Tile and Stone Setters
Construction and Extraction Occupations- O*NET-SOC code
- 47-2044.00
Apply hard tile, stone, and comparable materials to walls, floors, ceilings, countertops, and roof decks.
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Low· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.000
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.10
0.09Range of values carried here0.70Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Task-level exposure
Exposed tasks only25 rated tasks · 4 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (16.0%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- All rated tasks are in the O*NET 31.0 task list.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
Tasks of O*NET-SOC 2010 occupation 47-2044.00 Tile and Marble Setters, linked to this occupation by the O*NET-SOC 2010 to 2019 crosswalk
| Task (O*NET 20.1) | Claude.aiRaw / share % |
|---|---|
Study blueprints and examine surface to be covered to determine amount of material needed.47-2044.00 | 0.002660.5 |
Select and order tile and other items to be installed, such as bathroom accessories, walls, panels, and cabinets, according to specifications.47-2044.00 | 0.001739.5 |
| Not observed on any surface — 23 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states. | |
Align and straighten tile using levels, squares, and straightedges. | —0 |
Determine and implement the best layout to achieve a desired pattern. | —0 |
Cut and shape tile to fit around obstacles and into odd spaces and corners, using hand and power cutting tools. | —0 |
Finish and dress the joints and wipe excess grout from between tiles, using damp sponge. | —0 |
Apply mortar to tile back, position the tile, and press or tap with trowel handle to affix tile to base. | —0 |
Mix, apply, and spread plaster, concrete, mortar, cement, mastic, glue or other adhesives to form a bed for the tiles, using brush, trowel and screed. | —0 |
Measure and mark surfaces to be tiled, following blueprints. | —0 |
Level concrete and allow to dry. | —0 |
Prepare surfaces for tiling by attaching lath or waterproof paper, or by applying a cement mortar coat to a metal screen. | —0 |
Cut, surface, polish, and install marble and granite or install pre-cast terrazzo, granite or marble units. | —0 |
Remove any old tile, grout and adhesive using chisels and scrapers and clean the surface carefully. | —0 |
Lay and set mosaic tiles to create decorative wall, mural, and floor designs. | —0 |
Remove and replace cracked or damaged tile. | —0 |
Mix and apply mortar or cement to edges and ends of drain tiles to seal halves and joints. | —0 |
Apply a sealer to make grout stain- and water-resistant. | —0 |
Prepare cost and labor estimates, based on calculations of time and materials needed for project. | —0 |
Build underbeds and install anchor bolts, wires, and brackets. | —0 |
Install and anchor fixtures in designated positions, using hand tools. | —0 |
Cut tile backing to required size, using shears. | —0 |
Assist customers in selection of tile and grout. | —0 |
Measure and cut metal lath to size for walls and ceilings, using tin snips. | —0 |
Spread mastic or other adhesive base on roof deck to form base for promenade tile, using serrated spreader. | —0 |
Brush glue onto manila paper on which design has been drawn and position tiles, finished side down, onto paper. | —0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Prepare cost and labor estimates, based on calculations of time and materials needed for project.O*NET Task ID 2854 | 1.0 |
Determine and implement the best layout to achieve a desired pattern.O*NET Task ID 2849 | 0.5 |
Measure and mark surfaces to be tiled, following blueprints.O*NET Task ID 2855 | 0.5 |
Study blueprints and examine surface to be covered to determine amount of material needed.O*NET Task ID 2859 | 0.5 |
Align and straighten tile using levels, squares, and straightedges.O*NET Task ID 2848 | 0.0 |
Cut and shape tile to fit around obstacles and into odd spaces and corners, using hand and power cutting tools.O*NET Task ID 2850 | 0.0 |
Finish and dress the joints and wipe excess grout from between tiles, using damp sponge.O*NET Task ID 2851 | 0.0 |
Apply mortar to tile back, position the tile, and press or tap with trowel handle to affix tile to base.O*NET Task ID 2852 | 0.0 |
Mix, apply, and spread plaster, concrete, mortar, cement, mastic, glue or other adhesives to form a bed for the tiles, using brush, trowel and screed.O*NET Task ID 2853 | 0.0 |
Level concrete and allow to dry.O*NET Task ID 2856 | 0.0 |
Build underbeds and install anchor bolts, wires, and brackets.O*NET Task ID 2857 | 0.0 |
Prepare surfaces for tiling by attaching lath or waterproof paper, or by applying a cement mortar coat to a metal screen.O*NET Task ID 2858 | 0.0 |
Cut, surface, polish, and install marble and granite or install pre-cast terrazzo, granite or marble units.O*NET Task ID 2860 | 0.0 |
Install and anchor fixtures in designated positions, using hand tools.O*NET Task ID 2861 | 0.0 |
Cut tile backing to required size, using shears.O*NET Task ID 2862 | 0.0 |
Remove any old tile, grout and adhesive using chisels and scrapers and clean the surface carefully.O*NET Task ID 2863 | 0.0 |
Lay and set mosaic tiles to create decorative wall, mural, and floor designs.O*NET Task ID 2864 | 0.0 |
Assist customers in selection of tile and grout.O*NET Task ID 2865 | 0.0 |
Remove and replace cracked or damaged tile.O*NET Task ID 2866 | 0.0 |
Measure and cut metal lath to size for walls and ceilings, using tin snips.O*NET Task ID 2867 | 0.0 |
Select and order tile and other items to be installed, such as bathroom accessories, walls, panels, and cabinets, according to specifications.O*NET Task ID 2868 | 0.0 |
Mix and apply mortar or cement to edges and ends of drain tiles to seal halves and joints.O*NET Task ID 2869 | 0.0 |
Spread mastic or other adhesive base on roof deck to form base for promenade tile, using serrated spreader.O*NET Task ID 2870 | 0.0 |
Apply a sealer to make grout stain- and water-resistant.O*NET Task ID 2871 | 0.0 |
Brush glue onto manila paper on which design has been drawn and position tiles, finished side down, onto paper.O*NET Task ID 2872 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
All O*NET 31.0 task statements (25)
All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.
| Task (O*NET 31.0) | Type |
|---|---|
| Align and straighten tile using levels, squares, and straightedges. | Core |
| Determine and implement the best layout to achieve a desired pattern. | Core |
| Cut and shape tile to fit around obstacles and into odd spaces and corners, using hand and power cutting tools. | Core |
| Finish and dress the joints and wipe excess grout from between tiles, using damp sponge. | Core |
| Apply mortar to tile back, position the tile, and press or tap with trowel handle to affix tile to base. | Core |
| Mix, apply, and spread plaster, concrete, mortar, cement, mastic, glue or other adhesives to form a bed for the tiles, using brush, trowel and screed. | Core |
| Measure and mark surfaces to be tiled, following blueprints. | Core |
| Level concrete and allow to dry. | Core |
| Prepare surfaces for tiling by attaching lath or waterproof paper, or by applying a cement mortar coat to a metal screen. | Core |
| Study blueprints and examine surface to be covered to determine amount of material needed. | Core |
| Cut, surface, polish, and install marble and granite or install pre-cast terrazzo, granite or marble units. | Core |
| Install and anchor fixtures in designated positions, using hand tools. | Core |
| Cut tile backing to required size, using shears. | Core |
| Remove any old tile, grout and adhesive using chisels and scrapers and clean the surface carefully. | Core |
| Lay and set mosaic tiles to create decorative wall, mural, and floor designs. | Core |
| Remove and replace cracked or damaged tile. | Core |
| Measure and cut metal lath to size for walls and ceilings, using tin snips. | Core |
| Mix and apply mortar or cement to edges and ends of drain tiles to seal halves and joints. | Core |
| Apply a sealer to make grout stain- and water-resistant. | Core |
| Prepare cost and labor estimates, based on calculations of time and materials needed for project. | Supplemental |
| Build underbeds and install anchor bolts, wires, and brackets. | Supplemental |
| Assist customers in selection of tile and grout. | Supplemental |
| Select and order tile and other items to be installed, such as bathroom accessories, walls, panels, and cabinets, according to specifications. | Supplemental |
| Spread mastic or other adhesive base on roof deck to form base for promenade tile, using serrated spreader. | Supplemental |
| Brush glue onto manila paper on which design has been drawn and position tiles, finished side down, onto paper. | Supplemental |
0.91/ 3· Robot exposure index
Scale, basis and source
Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time
Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks
Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.
The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.
Tier of each physical task
Robot environment tiers (E0–E3)
E0 noneDetails
Rated not doable by robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated, even in a purpose-built setting
E1 purpose-built robot settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting built around the machine, such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line
E2 structured facilitiesDetails
Rated doable in a human work facility that an institution keeps to a working standard, such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port
E3 unstructured settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting that no institution keeps to a working standard, such as a private home or a construction site
Only tasks classified as physical are listed; other tasks have no tier in the source.
| Task (O*NET 29.3) | Robot environment tier |
|---|---|
| Align and straighten tile using levels, squares, and straightedges. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Determine and implement the best layout to achieve a desired pattern. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Cut and shape tile to fit around obstacles and into odd spaces and corners, using hand and power cutting tools. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Finish and dress the joints and wipe excess grout from between tiles, using damp sponge. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Apply mortar to tile back, position the tile, and press or tap with trowel handle to affix tile to base. | E2 structured facilities |
| Mix, apply, and spread plaster, concrete, mortar, cement, mastic, glue or other adhesives to form a bed for the tiles, using brush, trowel and screed. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Measure and mark surfaces to be tiled, following blueprints. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Level concrete and allow to dry. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Prepare surfaces for tiling by attaching lath or waterproof paper, or by applying a cement mortar coat to a metal screen. | E0 none |
| Cut, surface, polish, and install marble and granite or install pre-cast terrazzo, granite or marble units. | E0 none |
| Install and anchor fixtures in designated positions, using hand tools. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Cut tile backing to required size, using shears. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Remove any old tile, grout and adhesive using chisels and scrapers and clean the surface carefully. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Lay and set mosaic tiles to create decorative wall, mural, and floor designs. | E0 none |
| Remove and replace cracked or damaged tile. | E0 none |
| Measure and cut metal lath to size for walls and ceilings, using tin snips. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Mix and apply mortar or cement to edges and ends of drain tiles to seal halves and joints. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Apply a sealer to make grout stain- and water-resistant. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Build underbeds and install anchor bolts, wires, and brackets. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Spread mastic or other adhesive base on roof deck to form base for promenade tile, using serrated spreader. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
| Brush glue onto manila paper on which design has been drawn and position tiles, finished side down, onto paper. | E1 purpose-built robot settings |
Occupation information
Employment outlook (BLS)
- Employment, 2025
- 45K
- Projected employment, 2035
- 50K
- Change (2025–35)
- +9.8%
- Median annual wage, 2025
- $55,690
- Typical education needed for entry
- No formal educational credential
Korea classification links (KSCO)
Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.
| KSCO code | KSCO title | Relation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 78342 | 타일 부착원 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
| 78343 | 대리석 부착원 | This occupation is broader | confirmed |
| 78230 | 건축 석공 | Overlapping, not the same | confirmed |
Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)
ILO occupational description
AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.
- ISCO-08 7122Floor Layers and Tile Setters
The definition, tasks and examples below are the ILO's description of that unit group, not of this occupation.
Floor layers and tile setters install, maintain and repair flooring, and cover floors, walls and other surfaces with carpets, tiles or mosaic panels for decorative or other purposes.
Tasks
- (a) preparing floor areas for covering with a variety of materials;
- (b) assembling carpet, tiles or other materials and laying them on floors according to design and other specifications;
- (c) preparing wall areas for covering with tiles or other materials for decorative or other purposes such as acoustic insulation;
- (d) setting tiles and constructing and laying mosaic panels to walls, floors and other surfaces.
Example occupations
Carpet layer · Marble setter · Parquetry worker · Tile setter
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO occupational vocabulary
Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.
- tile fitterESCO 7122.4This occupation is broader
Tile fitters install tiles onto walls and floors. They cut tiles to the right size and shape, prepare the surface, and put the tiles in place flush and straight. Tile fitters may also take on creative and artistic projects, with some laying mosaics.
- bricklayerESCO 7112.1Overlapping, not the same
Bricklayers assemble brick walls and structures by skilfully laying the bricks in an established pattern, using a binding agent like cement to bond the bricks together. They then fill the joints with mortar or other suitable materials.
- stonemasonESCO 7113.1Overlapping, not the same
Stonemasons manually carve and assemble stone for construction purposes. While CNC operated carving equipment is the industry standard, artisanal carving for ornamental stone is still done manually.
- tiling supervisorESCO 3123.1.25Overlapping, not the same
Tiling supervisors monitor tile fitting operations. They assign tasks and take quick decisions to resolve problems.
Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
France classification links (ROME)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.
| ROME code | ROME title (French) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| F1608 | Carreleur / Carreleuse | Same scopeprovisional |
| B1102 | Mosaïste d'art | Related, not a match |
| F1612 | Tailleur / Tailleuse de pierre | Related, not a matchprovisional |
| F1703 | Maçon / Maçonne | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
Spain classification links (CNO-11)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| CNO-11 code | CNO-11 title (Spanish) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 7240 | Soladores, colocadores de parquet y afines | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
| 7121 | Albañiles | Related, not a matchprovisional |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
Germany classification links (KldB)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| KldB code | KldB title (German) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 33112 | Berufe in der Fliesen-, Platten- und Mosaikverlegung - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | Same scope |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
Japan classification links (JSCO)
AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.
| JSCO code | JSCO title (Japanese) | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 662 | ブロック積・タイル張従事者 | This occupation is narrowerprovisional |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources