Maintenance and Repair Workers, General
Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Occupations- O*NET-SOC code
- 49-9071.00
Perform work involving the skills of two or more maintenance or craft occupations to keep machines, mechanical equipment, or the structure of a building in repair. Duties may involve pipe fitting; HVAC maintenance; insulating; welding; machining; carpentry; repairing electrical or mechanical equipment; installing, aligning, and balancing new equipment; and repairing buildings, floors, or stairs.
AI exposure
- Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Low· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.000
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
- Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.11
0.09Range of values carried here0.70Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
AI exposure (OpenAI rubric)
30 rated tasks · 6 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (20.0%)
β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.
- Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
- 3 rated tasks are not in the O*NET 31.0 task list; their scores are kept as published for O*NET 27.2.
- Source
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- Release
- gh-main-0471612
- License
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
Tasks
Task statements from the O*NET® 31.0 Database, core tasks first.
| Task | Type | β (OpenAI) |
|---|---|---|
| Assemble, install, or repair wiring, electrical or electronic components, pipe systems, plumbing, machinery, or equipment. | Core | 0 |
| Diagnose mechanical problems and determine how to correct them, checking blueprints, repair manuals, or parts catalogs, as necessary. | Core | 0.5 |
| Inspect, operate, or test machinery or equipment to diagnose machine malfunctions. | Core | 0 |
| Record type and cost of maintenance or repair work. | Core | 1 |
| Clean or lubricate shafts, bearings, gears, or other parts of machinery. | Core | 0 |
| Plan and lay out repair work, using diagrams, drawings, blueprints, maintenance manuals, or schematic diagrams. | Core | 0.5 |
| Adjust functional parts of devices or control instruments, using hand tools, levels, plumb bobs, or straightedges. | Core | 0 |
| Paint or repair roofs, windows, doors, floors, woodwork, plaster, drywall, or other parts of building structures. | Core | 0 |
| Align and balance new equipment after installation. | Core | 0 |
| Set up and operate machine tools to repair or fabricate machine parts, jigs, fixtures, or tools. | Core | 0 |
| Fabricate or repair counters, benches, partitions, or other wooden structures, such as sheds or outbuildings. | Core | 0 |
| Install equipment to improve the energy or operational efficiency of residential or commercial buildings. | Core | 0 |
| Dismantle machines, equipment, or devices to access and remove defective parts, using hoists, cranes, hand tools, or power tools. | Core | 0 |
| Perform routine maintenance, such as inspecting drives, motors, or belts, checking fluid levels, replacing filters, or doing other preventive maintenance actions. | Core | 0 |
| Repair machines, equipment, or structures, using tools such as hammers, hoists, saws, drills, wrenches, or equipment such as precision measuring instruments or electrical or electronic testing devices. | Core | 0 |
| Maintain or repair specialized equipment or machinery located in cafeterias, laundries, hospitals, stores, offices, or factories. | Core | 0 |
| Order parts, supplies, or equipment from catalogs or suppliers. | Core | 0.5 |
| Perform general cleaning of buildings or properties. | Core | 0 |
| Train or manage maintenance personnel or subcontractors. | Core | 0 |
| Estimate costs to repair machinery, equipment, or building structures. | Core | 0.5 |
| Design new equipment to aid in the repair or maintenance of machines, mechanical equipment, or building structures. | Core | 0.5 |
| Operate cutting torches or welding equipment to cut or join metal parts. | Supplemental | 0 |
| Inspect used parts to determine changes in dimensional requirements, using rules, calipers, micrometers, or other measuring instruments. | Supplemental | 0 |
| Assemble boilers at installation sites, using tools such as levels, plumb bobs, hammers, torches, or other hand tools. | Supplemental | 0 |
| Perform routine maintenance on boilers, such as replacing burners or hoses, installing replacement parts, or reinforcing structural weaknesses to ensure optimal boiler efficiency. | Supplemental | 0 |
| Position, attach, or blow insulating materials to prevent energy losses from buildings, pipes, or other structures or objects. | Supplemental | 0 |
| Provide groundskeeping services, such as landscaping or snow removal. | Supplemental | 0 |
Occupation information
Sources and attribution
This page includes information from the O*NET® 31.0 Database (https://www.onetcenter.org/database.html) by the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA). Used under the CC BY 4.0 license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). O*NET® is a trademark of USDOL/ETA. AI Changing Work has modified all or some of this information: the O*NET-SOC code, title and task statements are reproduced in English without change; task-type labels are shown in the page's language and tasks are listed core first; any Korean occupation title shown on the Korean-language page is AI Changing Work's translation; any KSCO-8 unit groups linked to this occupation were paired with it by AI Changing Work's judgment, and the relation labels and statuses are AI Changing Work's additions. USDOL/ETA has not approved, endorsed, or tested these modifications.
Any AI exposure figures on this page are published by third parties, not by AI Changing Work, and none is part of the O*NET information. OpenAI publishes task-level scores (MIT License) for O*NET 27.2 task statements; each is shown next to the O*NET 31.0 task statement with the same task ID, whose wording can differ from the 27.2 statement that was scored. OpenAI also publishes occupation-level scores for O*NET-SOC codes in the same release, and any such score is shown on the O*NET occupation with the same code. Anthropic publishes an observed exposure index in the Anthropic Economic Index (CC-BY), and the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics publishes relative AI exposure categories (public domain); both are published per SOC code, and each value is shown on every O*NET occupation with that code. The International Labour Organization publishes a generative AI exposure index in ILO Working Paper 140 (CC BY 4.0) for ISCO-08 unit groups; AI Changing Work links those groups to O*NET occupations by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC and 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC crosswalks as published, without case-by-case selection, and these crosswalks match many groups only in part. Where several unit groups are linked, each group's published value is listed, and any summary shows only the lowest and highest of those values with the number of groups; no exposure figure is averaged or recalculated. Any employment figures are published by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics for the SOC group containing this occupation. Each source is credited where its figures are shown.
O*NET OnLine: 49-9071.00 Maintenance and Repair Workers, General
KSCO 코드·명칭: 한국표준직업분류(제8차 개정) — 통계청 고시 제2024-328호 (2024-07-01 고시, 2025-01-01 시행). 저작권법 제7조 제2호의 고시 항목이다. 명칭 표기(가운뎃점·띄어쓰기)는 해설서 2차 정오 반영판의 표기를 따랐으며, 고시 항목표와는 18개 명칭에서 가운뎃점 글리프나 띄어쓰기만 다르다. 통계청은 2025년 10월 국가데이터처로 개편되었다. 이 페이지의 KSCO 연결은 통계청·국가데이터처의 공식 연계표가 아니다.