Cardiologists
Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Occupations- O*NET-SOC code
- 29-1212.00
Diagnose, treat, manage, and prevent diseases or conditions of the cardiovascular system. May further subspecialize in interventional procedures (e.g., balloon angioplasty and stent placement), echocardiography, or electrophysiology.
AI exposure
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
High· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.27–0.29· 2 ISCO-08 groups
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
- Data source: OpenAIPublished: 2023
0.231
0.000Range of values carried here0.844Scale, basis and source
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
ILO value for each linked ISCO-08 group
- ISCO-08 2211Generalist Medical Practitioners0.29
- ISCO-08 2212Specialist Medical Practitioners0.27
AI exposure (OpenAI rubric)
26 rated tasks · 18 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (69.2%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- 1 rated task is not in the O*NET 31.0 task list; its score is kept as published for O*NET 27.2.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
Tasks
Task statements from the O*NET® 31.0 Database, core tasks first.
| Task | Type | β (OpenAI) |
|---|---|---|
| Administer emergency cardiac care for life-threatening heart problems, such as cardiac arrest and heart attack. | — | 0 |
| Advise patients and community members concerning diet, activity, hygiene, or disease prevention. | — | 0.5 |
| Answer questions that patients have about their health and well-being. | — | 0.5 |
| Calculate valve areas from blood flow velocity measurements. | — | 0.5 |
| Compare measurements of heart wall thickness and chamber sizes to standards to identify abnormalities, using the results of an echocardiogram. | — | 0.5 |
| Conduct electrocardiogram (EKG), phonocardiogram, echocardiogram, or other cardiovascular tests to record patients' cardiac activity, using specialized electronic test equipment, recording devices, or laboratory instruments. | — | 0.5 |
| Conduct exercise electrocardiogram tests to monitor cardiovascular activity under stress. | — | 0.5 |
| Conduct research to develop or test medications, treatments, or procedures that prevent or control disease or injury. | — | 0.5 |
| Conduct tests of the pulmonary system, using a spirometer or other respiratory testing equipment. | — | 0 |
| Design and explain treatment plans, based on patient information such as medical history, reports, and examination results. | — | 0.5 |
| Diagnose cardiovascular conditions, using cardiac catheterization. | — | 0 |
| Diagnose medical conditions of patients, using records, reports, test results, or examination information. | — | 0.5 |
| Explain procedures and discuss test results or prescribed treatments with patients. | — | 0.5 |
| Inject contrast media into patients' blood vessels. | — | 0 |
| Monitor patients' conditions and progress, and reevaluate treatments, as necessary. | — | 0.5 |
| Observe ultrasound display screen, and listen to signals to record vascular information, such as blood pressure, limb volume changes, oxygen saturation, and cerebral circulation. | — | 0.5 |
| Obtain and record patient information, including patient identification, medical history, and examination results. | — | 0.5 |
| Operate diagnostic imaging equipment to produce contrast-enhanced radiographs of heart and cardiovascular system. | — | 0 |
| Order medical tests, such as echocardiograms, electrocardiograms, and angiograms. | — | 0.5 |
| Perform minimally invasive surgical procedures, such as implanting pacemakers and defibrillators. | — | 0 |
| Perform vascular procedures, such as balloon angioplasty and stents. | — | 0 |
| Prescribe heart medication to treat or prevent heart problems. | — | 0.5 |
| Recommend surgeons or surgical procedures. | — | 0.5 |
| Supervise or train cardiology technologists or students. | — | 0 |
| Talk to other physicians about patients to create a treatment plan. | — | 0.5 |
Occupation information
Sources and attribution
This page includes information from the O*NET® 31.0 Database (https://www.onetcenter.org/database.html) by the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA). Used under the CC BY 4.0 license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). O*NET® is a trademark of USDOL/ETA. AI Changing Work has modified all or some of this information: the O*NET-SOC code, title and task statements are reproduced in English without change; task-type labels are shown in the page's language and tasks are listed core first; any Korean occupation title shown on the Korean-language page is AI Changing Work's translation; any KSCO-8 unit groups linked to this occupation were paired with it by AI Changing Work's judgment, and the relation labels and statuses are AI Changing Work's additions. USDOL/ETA has not approved, endorsed, or tested these modifications.
Any AI exposure figures on this page are published by third parties, not by AI Changing Work, and none is part of the O*NET information. OpenAI publishes task-level scores (MIT License) for O*NET 27.2 task statements; each is shown next to the O*NET 31.0 task statement with the same task ID, whose wording can differ from the 27.2 statement that was scored. OpenAI also publishes occupation-level scores for O*NET-SOC codes in the same release, and any such score is shown on the O*NET occupation with the same code. Anthropic publishes an observed exposure index in the Anthropic Economic Index (CC-BY), and the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics publishes relative AI exposure categories (public domain); both are published per SOC code, and each value is shown on every O*NET occupation with that code. The International Labour Organization publishes a generative AI exposure index in ILO Working Paper 140 (CC BY 4.0) for ISCO-08 unit groups; AI Changing Work links those groups to O*NET occupations by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC and 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC crosswalks as published, without case-by-case selection, and these crosswalks match many groups only in part. Where several unit groups are linked, each group's published value is listed, and any summary shows only the lowest and highest of those values with the number of groups; no exposure figure is averaged or recalculated. Any employment figures are published by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics for the SOC group containing this occupation. Each source is credited where its figures are shown.
O*NET OnLine: 29-1212.00 Cardiologists
KSCO 코드·명칭: 한국표준직업분류(제8차 개정) — 통계청 고시 제2024-328호 (2024-07-01 고시, 2025-01-01 시행). 저작권법 제7조 제2호의 고시 항목이다. 명칭 표기(가운뎃점·띄어쓰기)는 해설서 2차 정오 반영판의 표기를 따랐으며, 고시 항목표와는 18개 명칭에서 가운뎃점 글리프나 띄어쓰기만 다르다. 통계청은 2025년 10월 국가데이터처로 개편되었다. 이 페이지의 KSCO 연결은 통계청·국가데이터처의 공식 연계표가 아니다.