Anthropologists and Archeologists

Life, Physical, and Social Science Occupations

O*NET-SOC code: 19-3091.00

Study the origin, development, and behavior of human beings. May study the way of life, language, or physical characteristics of people in various parts of the world. May engage in systematic recovery and examination of material evidence, such as tools or pottery remaining from past human cultures, in order to determine the history, customs, and living habits of earlier civilizations.

AI exposure

Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Very high· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery high
Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
Source dataset (XLSX download)
Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.135
0.000Range of values carried here0.745
Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
Source dataset (CSV download)
Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.48
0.09Range of values carried here0.70
Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
Source dataset (PDF download)

What kind of figure this source publishes

The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.

AI exposure (OpenAI rubric)

30 rated tasks · 25 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (83.3%)

β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.

Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
All rated tasks are in the O*NET 31.0 task list.

Source: OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
Release: gh-main-0471612
License: MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI

Tasks

Task statements from the O*NET® 31.0 Database, core tasks first.

Task	Type	β (OpenAI)
Collect information and make judgments through observation, interviews, and review of documents.	Core	0.5
Research, survey, or assess sites of past societies and cultures in search of answers to specific research questions.	Core	0.5
Write about and present research findings for a variety of specialized and general audiences.	Core	1
Plan and direct research to characterize and compare the economic, demographic, health care, social, political, linguistic, and religious institutions of distinct cultural groups, communities, and organizations.	Core	0.5
Identify culturally specific beliefs and practices affecting health status and access to services for distinct populations and communities, in collaboration with medical and public health officials.	Core	0.5
Train others in the application of ethnographic research methods to solve problems in organizational effectiveness, communications, technology development, policy making, and program planning.	Core	0.5
Advise government agencies, private organizations, and communities regarding proposed programs, plans, and policies and their potential impacts on cultural institutions, organizations, and communities.	Core	0.5
Create data records for use in describing and analyzing social patterns and processes, using photography, videography, and audio recordings.	Core	0.5
Develop intervention procedures, using techniques such as individual and focus group interviews, consultations, and participant observation of social interaction.	Core	0
Develop and test theories concerning the origin and development of past cultures.	Core	0.5
Lead field training sites and train field staff, students, and volunteers in excavation methods.	Core	0
Collaborate with economic development planners to decide on the implementation of proposed development policies, plans, and programs based on culturally institutionalized barriers and facilitating circumstances.	Core	0.5
Conduct participatory action research in communities and organizations to assess how work is done and to design work systems, technologies, and environments.	Core	0
Organize public exhibits and displays to promote public awareness of diverse and distinctive cultural traditions.	Core	0.5
Formulate general rules that describe and predict the development and behavior of cultures and social institutions.	Core	0.5
Study archival collections of primary historical sources to help explain the origins and development of cultural patterns.	Core	0.5
Apply traditional ecological knowledge and assessments of culturally distinctive land and resource management institutions to assist in the resolution of conflicts over habitat protection and resource enhancement.	Core	0.5
Enhance the cultural sensitivity of elementary and secondary curricula and classroom interactions in collaboration with educators and teachers.	Core	0.5
Teach or mentor undergraduate and graduate students in anthropology or archeology.	Core	0.5
Write grant proposals to obtain funding for research.	Core	1
Study objects and structures recovered by excavation to identify, date, and authenticate them and to interpret their significance.	Supplemental	0.5
Describe artifacts' physical properties or attributes, such as the materials from which artifacts are made and their size, shape, function, and decoration.	Supplemental	0.5
Compare findings from one site with archeological data from other sites to find similarities or differences.	Supplemental	0.5
Record the exact locations and conditions of artifacts uncovered in diggings or surveys, using drawings and photographs as necessary.	Supplemental	0.5
Assess archeological sites for resource management, development, or conservation purposes and recommend methods for site protection.	Supplemental	0.5
Gather and analyze artifacts and skeletal remains to increase knowledge of ancient cultures.	Supplemental	0.5
Collect artifacts made of stone, bone, metal, and other materials, placing them in bags and marking them to show where they were found.	Supplemental	0
Consult site reports, existing artifacts, and topographic maps to identify archeological sites.	Supplemental	0.5
Clean, restore, and preserve artifacts.	Supplemental	0
Participate in forensic activities, such as tooth and bone structure identification, in conjunction with police departments and pathologists.	Supplemental	0.5

Occupation information

Korea classification links (KSCO)

Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.

KSCO code	KSCO title	Relation	Status
21214	인류학 및 고고학 연구원	exact	confirmed

Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)

Sources and attribution

This page includes information from the O*NET® 31.0 Database (https://www.onetcenter.org/database.html) by the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA). Used under the CC BY 4.0 license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). O*NET® is a trademark of USDOL/ETA. AI Changing Work has modified all or some of this information: the O*NET-SOC code, title and task statements are reproduced in English without change; task-type labels are shown in the page's language and tasks are listed core first; any Korean occupation title shown on the Korean-language page is AI Changing Work's translation; any KSCO-8 unit groups linked to this occupation were paired with it by AI Changing Work's judgment, and the relation labels and statuses are AI Changing Work's additions. USDOL/ETA has not approved, endorsed, or tested these modifications.

Any AI exposure figures on this page are published by third parties, not by AI Changing Work, and none is part of the O*NET information. OpenAI publishes task-level scores (MIT License) for O*NET 27.2 task statements; each is shown next to the O*NET 31.0 task statement with the same task ID, whose wording can differ from the 27.2 statement that was scored. OpenAI also publishes occupation-level scores for O*NET-SOC codes in the same release, and any such score is shown on the O*NET occupation with the same code. Anthropic publishes an observed exposure index in the Anthropic Economic Index (CC-BY), and the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics publishes relative AI exposure categories (public domain); both are published per SOC code, and each value is shown on every O*NET occupation with that code. The International Labour Organization publishes a generative AI exposure index in ILO Working Paper 140 (CC BY 4.0) for ISCO-08 unit groups; AI Changing Work links those groups to O*NET occupations by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC and 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC crosswalks as published, without case-by-case selection, and these crosswalks match many groups only in part. Where several unit groups are linked, each group's published value is listed, and any summary shows only the lowest and highest of those values with the number of groups; no exposure figure is averaged or recalculated. Any employment figures are published by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics for the SOC group containing this occupation. Each source is credited where its figures are shown.

O*NET OnLine: 19-3091.00 Anthropologists and Archeologists

KSCO 코드·명칭: 한국표준직업분류(제8차 개정) — 통계청 고시 제2024-328호 (2024-07-01 고시, 2025-01-01 시행). 저작권법 제7조 제2호의 고시 항목이다. 명칭 표기(가운뎃점·띄어쓰기)는 해설서 2차 정오 반영판의 표기를 따랐으며, 고시 항목표와는 18개 명칭에서 가운뎃점 글리프나 띄어쓰기만 다르다. 통계청은 2025년 10월 국가데이터처로 개편되었다. 이 페이지의 KSCO 연결은 통계청·국가데이터처의 공식 연계표가 아니다.

Full attribution and licenses