation in test reporting but just 22% in conducting hearing tests, AI is changing audiometry. Here is what 12,800 professionals should understand.
With 58% automation in post-production but only 15% in equipment setup, AI is reshaping AV work unevenly. Here is what 85,000 technicians need to know.
Audio engineers face 42% AI exposure with noise reduction at 65% automation. But live sound, recording, and creative mixing decisions stay human.
Arts administrators face 41% AI exposure with grant writing at 65% automation. But artist relations and event coordination remain deeply human at 20%.
Architectural and engineering managers face 57% AI exposure but just 32/100 risk. Budget automation hits 58%, but leading teams stays human at 22%.
Airport security screeners see 38% AI exposure with ID verification at 68% automation. But physical searches and threat judgment stay human.
Aerospace test engineers face 45% AI exposure but only 28/100 automation risk. Data analysis is transforming, but physical testing stays human.
Administrative services managers face 55% AI exposure and 46% automation risk. Records management is 78% automated, but staff supervision stays human.
Administrative coordinators face 57% AI exposure and 50% automation risk, with expense processing at 78% automation. But the human side of coordination remains irreplaceable.
Administrative analysts face 65% AI exposure and 57% automation risk. Workflow analysis is 72% automated, but strategic recommendations remain human.
Actuarial analysts face 68% AI exposure and 56% automation risk -- among the highest in finance. But 24% job growth tells a different story.
Academic tech coordinators face 55% AI exposure but only 29% automation risk. AI augments their role rather than replacing it. Here is what the data says.
Data engineering faces 57% AI exposure yet 36% job growth through 2034. AI automates pipelines and quality checks, but the architects who design resilient data systems are more valuable than ever.
Structural ironworkers raise and connect steel beams to build bridges and buildings. At 7% AI exposure and 5/100 risk, this high-altitude trade defies automation.
Stonemasons cut and build with natural stone. At 7% AI exposure and 5/100 risk, this centuries-old craft is remarkably resistant to artificial intelligence.
Cement masons smooth and finish poured concrete surfaces. At 8% AI exposure and 6/100 risk, this time-critical trade depends on irreplaceable human skill.
Drywall installers hang plasterboard and ceiling tiles. At 7% AI exposure and 5/100 risk, this high-volume construction trade is solidly AI-resistant.
Pipe fitters install complex piping systems for steam, hydraulic, and industrial processes. At 18% AI exposure, digital tools assist but the craft endures.
Millwrights install and align industrial machinery. At 13% AI exposure and 9/100 risk, this precision trade blends old-school skill with modern diagnostics.
Boilermakers build and maintain steam boilers and pressure vessels. At 11% AI exposure and 8/100 risk, this heavy-duty trade resists AI disruption.
Sheet metal workers fabricate ducts and equipment casings. At 11% AI exposure, CNC programming is AI-assisted but hands-on fabrication stays human.
Reinforcing iron workers position steel bars in concrete forms. At 7% AI exposure and 5/100 risk, this physically demanding trade is highly AI-resistant.
Dental lab techs craft crowns and dentures by hand. With AI exposure at 35% and rising, how will CAD/CAM and 3D printing reshape this precision trade?
Ophthalmic techs perform eye exams and retinal imaging. At 42% AI exposure, diagnostic AI is advancing fast -- but patient interaction keeps humans essential.
Elevator installers and repairers work with complex mechanical and electrical systems. At 16% AI exposure, this skilled trade remains firmly in human hands.
Glaziers install glass in buildings. With AI exposure at just 4% and automation risk of 3/100, this is one of the most AI-proof trades in construction.
Title agents face 78% AI exposure and 72/100 risk. Document review and record search are automating rapidly as real estate goes digital.
Exhibition designers face 38% AI exposure with 28/100 risk. AI generates visuals, but spatial storytelling and visitor experience remain human crafts.
Court stenographers face 80% AI exposure and 75/100 risk -- among the highest of any profession. Speech recognition is fundamentally reshaping this field.
Sign language interpreters face 64% AI exposure and 54/100 risk. Machine translation improves, but cultural nuance and real-time adaptation stay human.
Dog trainers face very low AI exposure below 15%. Animal behavior modification requires physical presence, timing, and empathy that AI cannot replicate.
Fragrance chemists face moderate AI exposure around 40%. AI can predict molecular interactions, but the human nose and creative intuition are irreplaceable.
Pet groomers face just 8% AI exposure and 7/100 risk. With 15% job growth projected, this is one of the safest and fastest-growing careers in the AI era.
Sommelier educators face 35% AI exposure with 18/100 risk. Wine knowledge databases grow, but teaching palate and passion stays human.
Toy designers face moderate AI exposure around 50%. AI generates concepts fast, but understanding how children play requires human insight.
Urban designers face 37% AI exposure with 29/100 risk. AI excels at data analysis but cannot replace community engagement and place-making vision.
Forensic accountants face 53% AI exposure, but expert testimony and fraud intuition keep this profession essential. Here is the full data breakdown.
Bodyguards face very low AI automation risk. Physical protection requires human presence, judgment, and split-second decision-making that AI cannot replicate.
Criminal detectives face a 25% AI exposure rate, but the job is evolving, not vanishing. Here is what the data says about AI in criminal investigation.
Corrections counselors face 34% AI exposure with 24/100 risk. Risk assessments are automating, but human connection drives rehabilitation.
Emergency dispatchers face 58% AI exposure and 49/100 risk -- one of the highest in protective services. Call classification is automating fast.
Animal control officers face just 9% AI exposure -- among the lowest of any profession. Physical fieldwork makes this job nearly AI-proof.
Polygraph examiners face 38% AI exposure with 25/100 automation risk. AI is changing deception detection, but the human examiner remains central.
Cybercrime investigators face 42% AI exposure but just 26/100 risk. In cybersecurity, AI is as much weapon as threat.
Private security managers face growing AI surveillance tools but only moderate automation risk. Leadership and crisis response keep humans in charge.
Loss prevention managers face 44% AI exposure. AI-powered surveillance is transforming retail security, but strategic thinking stays human.
Survey researchers face 61% AI exposure and 50% risk. AI transforms survey methodology, but research design and interpretation need humans.
Market research faces 60% AI exposure and 42% risk. AI automates data collection and analysis, but strategic consumer insight remains human.
Demography is a data-heavy field where AI excels at processing. But understanding migration, fertility, and mortality patterns requires human expertise.
Economists face 60% AI exposure and 36% risk. AI automates data analysis, but economic judgment and policy advising remain human.
AI is built on language, yet linguistic expertise remains irreplaceable. Computational linguists face high exposure but strong demand.
Philosophy faces moderate AI exposure in text analysis but near-zero risk in its core work: ethical reasoning, conceptual analysis, and critical argumentation.
AI-powered satellite imagery and GIS are transforming geography. But spatial analysis and place-based research require human geographic reasoning.
Political scientists face 64% AI exposure and 53% risk -- among the highest in social science. Yet policy advising remains irreplaceable.
Historians face moderate AI exposure as AI transforms archival research. But historical interpretation and narrative construction remain human arts.
Anthropologists face 38% AI exposure and 28% automation risk. Fieldwork and cultural interpretation keep this discipline distinctly human.
Health IT faces 63% AI exposure and 51% risk -- among the highest in healthcare. Yet BLS projects 17% growth. Here is the paradox explained.
AI is transforming genetic testing, automating variant interpretation and analysis. But wet lab skills and quality oversight keep humans essential.
Perfusionists face just 7% automation risk. When your heart stops during surgery, a human operates the machine that keeps you alive. AI cannot do that.
Medical dosimetrists face 46% AI exposure and 35% automation risk. AI excels at dose calculations but complex case judgment remains human.
AI is making hearing aids smarter, but fitting, adjusting, and counseling patients requires human expertise. This niche healthcare role remains secure.
AI and 3D printing are transforming prosthetic design, but the craft of fitting devices to human bodies remains irreducibly manual. Risk: 30/100.
Athletic trainers face just 17% automation risk despite 27% AI exposure. Emergency care and hands-on rehabilitation keep this profession firmly human.
Recreational therapists use arts, sports, and games to help patients recover. AI can assist with documentation, but the therapeutic relationship is irreplaceable.
AI excels at crunching dietary data, but dietitians' real power lies in behavioral counseling that no algorithm can replicate. Here is what the numbers show.
E-commerce specialists face 50/100 automation risk with 60% AI exposure. AI dominates product listing optimization and ad bidding, but platform strategy and customer experience design need human judgment.
Retail marketing managers face 37/100 automation risk with 60% AI exposure. AI automates campaign analytics and personalization, but brand strategy and team leadership demand human expertise.
Brand managers face 33/100 automation risk with 44% AI exposure. AI excels at market analysis and content generation, but brand identity, positioning strategy, and stakeholder alignment stay human.
Pawn brokers operate at the intersection of valuation, lending, and customer service. AI appraisal tools are improving, but the in-person negotiation and relationship judgment of pawnbroking resists automation.
Retail merchandising analysts face significant AI exposure as analytics platforms automate reporting and demand forecasting. But interpreting data for strategic assortment decisions keeps humans in the loop.
Merchandise displayers face 21/100 automation risk with 27% AI exposure. AI can generate layout concepts and 3D mockups, but the physical craft of building compelling retail displays stays human.
Retail buyers face 42/100 automation risk with 54% AI exposure. AI demand forecasting is powerful, but product selection and vendor relationships require human intuition and negotiation.
Visual merchandisers face 27/100 automation risk with 35% AI exposure. AI-powered analytics reshape store layouts, but creative storytelling and spatial design expertise remain distinctly human.
Auctioneers combine salesmanship, crowd psychology, and showmanship in a role that online platforms are reshaping but not replacing. Live auctions and AI bidding systems are learning to coexist.
Purchasing agents face 45/100 automation risk with 55% AI exposure. AI is transforming procurement with automated sourcing and spend analytics, but complex negotiations and vendor management need humans.
Parking enforcement workers face 33/100 automation risk with 30% AI exposure. License plate recognition and smart sensors are changing the game, but physical patrols and community judgment persist.
Port terminal operators face 34/100 automation risk with 44% AI exposure. Automated container handling is advancing rapidly, but coordinating complex port logistics still requires experienced human oversight.
Flight engineers have already seen their role dramatically reduced by cockpit automation. Once the third crew member, this position is now largely historical — but the lessons for other aviation roles are profound.
Ambulance drivers face just 15/100 automation risk with 24% AI exposure. AI route optimization is helpful, but navigating emergency traffic and providing patient care during transport remain human skills.
Railroad signal technicians face just 10/100 automation risk with 22% AI exposure. Maintaining and repairing critical rail safety systems requires hands-on expertise that AI cannot replicate.
Bus and truck mechanics face just 8/100 automation risk with 12% AI exposure. AI diagnostic tools are arriving, but the physical complexity of heavy vehicle repair keeps this trade firmly hands-on.
Aircraft mechanics face 15/100 automation risk with 18% AI exposure. FAA regulations and the physical complexity of airframe work keep human expertise at the center of aviation maintenance.
Marine cargo inspectors face 27/100 automation risk with 34% AI exposure. AI-powered scanning and document verification are advancing, but physical inspections and regulatory judgment remain human territory.
Traffic engineers face 40/100 automation risk with 52% AI exposure. AI traffic optimization is transforming the field, but infrastructure design and community planning demand human expertise.
Subway operators face a 55/100 automation risk with 42% AI exposure. Driverless metro systems are expanding globally, but legacy infrastructure and union agreements keep human operators essential for now.
IT auditors face 63% AI exposure in 2025 with 40/100 automation risk. How AI transforms technology audit while human assurance remains essential.
Embedded systems engineers face just 44% AI exposure and 26/100 automation risk — among the lowest in tech. Why hardware proximity is a moat.
Robotics engineers face 50% AI exposure but only 37/100 automation risk in 2025. Why building physical intelligence resists automation.
NLP engineers face 73% AI exposure — the highest among AI specialists — with 48/100 automation risk. What LLMs mean for the field.
Computer vision engineers see 67% AI exposure in 2025 but only 39/100 automation risk. Why building AI vision systems remains deeply human.
ML engineers face 67% AI exposure but only 40/100 automation risk. The paradox of AI advancing the profession that builds AI.
Data warehouse architects face 57% AI exposure in 2025 with 40/100 automation risk. How AI is reshaping data architecture careers.
Site reliability engineers face 57% AI exposure in 2025 with 40/100 automation risk. How AI is changing the SRE role without replacing it.
Cloud architects face just 38% AI exposure in 2025 with 25/100 automation risk. Why cloud engineering is one of tech's safer bets.
Penetration testers face 54% AI exposure in 2025 but only 37/100 automation risk. Why offensive security remains a human craft.
Tax examiners face 64% AI exposure in 2025 with 56/100 automation risk. How AI is transforming tax enforcement and compliance review.
Collections analysts face 63% AI exposure in 2025. Discover how AI is transforming debt recovery and what it means for collections careers.
Bank tellers face 76% AI exposure and 72/100 automation risk in 2025, among the highest in financial services. What is next for branch banking.
Financial fraud investigators face 63% AI exposure but only 46/100 automation risk. AI detects patterns, but humans build cases.
Compliance analysts face 56% AI exposure in 2025 with 46/100 automation risk. How AI is reshaping regulatory compliance work.
Treasury analysts see 55% AI exposure in 2025 with 42/100 automation risk. Here is how AI is reshaping corporate treasury.
Financial controllers face 62% AI exposure but only 46/100 automation risk. Why the gap matters for your career in corporate finance.
Mortgage loan processors face 73% AI exposure — among the highest in financial services. What this means for mortgage professionals.
Claims examiners see 60% AI exposure in 2025 with automation risk at 55/100. Here is what matters for your career in insurance claims.
Insurance underwriters face 64% AI exposure in 2025. Here is what the data says about automation risk and what it means for your career.
Precision agriculture AI tools benefit organic farming, but managers who balance ecology, certification, and business judgment are irreplaceable.
AI improves sorting and contamination detection, but recycling coordinators who manage programs, educate communities, and build markets for materials remain vital.
AI-powered sorting robots and route optimization are changing waste management, but specialists who design systems and navigate regulations remain in demand.
AI optimizes treatment processes, but operators who manage critical infrastructure and respond to emergencies keep public health safe.
AI monitoring systems detect violations faster, but inspectors who investigate, enforce regulations, and hold polluters accountable remain essential.
AI improves tree health diagnostics and urban canopy analysis, but arborists who climb, prune, and make risk assessments in the field are far from replaceable.
AI surveillance and drone patrols expand monitoring capabilities, but wardens who enforce wildlife laws and manage public interactions remain irreplaceable.
AI transforms genomic analysis and livestock monitoring, but animal scientists who design research, interpret results, and manage welfare bring judgment AI lacks.
Drones and AI image analysis are transforming crop and livestock inspection, but human inspectors who enforce regulations and make judgment calls remain necessary.
AI accelerates formulation and quality testing, but food scientists who develop products people actually want to eat bring sensory expertise machines lack.
AI visualization tools transform the design process, but set designers who create physical and virtual environments for performance bring irreplaceable spatial creativity.
AI-powered DMX systems and automated fixtures change how lighting is controlled, but the creative vision behind a lighting design remains a human art.
AI handles more production tasks, but technical directors who manage complex live and recorded productions are adapting, not disappearing.
AI motion tracking advances, but dance/movement therapy depends on embodied therapeutic relationships that technology fundamentally cannot provide.
AI can generate music and analyze brain responses, but music therapy depends on a trained clinician reading and responding to patients in real time.
AI art tools are everywhere, but art therapy is about the therapeutic relationship, not the artwork. Here is why this profession is remarkably AI-resistant.
AI is streamlining deal analysis and opportunity matching, but the relationship-driven negotiation at the heart of talent representation resists automation.
AI databases and facial analysis tools are changing casting workflows, but the creative intuition behind great casting decisions remains deeply human.
CGI and AI motion capture are reshaping stunts, but coordinators who manage safety, choreograph action, and lead teams remain irreplaceable. Here is the analysis.
AI is automating repetitive testing, but game testers who evaluate player experience and creative intent remain essential. Here is what the data shows.
MIS directors face 52% AI exposure but just 27% automation risk. AI makes IT management more complex, increasing demand for skilled technology leaders.
Operations research analysts face 50% AI exposure with 32% automation risk. AI is automating modeling tasks, but problem framing and strategic insight stay human.
QA managers face 55% AI exposure in 2025 and 41% automation risk. AI is transforming inspection and testing, but quality culture requires human leadership.
Training managers face just 30% AI exposure and 20% automation risk. While AI transforms content creation, human leadership in learning and development stays critical.
Benefits analysts face 52% AI exposure and 35% automation risk. Data analysis is being automated, but employee communication and plan design stay human.
Labor relations specialists face just 28% AI exposure and 20% automation risk — among the lowest of any business role. Here is why humans are irreplaceable in labor relations.
Compensation managers face 42% AI exposure with 35% automation risk. Salary analytics are being automated, but pay strategy requires human judgment.
Purchasing managers face 44% AI exposure with 32% automation risk. Vendor relationships and strategic sourcing keep human judgment central.
Logistics managers face 55% AI exposure but 35% automation risk. People management and crisis response keep humans essential in logistics leadership.
Supply chain analysts face 52% AI exposure and 40% automation risk — among the highest in business analytics. But strategic decision-making keeps humans central.
Water resource engineers face 36% AI exposure but only 24% automation risk. Growing water challenges make this profession more critical than ever.
Safety engineers face 38% AI exposure with 28% automation risk. Workplace inspections and regulatory judgment keep this profession firmly human.
Fire protection engineers face 40% AI exposure but only 27% automation risk. Safety codes and physical inspections keep this profession human-centered.
Mining engineers face moderate AI exposure around 35%, but the physical demands of mine operations and safety requirements keep automation risk below 25%.
Marine engineers face 42% AI exposure in 2025, but the physical demands of ship systems and ocean environments keep automation risk at 28%.
Nuclear engineers face 32% AI exposure with just 22% automation risk. The safety-critical nature of nuclear work keeps humans firmly in charge.
Petroleum engineers face moderate AI exposure in reservoir modeling and data analysis, but fieldwork and drilling decisions keep humans firmly in control.
Chemical engineers see growing AI exposure in process simulation and data analysis, but hands-on lab work and safety oversight keep automation risk moderate.
Aerospace engineers face 45% AI exposure, but their hands-on testing and safety-critical judgment keep automation risk at just 28%. Here is what that means for your career.
Clinical research coordinators face 56% AI exposure as AI transforms trial documentation, but participant recruitment and care remain human.
Biostatisticians face 58% AI exposure but +31% job growth. AI automates data analysis while human judgment in study design remains critical.
Genetic counselors face 62% AI exposure but only 40/100 automation risk. AI interprets genomes faster, but patients still need a human guide.
Podiatrists face moderate AI exposure around 35% with surgical and patient care skills firmly protected from automation.
Audiologists face 30% AI exposure with +11% job growth. AI automates record-keeping but cannot replace patient counseling or device fitting.
Ophthalmic technicians face 48% AI exposure as AI retinal imaging transforms diagnostics, but patient-facing skills keep this role human.
Medical equipment preparers have just 16% AI exposure. Physical sterilization and equipment handling remain firmly human tasks.
Funeral service workers face just 26% AI exposure. Embalming and grief support remain deeply human, while paperwork gets automated.
Dental lab technicians face a 35% AI exposure rate with automation augmenting CAD/CAM design while hand-crafting skills remain essential.
Scaffold erectors have very low AI exposure. Assembling scaffold components automates at just 5%, while safety inspections use AI for calculations at 42%.
Highway maintenance workers face low AI exposure. Equipment operation automates at just 10%, while documentation hits 45%. The physical world wins.
Tour guides face 40% automation risk. Booking logistics automate at 60%, but live storytelling at historic sites remains at just 10%.
Fast food workers have low AI exposure but face automation from robotics and kiosks. Payment handling is 70% automatable while food prep stays at 25%.
Emergency management directors face 37% automation risk. AI enhances planning and communications but cannot lead disaster response in real time.
Structural engineers face medium AI exposure with 58% design automation but only 18% site inspection automation. Physics does not negotiate.
Program managers face 43% automation risk. Status reporting is 82% automatable, but stakeholder alignment and escalation management stay deeply human.
Cost estimators face 62% automation risk — one of the highest among business professions. Data compilation is 88% automatable. Client relationships may be the lifeline.
Sports data analysts face very high AI exposure with 75% automation on core statistical tasks. But presenting insights to coaches keeps this role human.
Chief Data Officers face 34% automation risk but 70% AI exposure. The CDO role is transforming from data governance into AI governance — those who adapt will thrive.
Youth program directors face moderate AI risk. Program management gets smarter, but mentoring and youth development remain deeply human endeavors.
Community organizers face one of the lowest AI risks of any profession. Building movements requires trust, relationships, and human presence.
Child welfare caseworkers face low AI risk. Investigating abuse, making safety decisions, and supporting families require irreplaceable human skills.
Rehabilitation counselors face one of the lowest AI risks in healthcare. Helping people with disabilities requires human advocacy that machines cannot provide.
Substance abuse counselors face low-moderate AI risk. Recovery support requires trust, empathy, and human connection that technology cannot replicate.
Reading specialists face low-moderate AI risk. Adaptive reading tools help, but diagnosing and addressing reading difficulties remains deeply human.
School librarians face moderate AI risk as catalog systems automate, but their role as information literacy educators grows more critical.
Career counselors face moderate AI disruption but their core skill — understanding people — keeps them essential. Here is the full analysis.
Training coordinators face moderate AI disruption as learning platforms evolve. Here is what the data says about the future of corporate training.
Teaching assistants face one of the lowest AI automation risks in education. Here is why human presence in the classroom matters more than ever.
Government auditors face about 35% automation risk. AI transforms data analysis and compliance checks, but the judgment to investigate fraud and hold agencies accountable stays human.
Regulatory affairs specialists face 30% automation risk with 54% AI exposure. AI monitors regulations at 75% automation, but cross-functional strategy stays human.
Immigration officers face about 25% automation risk. AI speeds document verification and background checks, but the life-altering decision to admit or deny remains a human call.
Customs brokers face 35% automation risk but +4% BLS growth. AI handles duty calculations at 82% while trade compliance advisory remains firmly human.
Tax examiners face 50% automation risk with 64% AI exposure — one of the highest in government. BLS projects -4% decline through 2034.
City managers face about 22% automation risk. AI optimizes budgets and infrastructure data, but governing a community requires political and interpersonal skills no algorithm has.
Legislative assistants face 30% automation risk today but could reach 52% by 2028. AI dominates policy research while stakeholder coordination stays human.
Law professors face just 20% automation risk. AI handles grading at 62% automation, but Socratic teaching and scholarly mentorship remain irreplaceable.
Legal investigators face just 20% automation risk. AI dominates database searches at 82%, but surveillance and witness interviews remain stubbornly human.
Estate planning attorneys face 28% automation risk today — but AI is reshaping how wills and trusts get drafted. Here is what the data actually says.
Oncologists face roughly 19% automation risk. AI accelerates genomic analysis and treatment matching, but treatment decisions and patient relationships remain deeply human.
Gastroenterologists face about 18% automation risk. AI transforms endoscopy with real-time polyp detection, but procedural expertise and complex disease management stay human.
Urologists face approximately 16% automation risk. AI improves diagnostic imaging and pathology analysis, but surgical procedures and patient counseling remain irreplaceable.
Ophthalmologists face roughly 20% automation risk as AI revolutionizes retinal imaging analysis. But eye surgery and comprehensive patient management keep this specialty secure.
Neurologists face 24% automation risk with 36% AI exposure. AI excels at neuroimaging interpretation, but the neurological exam and complex diagnosis remain distinctly human.
Obstetricians face roughly 12% automation risk. AI enhances fetal monitoring and risk prediction, but labor management and delivery require hands-on expertise no algorithm can provide.
Orthopedic surgeons face roughly 15% automation risk as AI improves imaging analysis and surgical planning. But operating room skills and patient management keep this specialty deeply human.
Psychiatrists face just 9% automation risk with 35% AI exposure. AI enhances diagnostic assessments, but therapy and the therapeutic alliance remain profoundly human.
Pediatricians show just 10% automation risk despite 28% AI exposure. Clinical documentation gets automated, but examining children and reassuring parents remains irreplaceable.
Cardiologists face 22% automation risk as AI transforms cardiac imaging and diagnostics. Yet patient relationships, complex interventions, and clinical judgment keep this specialty firmly human.
Industrial ecologists face 42% AI exposure but only 27% automation risk. AI enhances life cycle analysis while systems-level sustainability strategy stays human.
Facilities managers face 37% AI exposure but only 28% automation risk. Smart building tech helps but physical presence and judgment remain essential.
Geographic information scientists face 48% AI exposure but only 36% automation risk. AI accelerates spatial analysis while context-driven mapping stays human.
Bioinformatics scientists face 68% AI exposure and 48% automation risk. AI revolutionizes genomic analysis while scientific interpretation demands human expertise.
PR managers face 47% AI exposure but only 34% automation risk. AI streamlines media monitoring while crisis management and relationship building stay human.
Sociologists face 48% AI exposure but only 35% automation risk. AI transforms data analysis while understanding human society remains a deeply human endeavor.
Art directors face 58% AI exposure and 44% automation risk. AI tools transform production speed while creative leadership and brand vision remain human.
Writers face 68% AI exposure and 60% automation risk -- among the highest of any profession. But the most human forms of writing may be the most enduring.
Information security analysts face 50% AI exposure but only 26% automation risk. AI supercharges threat detection while human judgment drives defense strategy.
Family medicine physicians face 38% AI exposure but only 32% automation risk. AI enhances diagnostics while the doctor-patient relationship remains irreplaceable.
Fitness instructors face just 9% AI exposure and 7% automation risk. AI apps design workouts, but demonstrating form and motivating clients stays profoundly human.
Childcare workers face just 8% AI exposure and 5% automation risk. Physical supervision, emotional nurturing, and safety demand human presence that no robot can replicate.
Funeral attendants face just 8% AI exposure and 5% automation risk. In a profession built on physical presence and emotional support, AI has almost no foothold.
OHS specialists face 44% AI exposure and 34% automation risk. Report writing automates fast, but walking a factory floor still demands human eyes.
Speech-language pathologists face just 18% AI exposure and 11% automation risk. With 15% BLS growth projected, this therapy career is among the safest in healthcare.
Crossing guards face just 4% automation risk. Smart traffic signals exist, but protecting children requires human presence.
Landscapers and grounds maintenance workers face 15% automation risk. Robotic mowers handle flat lawns, but real landscaping demands human creativity.
Pest control workers face 16% automation risk. AI is changing how we find pests, but eliminating them still requires boots on the ground.
Crane operators face 8% automation risk. When tons of steel swing overhead, human judgment remains irreplaceable.
Autonomous mining trucks run on flat routes, but urban excavation remains a human game. Here is why experienced operators stay in demand.
Construction painters face just 5% automation risk. From prep work to finishing touches, here is why AI cannot match a skilled painter's eye.
Roofers face just 4% automation risk with 6% AI exposure. Steep pitches, unpredictable weather, and brute-force labor keep this trade firmly in human hands.
Construction laborers face just 4% automation risk. Here's why physical work on chaotic job sites remains firmly human territory.
Executive assistants face 71% AI exposure with 61% automation risk -- among the highest in office roles. Calendar management and drafting are heavily automated, but strategic gatekeeping endures.
Office managers face 61% AI exposure with 50% automation risk. AI handles scheduling and supply ordering, but coordinating people and solving unexpected problems requires human judgment.
Procurement clerks face 68% AI exposure with 63% automation risk -- among the highest in office roles. E-procurement platforms are rapidly automating order processing and vendor comparison.
HR specialists face 58% AI exposure with 44% automation risk. AI transforms recruiting and screening, but employee relations and cultural judgment remain irreplaceable.
Technical support engineers face 61% AI exposure with 55% automation risk. Routine diagnostics are highly automated, but complex escalations keep humans indispensable.
Computer support specialists face 40% AI exposure with 33% automation risk. AI chatbots handle routine tickets, but complex troubleshooting still demands human skills.
Systems administrators face 55% AI exposure with 44% automation risk in 2025. Patching and user management are heavily automated, but incident response and planning still need humans.
Database architects face 55% AI exposure with 40% automation risk, both rising sharply. AI excels at query optimization but struggles with enterprise-scale design decisions.
Network engineers face 48% AI exposure today, rising to 67% by 2028. While AI automates routine configuration, human expertise in architecture and troubleshooting remains essential.
Home health aides face just 10% automation risk and 21% job growth through 2034. The most AI-proof healthcare job with the fastest growth.
Pharmacy technicians face 42% automation risk as robotic dispensing and AI verification reshape the field. But patient interaction keeps humans essential.
Medical records specialists face 62% automation risk -- the highest among healthcare support roles. AI coding tools are reshaping the profession fast.
Surgical technologists face just 13% automation risk. Robotic surgery is growing but the hands-on scrub role remains irreplaceably human.
Respiratory therapists face 23% automation risk. AI excels at ventilator monitoring but bedside airway management remains firmly human.
Veterinary technicians face just 14% automation risk. AI is transforming lab work and records but cannot replace hands-on animal care.
Financial planners face 43% automation risk as robo-advisors grow, but human trust and complex planning keep this profession growing at +17%. Here is the data.
Registered nurses face just 12% automation risk despite growing AI adoption in healthcare. Here is what the data shows about AI and nursing in 2025.
Auto mechanics face just 12% automation risk despite AI-powered diagnostics. Here is why hands-on repair skills remain irreplaceable in 2025.
Airline pilots face 14% automation risk despite advanced autopilot systems. Here is what the data shows about AI in aviation and why the cockpit still needs humans.
Automated valuation models handle routine appraisals, but unique properties, legal disputes, and the judgment behind a final number keep human appraisers in the picture.
Title examination — searching records and verifying property ownership — is exactly the kind of pattern-matching, document-heavy work that AI does best. The risk is real and accelerating.
Court administrators face one of the highest AI exposure rates in public service. Caseflow scheduling, budget reporting, and records management are being automated fast.
Smart locks and digital security are booming, but someone still has to install, repair, and troubleshoot them. Locksmiths face one of the lowest AI risks of any profession.
AI is supercharging background checks and data mining for investigators, but surveillance, witness interviews, and courtroom-ready evidence still demand human judgment and fieldwork.
AI can streamline funeral logistics and paperwork, but grief counseling, ceremony personalization, and compassionate guidance through loss require something no algorithm possesses.
AI is improving lens design and prescription interpretation, but the precise physical fitting, face-to-face consultation, and custom adjustments keep opticians firmly in demand.
AI is revolutionizing dental imaging and records, but the chairside assistant who hands instruments, comforts patients, and keeps the clinic running is irreplaceable for now.
With only 11% automation risk and 14% AI exposure, flight attendants are among the most AI-resilient professions. Physical presence, safety judgment, and human empathy cannot be automated away.
AI tools are reshaping how properties are listed, valued, and marketed — yet closing a deal still depends on trust, negotiation, and local expertise that algorithms cannot replicate.
AI supercharges environmental data analysis, but conservation planning demands the kind of ecological judgment and community engagement only humans provide.
AI is revolutionizing how zoos monitor animal health and behavior, but the daily physical care and emotional connection zookeepers provide remain irreplaceable.
AI is transforming marine navigation and weather monitoring, but the unpredictable sea and split-second crew safety decisions keep fishing captains at the helm.
AI is improving veterinary diagnostics, but the hands-on care and animal handling that define this role resist automation entirely.
AI accelerates soil data analysis and mapping, but field sampling and land-use advisory work keep soil scientists firmly rooted.
AI is accelerating forest data analysis and mapping, but the physical, unpredictable work of managing forests keeps technicians essential.
AI is transforming how wildlife data is analyzed, but field research and conservation judgment remain firmly in human hands.
AI can generate site plans faster than ever, but landscape architecture demands a creative, ecological, and human-centered vision that algorithms cannot replicate.
Agricultural engineers face growing AI exposure in data analysis and modeling, but hands-on innovation and field adaptation keep them indispensable.
AI is transforming agriculture with precision farming tools, but physical fieldwork and adaptive decision-making keep farmers essential. Here is what the data shows.
Programmatic platforms automate bidding, placement, and audience targeting at 82% automation. At 62% exposure and 52% risk, media buyers face transformation -- but rate negotiation keeps humans in the deal.
AI can write press releases and monitor sentiment. But deciding what an organization says during a crisis -- and what it does not -- requires human judgment. At 47% exposure, comms leadership adapts.
AI generates reports, runs A/B tests, and optimizes funnels automatically. At 65% exposure and 52% risk, digital marketing analysts face transformation -- but 13% job growth tells a different story.
AI can research keywords, audit sites, and write meta descriptions faster than any human. At 68% exposure and 55% risk, SEO faces the irony of being disrupted by the technology it optimizes for.
AI generates posts, analyzes engagement, and schedules content across platforms. At 60% exposure and 48% risk, social media management is transforming fast -- but strategy stays human.
AI transcription hits 90% automation, and editing tools can clean audio in minutes. Yet producing a podcast that audiences love still demands human creative vision. The data tells a split story.
AI can auto-edit video and generate captions instantly. But when a transmitter fails during a live broadcast, you need human hands. At 41% exposure and 31% risk, broadcast tech evolves.
AI editing tools process millions of documents daily, yet the best human editors remain indispensable. At 65% exposure and 52% automation risk, editing is being transformed -- not eliminated.
AI can draft a press release in 30 seconds and monitor media sentiment across millions of sources. With 56% exposure and 43% automation risk, PR specialists face real transformation.
AI can generate 1,000 product concepts in the time it takes to sketch one. At 50% exposure, industrial design is the creative field most transformed by AI.
Every mass-produced product starts with a tool or die made by human hands. At 15% AI exposure, this precision craft remains firmly human territory.
AI can simulate circuits in seconds and auto-generate PCB layouts. But debugging a malfunctioning board still requires a human with a multimeter. Here is the data.
Wind turbine technicians work 300 feet in the air in all weather. AI helps monitor turbines remotely, but the physical reality makes this job nearly automation-proof.
Solar installation jobs are growing 48% through 2034, and AI exposure is just 14%. Here is why climbing on a roof is the ultimate job security.
Robotics engineers face 50% AI exposure, yet demand for their skills has never been higher. Here is the paradox that defines this field.
AI can predict when a machine will fail with 92% accuracy. But when the bearing actually seizes, you still need a human with a wrench. The data is reassuring.
AI-powered visual inspection can spot defects 10x faster than human eyes. But here is why quality inspectors are evolving, not disappearing.
CNC machines are getting smarter every year, but the gap between digital simulation and real-world metal cutting keeps operators essential. Here is the data.
AI can predict equipment failures and optimize tool paths, but it still cannot feel when a cut is going wrong. Here is what machinists need to know about their future.
AI can analyze burn patterns from photographs and cross-reference arson databases in seconds. But with 26% automation risk, the investigator sifting through ashes to find the origin point is not being replaced.
AI can review blueprints against building codes in minutes. But with 22% automation risk, the inspector who climbs into the crawl space to check the foundation is not going obsolete.
AI can analyze lab samples 10x faster than humans and spot contamination patterns across thousands of facilities. But 24% automation risk means inspectors who walk the factory floor are staying.
AI predicts hurricanes with stunning accuracy and maps damage from space. But someone still has to set up the shelter, distribute the water, and comfort the family who lost everything.
AI crisis chatbots have expanded access to mental health support. But when someone is on a bridge at 2 AM, it takes a human voice to bring them back. Here is what the data shows.
The lethal autonomous weapons debate has an answer most people miss: AI can fly the drone, but international law demands a human decides who it targets. Military leadership is AI-resistant by design.
With 40% automation risk and 57% AI exposure, intelligence analysts face the highest transformation in our public safety category. AI processes the data tsunami -- but who decides what it means?
AI X-ray scanners can flag suspicious containers in milliseconds. But the officer who decides whether to open that container -- and reads the nervous traveler's body language -- is not going anywhere.
AI-powered drones and wildlife cameras are transforming how parks are monitored. But with 14% automation risk, the ranger walking the trail is not going anywhere.
AI can triage data faster than any human, but it cannot perform CPR in the back of a moving ambulance. With just 12% automation risk, EMTs are among the most AI-resistant jobs in healthcare.
Environmental engineers face 44% AI exposure but only 23% automation risk. Compliance reports automate at 72%, yet field inspections and remediation design stay human.
AI can simulate traffic, model population growth, and generate zoning scenarios. But showing up at a community meeting at 7pm on a Tuesday? That is still your job.
AI can analyze biodiversity data and identify species from underwater footage, but diving into a coral reef to collect samples? That is still a human job. Here is what the data says.
AI can spot buried ruins from satellite images and reconstruct ancient pottery from fragments. But the trowel work? Still unmistakably human. Here is what our analysis reveals.
AI is transforming drug discovery and medical device design. But with a 33% automation risk and heavy regulatory requirements, biomedical engineers remain essential.
Google DeepMind's GraphCast can predict weather 10 days out in under a minute. Does that mean meteorologists are obsolete? Not even close. Here is why.
Statisticians have among the highest AI exposure of any profession at 78%, yet the BLS projects a staggering +30% job growth. Here is why both numbers are real.
AI-powered BI tools can now write SQL, build dashboards, and spot anomalies automatically. Does that spell the end for data analysts? The answer is more nuanced than you think.
AI can match DNA profiles in seconds and process digital evidence at scale. But collecting evidence at crime scenes and testifying in court? That is still a human job.
AI predicted 2.2 million new crystal structures in 2023. But someone still has to synthesize them in the lab. Here is why materials scientists are augmented, not automated.
Florists face 18% AI exposure with 12% automation risk. AI helps with orders and inventory, but creative floral design stays human. BLS projects -8% decline.
Baristas face 18% AI exposure with 20% automation risk. Self-service kiosks handle orders, but craft coffee and the cafe experience stay human.
Massage therapists face just 13% AI exposure with 9% automation risk. Physical touch cannot be replicated. Scheduling is 72% automated but hands-on care stays human.
Personal trainers face only 9% AI exposure with 7% automation risk. AI fitness apps grow fast, but hands-on coaching and motivation stay irreplaceable.
Housekeepers face just 9% AI exposure with 14% automation risk -- one of the most protected roles. Physical cleaning and attention to detail stay human.
Concierges face 58% AI exposure with 50% automation risk -- among the highest in hospitality. AI chatbots handle routine questions, but VIP service stays human.
Event planners face 39% AI exposure with 30% automation risk. AI drafts budgets and researches venues, but managing live events stays firmly human.
Sommeliers face 33% AI exposure with 30% automation risk. AI manages inventory and suggests pairings, but tasting, storytelling, and guest rapport stay human.
Food inspectors face 36% AI exposure with 26% automation risk. AI reviews compliance paperwork fast, but walking the floor and smelling spoilage stays human.
Restaurant managers face 35% AI exposure with 25% automation risk. AI handles scheduling and sales data, but customer relations and crisis management stay human.
AI predicts demand with 72% automation and analyzes logistics at 65%. But when a port strike cripples your supply network at 3 AM, no algorithm picks up the phone. Here is what 170,000 supply chain managers face.
Digital tracking hits 82% automation. Sorting by route is at 68%. Yet navigating to your apartment door stays at 18%. For 68,500 couriers, the split between digital and physical work tells the real AI story.
AI sorts mail faster than any human. But the walk from the truck to your door -- through rain, dogs, and broken steps -- remains stubbornly human. What does this mean for 330,000 mail carriers?
Autonomous trains make headlines, but railroad conductors face just 12% automation risk. Safety regulations, physical inspections, and split-second decisions keep humans firmly on board.
AI dispatch systems now handle 82% of route optimization. But when a driver calls in sick during a blizzard, algorithms still freeze up. Here is what dispatchers need to know.
The Yara Birkeland sails without a crew. But 10,400 ship engineers still maintain the world's merchant fleet. At 26% automation risk, the ocean remains stubbornly analog.
AI can calculate separation distances at 55% automation. But issuing clearances to pilots is only 30% automated. When the penalty for error is a midair collision, human judgment is not optional.
AI can predict demand with 78% automation. It cannot call a supplier at 2 AM when a container ship is stuck. Logistics coordinators face high exposure but even higher demand.
Amazon deploys robots by the hundreds of thousands. Warehouse employment keeps growing. At 21% automation risk but 70% automation on tracking tasks, the real story is not what you expect.
Amazon has 750,000+ warehouse robots. Autonomous forklifts exist. Yet forklift operator employment barely budges. The 21% automation risk tells only part of the story.
AI can generate a 3D avatar doing a backflip. It cannot stand in a rehearsal room and show a dancer why the pause before the turn matters more than the turn itself.
AI mastering plugins are everywhere. Yet the BLS projects +5% job growth for sound engineers through 2034. The reason is hiding in the gap between clean audio and great audio.
ChatGPT can write a screenplay in minutes. The 2023 WGA strike ensured writers get credited and compensated. Now the real battle is about who controls the creative vision.
ElevenLabs can clone your voice in thirty seconds. SAG-AFTRA fought to protect it. The real question is what happens to the 64,800 voice actors caught between technology and regulation.
DALL-E and Midjourney can generate stunning images in seconds. Yet the illustrators who are thriving in 2026 are the ones who realized that the brief was never really about the picture.
AI can write a blog post in 30 seconds and optimize it for search. It cannot build the audience trust that makes people actually click.
AI tools like Suno and Udio can generate a complete song in seconds. The music industry is still figuring out what that means.
AI can generate a storyboard in seconds and edit footage overnight. But filmmaking is fundamentally about directing human emotion, not pixels.
AI can predict next season's color palette with eerie accuracy. It cannot understand why a particular shade of blue makes people feel hopeful.
AI can generate a photorealistic 3D rendering in minutes that once took days. But interior design has never been about the rendering.
AI is automating 70% of legal research for public defenders, but courtroom advocacy at just 8% automation remains a fundamentally human act of justice.
AI risk prediction tools are transforming how probation officers assess offenders, but the human judgment that shapes rehabilitation outcomes resists automation at every turn.
With just 7% automation risk and 10% AI exposure, bailiffs represent the far end of the AI-resistant spectrum. You cannot automate a physical presence.
AI translation has reached 72% automation for routine interpretation, yet the legal stakes of courtroom language demand human precision that no algorithm can guarantee.
AI exposure for mediators has surged to 42%, yet the heart of dispute resolution, reading emotions, building trust, and crafting compromises, remains deeply human.
Patent attorneys face 59% AI exposure and 40% automation risk. AI dominates prior art searches, but patent claim drafting and IP litigation demand human expertise. BLS projects +8% growth.
Immigration lawyers face 50% AI exposure and only 35% automation risk. AI speeds up research and document prep, but courtroom advocacy and case strategy remain deeply human. BLS projects +8% growth.
Compliance managers face 57% AI exposure but only 42% automation risk. AI excels at regulatory monitoring, yet judgment and organizational culture remain firmly human. BLS projects +5% growth.
Notaries face a 72% automation risk and 76% AI exposure. Remote online notarization is surging, but identity verification and legal authority still require humans. Here is the full picture.
Court clerks face 58% AI exposure with document filing at 82% automation. But courtroom procedures and public assistance keep humans essential. Here is what the data shows.
Preschool teachers face just 7% automation risk -- the lowest in education. Young children need human warmth, physical care, and social guidance that no AI can provide.
Science teachers face 20-24% automation risk. AI simulations enhance learning, but lab safety, scientific inquiry, and mentoring remain irreplaceably human.
Math teachers face 20-24% automation risk. AI tutors like Khan Academy AI solve problems instantly, but building mathematical thinking requires a human teacher.
ESL teachers face 22% automation risk and 43% AI exposure. AI can generate exercises, but cultural empathy and pronunciation coaching stay human.
Education administrators face 35% automation risk and 40% AI exposure. Budgets and data analysis are being automated, but school leadership requires human judgment.
Academic advisors face 40% AI exposure and 20% automation risk. AI chatbots handle scheduling, but struggling students need a human who cares.
Curriculum designers face 50% AI exposure and 28% automation risk. AI can draft lesson plans in minutes -- but effective learning design still demands human expertise.
College professors face 46% AI exposure but only 22% automation risk. AI is transforming lectures and grading -- not replacing the minds behind them.
High school teachers have just 24% AI exposure and 20% automation risk. AI grades essays, but teenagers need mentors, not machines.
Elementary teachers face 42% AI exposure, but only 18% automation risk. AI can grade papers, but it cannot hug a crying 7-year-old.
AI scores credit applications at 92% automation, analyzes financial statements at 85%, and generates risk reports at 88%. With BLS projecting a 4% job decline, credit analysis is one of the professions most directly threatened by AI in financial services.
AI calculates insurance premiums at 82% automation and builds risk models at 75%. Yet the Bureau of Labor Statistics projects 23% job growth for actuaries through 2034. These contradictory numbers reveal a profession that AI is transforming, not destroying.
AI generates risk reports at 75% automation and monitors regulations at 70%. Yet risk managers face just 28% automation risk overall. The reason reveals everything about where AI ends and human judgment begins.
AI can now design surveys, analyze responses, and generate consumer insights in minutes. With 905,000 market research analysts in the U.S. and 60% of data analysis already automatable, the question is not whether AI changes this job -- it is how fast.
Microsoft Copilot generates Power BI reports from plain English. AI reads financial statements faster than any analyst. With 45% automation risk, business analysts face the most direct AI competition of any finance role.
AI can analyze organizational data 10x faster than a consulting team. But the $300 billion consulting industry runs on trust, not analysis. Management consultants face 40% automation risk — here is where it hits.
Algorithmic trading already dominates markets. Human traders are an endangered species on exchange floors. But the data reveals a more complex story about what happens when machines trade against machines.
AI can build a DCF model in 90 seconds. But it cannot read the room during a hostile takeover negotiation. Investment bankers face 36% automation risk — concentrated entirely in the wrong places.
Robo-advisors now manage over $1 trillion in assets. Yet demand for human financial advisors is growing at 7% through 2034. The data reveals why the handshake still matters more than the algorithm.
AI therapy chatbots like Woebot handle millions of conversations. But with just 8% automation in actual therapy sessions and exploding demand for mental health services, human therapists are more needed than ever.
AI can match dermatologist-level accuracy in diagnosing skin cancer from images. But with only 8% automation in biopsies and procedures, the 13,400 dermatologists in the US face augmentation, not replacement.
Anesthesiologists earn a median $303,000 and face 13% automation risk. AI monitors your vitals brilliantly -- but when a patient crashes on the table, split-second human judgment is the only thing that saves lives.
AI can read your X-ray and write your treatment notes, but it cannot crack your back. With just 5% automation in spinal adjustments and 12% overall risk, chiropractic is one of healthcare's most AI-resistant careers.
AI diet apps can track your macros and generate meal plans in seconds. But with only 15% automation in patient counseling and a 20% overall risk, nutritionists who master behavioral change are more valuable than ever.
Medical lab technicians face a 45% automation risk -- the highest among allied health professions. With 78% of sample analysis already automatable, this career demands strategic adaptation.
Speech-language pathologists face just 11% automation risk with 18% AI exposure. AI speech tools are powerful, but the deeply human nature of therapy keeps this profession secure.
Occupational therapists face just 10% automation risk. With 12% BLS growth and AI exposure of only 16%, this is one of healthcare's most secure career paths.
Dental hygienists face just 10% automation risk -- one of the lowest in healthcare. The physical nature of their work creates a natural moat against AI replacement.
PAs face a 23% automation risk, but BLS projects 20% job growth through 2034. The data reveals a profession where AI augments clinical judgment rather than threatens it.
QA engineers face 57% automation risk -- highest in tech. Yet BLS projects +25% growth. Manual testers out, strategic QA in.
Blockchain developers face 37% automation risk as AI audits 62% of smart contracts. The pivot to AI-blockchain integration defines the new opportunity.
Game developers face 44% automation risk as AI generates 72% of art assets. BLS projects +17% growth. Creative vision remains stubbornly human.
AI/ML specialists have the lowest automation risk in tech at just 18%. BLS projects +33% growth -- the fastest in the entire economy. The builders of AI are the last ones it will replace.
Mobile app developers face 49% automation risk, yet BLS projects +17% growth. The paradox: AI writes your code faster, but the world wants more apps than ever.
Cloud architects have just 25% automation risk -- one of the lowest in tech. With AI infrastructure demand surging, this is the rare profession AI is growing, not shrinking.
AI can automate 78% of infrastructure provisioning. But with +18% BLS growth projection and 42% automation risk, DevOps is booming, not dying.
AI can analyze metrics, draft PRDs, and synthesize feedback. But product management's core -- deciding what to build and why -- has only 26% automation risk.
AI design tools like Figma AI and Galileo generate wireframes in seconds. With 52% AI exposure but only 42% automation risk, UX designers face a split future.
Anthropic CEO Dario Amodei claims AI will write virtually all code within a year. With 68% AI exposure and 45% automation risk, here is what our data actually says.
Actors face 18% automation risk but the battle over AI in entertainment has already reshaped the industry. Deepfakes, voice cloning, and digital doubles are here.
Musicians face just 15% automation risk, yet AI music generation is exploding. Live performance stays untouchable while studio work faces real disruption.
Athletes face near-zero automation risk for core work. AI transforms training and analytics, but sport's irreplaceable heart is the human body.
With 68% automation risk and 85% document translation automation, translators face the sharpest AI disruption we track. The full story is complex.
Social workers face low AI automation risk despite growing tech tools. With risk scores of 11-26%, the profession's core -- human empathy and crisis judgment -- remains irreplaceable.
AI can now generate CAD designs at 62% automation and write technical specs at 70%. But with automation risk ranging from 22 to 35 out of 100 and robust job growth, engineering is being transformed, not replaced. Here is the full picture.
Midjourney can generate photorealistic building renders in seconds. AI can now optimize structural designs in minutes. But with an automation risk of 25/100 and site plans at just 48% automation, architecture remains firmly a human profession. Here is what the data shows.
Nurse practitioners are projected to grow 40% by 2034 -- the fastest rate in healthcare. But with AI now reading diagnostic data at 58% automation, how safe is this career really? Our data reveals the answer.
Bill Gates says AI tutors will be as good as any human tutor within 18 months. Meanwhile, AI can already grade essays with 72% of human accuracy. But with an automation risk of just 18/100, teaching is one of the most AI-resistant professions. Here is why.
AI can now match radiologists in reading chest X-rays and outperform dermatologists at spotting melanoma. But our data shows physicians face an automation risk of just 32/100. Here is what that paradox means for your career.
Ship captains face 27/100 automation risk with 36% AI exposure. AI excels at weather monitoring and route optimization, but human command judgment remains critical in maritime operations.
Physical therapists face just 14/100 automation risk. Their hands-on clinical work makes them among the most AI-resilient healthcare professionals.
Waiters and waitresses face just 7/100 automation risk with 9% AI exposure. Digital ordering and payment processing are growing, but the interpersonal core of table service resists automation.
Database administrators face 48% overall AI exposure at the high level. Cloud-managed databases and AI-driven optimization are automating routine DBA tasks, but complex architecture and security decisions remain human-driven.
Radiologists face 34/100 automation risk with 50% exposure -- yet AI is becoming their most powerful tool. Here is what the data actually shows.
Optometrists face 24/100 automation risk. AI excels at retinal screening but cannot replace comprehensive eye examinations and patient care.
Veterinarians face just 19% AI exposure and 12% automation risk — among the lowest in healthcare. With 19% BLS growth projected, this career is thriving.
Travel agents face 66/100 automation risk with 65% AI exposure and a projected -12% decline. AI already plans itineraries and books travel, but complex and luxury travel still need human expertise.
Advertising managers face 46/100 automation risk with 58% AI exposure. AI generates copy, analyzes campaigns, and optimizes budgets, but creative strategy and brand vision remain human.
Delivery drivers face 17/100 automation risk with 16% AI exposure. AI already plans their routes, but physically delivering packages to doorsteps remains a deeply human job.
Janitors face just 6/100 automation risk with 8% AI exposure. Smart building systems optimize scheduling, but physical cleaning and maintenance remain firmly human tasks.
Bakers face just 6/100 automation risk with 8% AI exposure. Inventory management gets automated, but the hands-on craft of mixing, shaping, and decorating baked goods resists AI completely.
Bartenders face just 4/100 automation risk with 6% AI exposure -- one of the lowest in any profession. The social, creative, and physical nature of bartending makes it nearly automation-proof.
Astronomers face 24/100 automation risk with 49% exposure. AI revolutionizes data processing but scientific discovery remains a human endeavor.
Geologists face 28/100 automation risk with 42% exposure. AI enhances subsurface modeling but field interpretation remains essential.
Legal secretaries face 40% overall AI exposure at the high level with an augment automation mode. AI drafting tools and case management systems are changing the role, but legal expertise and attorney support remain essential.
Video editors face 45/100 automation risk with 57% exposure. AI rough-cut tools are transforming workflows but creative storytelling stays human.
Data entry keyers face 58% overall AI exposure with a 72% automation risk, among the highest of any occupation. OCR, AI extraction, and automated workflows are rapidly eliminating manual data entry positions.
Construction managers face low AI exposure at just 25% overall in 2025, with 18% automation risk. The combination of physical site management, regulatory navigation, and human leadership keeps this role firmly in human hands.
IT managers face medium AI exposure at 52% overall in 2025, with 30% automation risk. As the executives responsible for AI implementation itself, IT managers are at the center of the transformation -- and more essential than ever.
Construction painters face a very-low AI exposure of just 7% with only 5% automation risk in 2025. Surface preparation, judgment calls, and physical dexterity keep this trade firmly in human hands.
HVAC mechanics face a very-low AI exposure level with just 7% overall exposure in 2025 and 6% automation risk. As buildings grow smarter, HVAC technicians become more essential, not less.
Special education teachers face just 12% automation risk and 16% overall AI exposure in 2025. The deeply personal, adaptive nature of special education makes it one of the most AI-resistant teaching roles.
Medical secretaries face 52% overall AI exposure at the high level with an automate mode. EHR automation and AI scheduling are transforming healthcare admin, but patient interaction and clinical coordination keep humans essential.
Web developers face 58% overall AI exposure at the very-high level. AI code generators like GitHub Copilot and v0 are transforming development workflows, but architecture, UX judgment, and complex problem-solving remain human strengths.
Judges face a medium automation risk of 35/100 with 40% AI exposure. AI is transforming legal research but judicial decision-making remains firmly human.
Clinical psychologists face a medium automation risk of 30/100 with 35% AI exposure. AI is augmenting research and documentation but therapy remains profoundly human.
Paralegals and legal assistants face a high automation risk of 50/100 with 62% AI exposure. AI is transforming legal support work but creating new opportunities.
Court reporters face a very high automation risk of 75/100 with 80% AI exposure. AI transcription is transforming this profession faster than almost any other.
Technical writers face 65/100 automation risk and 72% exposure -- the highest in arts and media. BLS projects a 2% decline. Here is the survival playbook.
Correctional officers have a very low automation risk of just 7/100 with only 9% AI exposure. Discover why corrections work remains one of the most AI-resistant occupations.
Telemarketers face an automation risk of 76/100 with 78% overall AI exposure, making this one of the most vulnerable occupations. Here is what the data reveals.
Detectives and investigators have a low automation risk of 20/100 with 25% AI exposure. Here is how AI is reshaping investigation without replacing investigators.
Retail salespersons have a low automation risk of 16/100 with just 26% AI exposure. Here is why in-person sales remain resilient against AI disruption.
Lifeguards face a very low automation risk of 8/100 with just 12% AI exposure. Learn why aquatic safety remains one of the most AI-resistant professions.
Sales managers face medium AI exposure at 43% overall in 2025, with 34% automation risk. AI is revolutionizing sales analytics and lead scoring, but the art of building client relationships and motivating sales teams remains irreplaceable.
Instructional designers face high AI exposure at 58% overall in 2025, with 48% automation risk. But as the "augment" classification shows, AI is transforming this role into something more strategic and more valuable.
Taxi drivers face 26/100 automation risk with 20% AI exposure. Robotaxis grab headlines, but regulatory, safety, and geographic barriers mean human drivers remain essential in most markets.
Claims adjusters face 45% overall AI exposure with a mixed automation mode. AI is streamlining straightforward claims, but complex investigations and on-site assessments still demand human expertise.
Librarians face high AI exposure at 50% theoretical but only 30% automation risk. As AI reshapes information access, librarians are evolving from gatekeepers to essential guides in a world drowning in data.
Budget analysts face 44% overall AI exposure with an augment automation mode. AI accelerates data processing and forecasting, but strategic fiscal planning and stakeholder negotiation remain firmly human.
Insurance underwriters face 52% overall AI exposure with a strong automate trend. AI-driven risk models are transforming pricing and approval, but complex commercial lines still need human underwriting expertise.
Biologists face 27/100 automation risk with 40% exposure. AI accelerates data analysis and modeling but fieldwork and experimental design stay human.
Hairdressers and cosmetologists face an estimated 5/100 automation risk. The deeply physical, creative, and personal nature of hair styling makes it one of the most automation-proof careers in existence.
Receptionists face 40% overall AI exposure at the medium level. AI-powered virtual reception systems handle calls and scheduling, but in-person hospitality, security, and facility management keep human receptionists in demand.
Training and development specialists face medium AI exposure at 40% overall but their automation mode is "augment." As upskilling becomes critical in the AI era, demand for skilled trainers is growing, not shrinking.
Brickmasons and blockmasons face just 6% automation risk and 9% overall AI exposure in 2025, making masonry one of the most AI-resistant construction trades. Here is the evidence.
Operations managers face medium AI exposure at 42% overall in 2025, with 33% automation risk. While AI is automating data analysis and reporting, the human elements of leadership, judgment, and cross-functional coordination remain essential.
AI files tax returns at 90% automation, calculates tax liability at 85%, and gathers financial documents at 65%. The Bureau of Labor Statistics projects a 15% decline in tax preparer jobs through 2034 -- the steepest drop in the business-and-financial category.
Customer service representatives face 55% overall AI exposure at the very-high level. AI chatbots and voice assistants handle routine inquiries, but complex problem-solving and emotional support still require human agents.
Security guards face 18% automation risk. AI surveillance is transforming monitoring, but human response and judgment remain essential.
Network administrators face 36% overall AI exposure at the medium level. While AI-driven network monitoring and SDN are automating routine tasks, complex troubleshooting, security, and hybrid infrastructure management keep humans essential.
Emergency medical technicians face a low automation risk of 12/100 with only 17% AI exposure. Here is why hands-on emergency care cannot be automated.
Compliance officers face a high automation risk of 48/100 with 62% AI exposure. AI is transforming regulatory monitoring but human judgment remains essential.
Epidemiologists face 45/100 automation risk with 58% exposure. AI transforms surveillance data analysis but outbreak response demands human judgment.
Bus drivers face just 9/100 automation risk with 8% AI exposure. While autonomous bus pilots expand, physical driving and passenger safety keep this role firmly human for now.
Animators face 48/100 automation risk with 59% exposure. AI in-betweening is transforming production but artistic vision remains irreplaceable.
Music directors face just 22/100 automation risk. AI can compose and arrange, but conducting live performance remains a profoundly human art.
Loan officers face 58% AI exposure and 50% automation risk — among the highest in financial services. Standard mortgages automate while complex lending grows.
Welders face 11% automation risk, but welding inspection is being transformed by AI. Here is what both roles need to know.
Medical assistants have a 34/100 automation risk but 15% BLS growth. AI is transforming admin tasks while preserving the clinical hands-on role.
Insurance agents face 42% AI exposure with 82% of quoting automated. But complex advisory work is growing — BLS projects 6% job growth through 2034.
With just 6% AI exposure and automation risk at 3/100, firefighting is one of the most AI-proof careers in existence. Here is why and how AI still plays a supporting role.
Surgeons face an automation risk of just 10/100, with actual surgical operations at only 8% automation. AI is augmenting diagnostic and documentation tasks while the operating room remains firmly in human hands.
With just 8% AI exposure and an automation risk of 5/100, plumbing is one of the most AI-resistant professions. Here is why the skilled trades remain secure and what plumbers should still know about AI.
With 57% AI exposure and lecture preparation at high automation, academia faces deep transformation. Here is what professors need to know about AI and the future of teaching.
Bookkeeping clerks face a 66/100 automation risk -- among the highest of any profession. With transaction recording at 80% automation and a projected 6% employment decline, this role is being fundamentally reshaped by AI.
With 50% AI exposure and legal research at 55% automation, the legal profession faces significant transformation. Here is what lawyers need to know about AI and their future.
Photography faces one of the highest automation risks in creative fields -- 45/100 with 55% overall exposure. Stock photography is being disrupted at 80% automation, while portrait and event photography remain human-driven.
Real estate agents face 42% AI exposure but only 30% automation risk. The profession is bifurcating: data-driven tasks automate while relationship-driven work grows more valuable.
Chemists face a moderate 28/100 automation risk with 36% overall exposure. AI is revolutionizing data analysis (68% automation) and literature review (60%), while laboratory experimentation remains at just 22% automation.
Cybersecurity analysts face just 16/100 automation risk despite 36% AI exposure. With 33% projected job growth and a median salary of $120,000, AI is the analyst's greatest tool -- and the reason they remain indispensable.
With 44% AI exposure and resume screening at 65% automation, HR management is evolving rapidly. Here is what the data shows for the future of HR professionals.
With 33% AI exposure and flight planning at 68% automation, aviation faces significant AI integration. But here is why pilots remain essential and what the data shows.
With 17% AI exposure and automation risk at 10/100, the culinary profession remains largely AI-resistant. Here is where AI helps and where it falls short in the kitchen.
With just 12% AI exposure and automation risk at 7/100, policing remains one of the most AI-resistant professions. But AI is changing how officers work in important ways.
At just 7% AI exposure and an automation risk of 5/100, carpentry is among the most AI-resistant trades. Here is what carpenters need to know about AI and their future.
With 44% AI exposure and status reporting at 72% automation, project management is transforming fast. Here is what project managers need to know to stay ahead.
Financial analysts face a 45/100 automation risk with 62% AI exposure -- among the highest in business. Yet BLS projects 9% growth through 2034. The paradox reveals how AI augments financial analysis rather than replacing analysts.
Data scientists face a 40/100 automation risk with 64% AI exposure, yet BLS projects an extraordinary 36% employment growth through 2034. The profession most exposed to AI is also one of the most in demand.
Administrative assistants face a significant 56/100 automation risk with 58% AI exposure and a projected 10% employment decline. With 3.5 million current jobs at stake, this is one of the largest workforce transitions driven by AI.
Journalists face a 44/100 automation risk with 58% overall AI exposure. Research and fact-checking lead at 65% automation, while live reporting and investigative journalism remain deeply human.
Environmental scientists face a low 26/100 automation risk with 46% AI exposure. Data analysis leads at 40% automation, but fieldwork, stakeholder engagement, and policy expertise keep this growing profession secure.
Auditors face a 48/100 automation risk with 62% AI exposure. Record examination leads at 78% automation and compliance verification at 70%, but professional judgment and accountability keep auditors essential.
With 55% AI exposure and strategy development at 40% automation, marketing management is among the most AI-affected leadership roles. Here is what the data reveals.
Pharmacists face a moderate automation risk of 28/100 with 44% overall AI exposure. Drug interaction checking leads at 55% automation, but patient counseling and clinical judgment keep this profession firmly in augment territory.
Dentistry remains one of the most automation-resistant healthcare professions. With hands-on procedures at the core of the job and BLS projecting 4% growth through 2034, AI is enhancing diagnostics without threatening dental careers.
Copywriters face 73% AI exposure with 82% automation in editing tasks. See how the advertising writing profession is being transformed.
Locomotive engineers have just 15% AI exposure and 13% automation risk. Learn why autonomous trains remain decades away from replacing human operators.
Despite endless headlines about autonomous vehicles, truck drivers have just 10% AI exposure and 5% task automation. With 2 million jobs and BLS projecting +4% growth, the data tells a different story.
With just 6% automation risk, 3% task automation, and BLS projecting +11% job growth, electricians are among the most AI-resilient workers in America. Here is why.
Software developers face 68% AI exposure yet BLS projects 17% job growth by 2034. Learn why AI augments rather than replaces developers.
With 85% code-writing automation and BLS projecting an 11% job decline, computer programmers face the highest AI disruption. But the full picture is more nuanced.
Physicists face 47% AI exposure with data analysis at 68% automation, but designing experiments remains at 15%. AI is becoming the most powerful tool since the particle accelerator.
With 85% billing automation and BLS projecting -8% decline, hotel desk clerks face real displacement. But resolving guest complaints stays at just 30% automation.
AI image generators are everywhere, but graphic designers face augmentation rather than replacement. With 55% exposure and BLS projecting +3% growth, the future is nuanced.
AI tutoring platforms can explain concepts at 65% automation, but motivating students remains at just 10%. Here is why human tutors still matter in the age of ChatGPT.
Hotel managers face 36% AI exposure with 65% automation in revenue optimization. Discover how AI is reshaping hospitality management.
School counselors have only 28% automation risk despite 40% AI exposure. Discover why one-on-one counseling remains nearly impossible to automate.
With 58% AI exposure and tax prep automation at 60%, accounting is transforming fast. Here is what 1.5 million accountants need to know about their future.
Paralegals face 62% AI exposure with case law research at 70% automation. Here is why the legal profession is transforming faster than most expect.
With just 26% AI exposure and only 8% automation in patient care, registered nurses are among the most AI-resistant professions. Here is why.