- O*NET-SOC code
- 29-9099.01
Provide prenatal care and childbirth assistance.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Moderate· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.000
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.19–0.30· 3 ISCO-08 groups
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
ILO value for each linked ISCO-08 group
- ISCO-08 3222Midwifery Associate Professionals0.20
- ISCO-08 3230Traditional and Complementary Medicine Associate Professionals0.19
- ISCO-08 3259Health Associate Professionals Not Elsewhere Classified0.30
Task-level exposure
Show 14 hidden tasks36 rated tasks · 22 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (61.1%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- All rated tasks are in the O*NET 31.0 task list.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Inform patients of how to prepare and supply birth sites.O*NET Task ID 17480 | 1.0 |
Maintain documentation of all patients' contacts, reviewing and updating records as necessary.O*NET Task ID 17482 | 1.0 |
Complete birth certificates.O*NET Task ID 17492 | 1.0 |
Counsel women regarding the nutritional requirements of pregnancy.O*NET Task ID 17493 | 1.0 |
Recommend the use of vitamin and mineral supplements to enhance the health of patients and children.O*NET Task ID 17498 | 1.0 |
Provide patients with contraceptive and family planning information.O*NET Task ID 23926 | 1.0 |
Assess the status of post-date pregnancies to determine treatments and interventions.O*NET Task ID 17470 | 0.5 |
Conduct ongoing prenatal health assessments, tracking changes in physical and emotional health.O*NET Task ID 17472 | 0.5 |
Estimate patients' due dates and re-evaluate as necessary based on examination results.O*NET Task ID 17475 | 0.5 |
Evaluate patients' laboratory and medical records, requesting assistance from other practitioners when necessary.O*NET Task ID 17476 | 0.5 |
Identify, monitor, or treat pregnancy-related problems such as hypertension, gestational diabetes, pre-term labor, or retarded fetal growth.O*NET Task ID 17478 | 0.5 |
Identify tubal and ectopic pregnancies and refer patients for treatments.O*NET Task ID 17479 | 0.5 |
Obtain complete health and medical histories from patients including medical, surgical, reproductive, or mental health histories.O*NET Task ID 17483 | 0.5 |
Perform post-partum health assessments of mothers and babies at regular intervals.O*NET Task ID 17484 | 0.5 |
Provide information about the physical and emotional processes involved in the pregnancy, labor, birth, and postpartum periods.O*NET Task ID 17485 | 0.5 |
Provide, or refer patients to other providers for, education or counseling on topics such as genetic testing, newborn care, contraception, or breastfeeding.O*NET Task ID 17487 | 0.5 |
Refer patients to specialists for procedures such as ultrasounds or biophysical profiles.O*NET Task ID 17488 | 0.5 |
Compile and evaluate clinical practice statistics.O*NET Task ID 17491 | 0.5 |
Collaborate in research studies.O*NET Task ID 17494 | 0.5 |
Incorporate research findings into practice as appropriate.O*NET Task ID 17495 | 0.5 |
Provide information about community health and social resources.O*NET Task ID 17496 | 0.5 |
Treat patients' symptoms with alternative health care methods such as herbs or hydrotherapy.O*NET Task ID 17499 | 0.5 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (36)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Assist maternal patients to find physical positions that will facilitate childbirth. | Core |
| Monitor maternal condition during labor by checking vital signs, monitoring uterine contractions, or performing physical examinations. | Core |
| Provide comfort and relaxation measures for mothers in labor through interventions such as massage, breathing techniques, hydrotherapy, or music. | Core |
| Set up or monitor the administration of oxygen or medications. | Core |
| Assess birthing environments to ensure cleanliness, safety, and the availability of appropriate supplies. | Core |
| Assess the status of post-date pregnancies to determine treatments and interventions. | Core |
| Collect specimens for use in laboratory tests. | Core |
| Conduct ongoing prenatal health assessments, tracking changes in physical and emotional health. | Core |
| Develop, implement, or evaluate individualized plans for midwifery care. | Core |
| Establish and follow emergency or contingency plans for mothers and newborns. | Core |
| Estimate patients' due dates and re-evaluate as necessary based on examination results. | Core |
| Evaluate patients' laboratory and medical records, requesting assistance from other practitioners when necessary. | Core |
| Respond to breech birth presentations by applying methods such as exercises or external version. | Core |
| Identify, monitor, or treat pregnancy-related problems such as hypertension, gestational diabetes, pre-term labor, or retarded fetal growth. | Core |
| Identify tubal and ectopic pregnancies and refer patients for treatments. | Core |
| Inform patients of how to prepare and supply birth sites. | Core |
| Monitor fetal growth and well-being through heartbeat detection, body measurement, and palpation. | Core |
| Maintain documentation of all patients' contacts, reviewing and updating records as necessary. | Core |
| Obtain complete health and medical histories from patients including medical, surgical, reproductive, or mental health histories. | Core |
| Perform post-partum health assessments of mothers and babies at regular intervals. | Core |
| Provide information about the physical and emotional processes involved in the pregnancy, labor, birth, and postpartum periods. | Core |
| Provide necessary medical care for infants at birth, including emergency care such as resuscitation. | Core |
| Provide, or refer patients to other providers for, education or counseling on topics such as genetic testing, newborn care, contraception, or breastfeeding. | Core |
| Refer patients to specialists for procedures such as ultrasounds or biophysical profiles. | Core |
| Suture perineal lacerations. | Core |
| Test patients' hemoglobin, hematocrit, and blood glucose levels. | Core |
| Compile and evaluate clinical practice statistics. | Core |
| Counsel women regarding the nutritional requirements of pregnancy. | Core |
| Incorporate research findings into practice as appropriate. | Core |
| Provide information about community health and social resources. | Core |
| Recommend the use of vitamin and mineral supplements to enhance the health of patients and children. | Core |
| Treat patients' symptoms with alternative health care methods such as herbs or hydrotherapy. | Core |
| Provide patients with contraceptive and family planning information. | Core |
| Perform annual gynecologic exams, including pap smears and breast exams. | Core |
| Complete birth certificates. | Supplemental |
| Collaborate in research studies. | Supplemental |
0.05/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
Robot environment tiers (E0–E3)
E0 noneDetails
Rated not doable by robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated, even in a purpose-built setting
E1 purpose-built robot settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting built around the machine, such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line
E2 structured facilitiesDetails
Rated doable in a human work facility that an institution keeps to a working standard, such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port
E3 unstructured settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting that no institution keeps to a working standard, such as a private home or a construction site
Only tasks classified as physical are listed; other tasks have no tier in the source.
| Task (O*NET 29.3) | Robot environment tier |
|---|---|
| Assist maternal patients to find physical positions that will facilitate childbirth. | E0 none |
| Monitor maternal condition during labor by checking vital signs, monitoring uterine contractions, or performing physical examinations. | E0 none |
| Provide comfort and relaxation measures for mothers in labor through interventions such as massage, breathing techniques, hydrotherapy, or music. | E0 none |
| Set up or monitor the administration of oxygen or medications. | E0 none |
| Assess birthing environments to ensure cleanliness, safety, and the availability of appropriate supplies. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Assess the status of post-date pregnancies to determine treatments and interventions. | E0 none |
| Collect specimens for use in laboratory tests. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Conduct ongoing prenatal health assessments, tracking changes in physical and emotional health. | E0 none |
| Establish and follow emergency or contingency plans for mothers and newborns. | E0 none |
| Respond to breech birth presentations by applying methods such as exercises or external version. | E0 none |
| Identify, monitor, or treat pregnancy-related problems such as hypertension, gestational diabetes, pre-term labor, or retarded fetal growth. | E0 none |
| Monitor fetal growth and well-being through heartbeat detection, body measurement, and palpation. | E0 none |
| Perform post-partum health assessments of mothers and babies at regular intervals. | E0 none |
| Provide necessary medical care for infants at birth, including emergency care such as resuscitation. | E0 none |
| Suture perineal lacerations. | E0 none |
| Test patients' hemoglobin, hematocrit, and blood glucose levels. | E2 structured facilities |
| Treat patients' symptoms with alternative health care methods such as herbs or hydrotherapy. | E0 none |
| Perform annual gynecologic exams, including pap smears and breast exams. | E0 none |
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
Values for the whole SOC 29-9099 group (Healthcare practitioners and technical workers, all other), not for this O*NET occupation alone.
- Employment, 2025
- 39K
- Projected employment, 2035
- 41K
- Change (2025–35)
- +5.1%
- Median annual wage, 2025
- $65,790
- Typical education needed for entry
- Postsecondary nondegree award
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 24404 | 조산사 | Same scope | confirmed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 3222Midwifery Associate Professionals
- ISCO-08 3230Traditional and Complementary Medicine Associate Professionals
- ISCO-08 3259Health Associate Professionals Not Elsewhere Classified
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.
- midwifeESCO 2222.1Same scope
Midwives assist women in childbirth by providing the necessary support, care and advice during pregnancy, labour and the postpartum period, conduct births and provide care for the new-born. They advise on health, preventive measures, preparation for parenthood, detection of complications in mother and child, accessing of medical care, promoting normal birth and carrying out emergency measures.
- maternity support workerESCO 3222.1Overlapping, not the same
Maternity support workers work together in a team with midwives and health professionals within the occupational fields of nursing and midwifery. They assist midwives and women in childbirth by providing the necessary support, care and advice during pregnancy, labour and the postpartum period, assist births and assist in providing care for the new-born.
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| J1104 | Homme sage-femme / Sage-femme | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 2123 | Matronos | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
| 5710 | Trabajadores de los cuidados personales a domicilio | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 81353 | Berufe in der Geburtshilfe und Entbindungspflege - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | Same scopeprovisional |
| 81352 | Berufe in der Geburtshilfe und Entbindungspflege - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 132 | 助産師 | Same scope |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources