Coin, Vending, and Amusement Machine Servicers and Repairers

Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Occupations

O*NET-SOC code: 49-9091.00

Install, service, adjust, or repair coin, vending, or amusement machines including video games, juke boxes, pinball machines, or slot machines.

Data source: BLSPublished: 2026-08
Moderate· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery high
Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
Source dataset (XLSX download)
Data source: AnthropicPublished: 2026-03
0.000
0.000Range of values carried here0.745
Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Published per SOC 2018 occupation; every O*NET occupation with the same SOC 2018 code carries this value
Source dataset (CSV download)
Data source: ILOPublished: 2025
0.38
0.09Range of values carried here0.70
Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
Published per ISCO-08 unit group. Linked to this occupation, wholly or in part, by applying U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to 2018 SOC) as published
Source dataset (PDF download)

What kind of figure this source publishes

The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.

Task-level exposure

19 rated tasks · 6 tasks with β ≥ 0.5 (31.6%)

β = direct exposure (E1) + 0.5 × exposure when tools are available (E2), per the source repository's definition.

Source unit: O*NET 27.2 tasks → O*NET 31.0 occupation code
1 rated task is not in the O*NET 31.0 task list; its score is kept as published for O*NET 27.2.

Source: OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
Release: gh-main-0471612
License: MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI

Task (O*NET 30.2)	Claude.aiRaw / share %	APIRaw / share %
Record transaction information on forms or logs, and notify designated personnel of discrepancies. 49-9091.00	0.00000.0	0.00000.0
Not observed on any surface — 17 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states.
Fill machines with products, ingredients, money, and other supplies.	—0	—0
Inspect machines and meters to determine causes of malfunctions and fix minor problems such as jammed bills or stuck products.	—0	—0
Test machines to determine proper functioning.	—0	—0
Clean and oil machine parts.	—0	—0
Maintain records of machine maintenance and repair.	—0	—0
Replace malfunctioning parts, such as worn magnetic heads on automatic teller machine (ATM) card readers.	—0	—0
Adjust and repair coin, vending, or amusement machines and meters and replace defective mechanical and electrical parts, using hand tools, soldering irons, and diagrams.	—0	—0
Order parts needed for machine repairs.	—0	—0
Keep records of merchandise distributed and money collected.	—0	—0
Collect coins and bills from machines, prepare invoices, and settle accounts with concessionaires.	—0	—0
Make service calls to maintain and repair machines.	—0	—0
Contact other repair personnel or make arrangements for the removal of machines in cases where major repairs are required.	—0	—0
Adjust machine pressure gauges and thermostats.	—0	—0
Disassemble and assemble machines, according to specifications and using hand and power tools.	—0	—0
Install machines, making the necessary water and electrical connections in compliance with codes.	—0	—0
Refer to manuals and wiring diagrams to gather information needed to repair machines.	—0	—0
Transport machines to installation sites.	—0	—0

Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.

Task (O*NET 27.2)	βE1 + 0.5 × E2
Keep records of merchandise distributed and money collected. O*NET Task ID 13836	1.0
Record transaction information on forms or logs, and notify designated personnel of discrepancies. O*NET Task ID 13843	1.0
Maintain records of machine maintenance and repair. O*NET Task ID 13845	1.0
Order parts needed for machine repairs. O*NET Task ID 13848	1.0
Refer to manuals and wiring diagrams to gather information needed to repair machines. O*NET Task ID 13851	1.0
Prepare repair cost estimates. O*NET Task ID 13853	1.0

β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.

Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page

All O*NET 31.0 task statements (18)

All O*NET 31.0 task statements for this occupation (English, as published; task type core or supplemental). Exposure values are not listed here; they are in the table above, next to each task statement as worded in the O*NET version each source used.

Task (O*NET 31.0)	Type
Fill machines with products, ingredients, money, and other supplies.	Core
Inspect machines and meters to determine causes of malfunctions and fix minor problems such as jammed bills or stuck products.	Core
Test machines to determine proper functioning.	Core
Clean and oil machine parts.	Core
Record transaction information on forms or logs, and notify designated personnel of discrepancies.	Core
Maintain records of machine maintenance and repair.	Core
Replace malfunctioning parts, such as worn magnetic heads on automatic teller machine (ATM) card readers.	Core
Adjust and repair coin, vending, or amusement machines and meters and replace defective mechanical and electrical parts, using hand tools, soldering irons, and diagrams.	Core
Order parts needed for machine repairs.	Core
Keep records of merchandise distributed and money collected.	Supplemental
Collect coins and bills from machines, prepare invoices, and settle accounts with concessionaires.	Supplemental
Make service calls to maintain and repair machines.	Supplemental
Contact other repair personnel or make arrangements for the removal of machines in cases where major repairs are required.	Supplemental
Adjust machine pressure gauges and thermostats.	Supplemental
Disassemble and assemble machines, according to specifications and using hand and power tools.	Supplemental
Install machines, making the necessary water and electrical connections in compliance with codes.	Supplemental
Refer to manuals and wiring diagrams to gather information needed to repair machines.	Supplemental
Transport machines to installation sites.	Supplemental

Anthropic, "What work can robots do?"2026-09

0.44/ 3· Robot exposure index

0 none3 unstructured settings

Scale, basis and source

Each physical task is graded 0–3 by the setting in which robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated could do it (0 none · 1 purpose-built robot settings such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line · 2 structured facilities such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port · 3 unstructured settings such as a private home or a construction site), and the grades are averaged by share of working time

Physical tasks among this occupation's O*NET 29.3 tasks

Anthropic estimated the grades and time shares with Claude Opus 5 using web search, as of 2026.

Source dataset

The robot exposure index is a different measure from the AI exposure figures on this site and cannot be added to or compared with them. It does not measure actual adoption or cost, and 0 also covers occupations with no physical tasks.

Tier of each physical task

Robot environment tiers (E0–E3)

E0 noneDetails
Rated not doable by robots that have been deployed, sold or demonstrated, even in a purpose-built setting
E1 purpose-built robot settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting built around the machine, such as a fenced machine cell or a bottling line
E2 structured facilitiesDetails
Rated doable in a human work facility that an institution keeps to a working standard, such as a hospital pharmacy or a container port
E3 unstructured settingsDetails
Rated doable in a setting that no institution keeps to a working standard, such as a private home or a construction site

Only tasks classified as physical are listed; other tasks have no tier in the source.

Task (O*NET 29.3)	Robot environment tier
Fill machines with products, ingredients, money, and other supplies.	E1 purpose-built robot settings
Inspect machines and meters to determine causes of malfunctions and fix minor problems such as jammed bills or stuck products.	E0 none
Test machines to determine proper functioning.	E1 purpose-built robot settings
Clean and oil machine parts.	E1 purpose-built robot settings
Replace malfunctioning parts, such as worn magnetic heads on automatic teller machine (ATM) card readers.	E0 none
Adjust and repair coin, vending, or amusement machines and meters and replace defective mechanical and electrical parts, using hand tools, soldering irons, and diagrams.	E0 none
Collect coins and bills from machines, prepare invoices, and settle accounts with concessionaires.	E1 purpose-built robot settings
Make service calls to maintain and repair machines.	E0 none
Adjust machine pressure gauges and thermostats.	E1 purpose-built robot settings
Disassemble and assemble machines, according to specifications and using hand and power tools.	E1 purpose-built robot settings
Install machines, making the necessary water and electrical connections in compliance with codes.	E1 purpose-built robot settings
Transport machines to installation sites.	E1 purpose-built robot settings

Employment outlook (BLS)

Employment, 2025: 35K
Projected employment, 2035: 34K
Change (2025–35): -3.4%
Median annual wage, 2025: $47,450
Typical education needed for entry: High school diploma or equivalent

lowest $30,890median wage across 825 detailed occupations, BLS EP 2025–35highest $559,030

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections 2025–35 — Employment by detailed occupation, 2025 and projected 2035

Korea classification links (KSCO)

Links from the current release of the Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1, made by AI Changing Work. Relation values are read from the O*NET-SOC occupation side.

KSCO code	KSCO title	Relation	Status
76199	그 외 전기·전자기기 설치 및 수리원	This occupation is narrower	confirmed
99220	자동판매기 관리원	Overlapping, not the same	confirmed

Relation and status definitions(kr-direct v1.1)

ILO occupational description

AI Changing Work links the ISCO-08 unit groups below to this occupation by applying the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics crosswalks (2018 SOC to 2010 SOC, 2010 SOC to ISCO-08) as published, without case-by-case selection; each link may be whole or partial.

ISCO-08 9623Meter Readers and Vending-machine Collectors

The definition, tasks and examples below are the ILO's description of that unit group, not of this occupation.

Meter readers and vending-machine collectors stock vending machines and collect money from them or from parking meters and other coin-boxes, or read electricity, gas or water meters.

Tasks

(a) filling storage areas of vending machines and collecting money from their containers;
(b) collecting money from parking meters and similar coinboxes;
(c) reading electricity, gas or water meters and recording consumption;
(d) keeping records of merchandise distributed and money collected;
(e) proceeding along established routes to take readings of meter dials;
(f) verifying readings in cases where consumption appears to be abnormal, and record possible reasons for fluctuations;
(g) inspecting meters for unauthorized connections, defects and damage such as broken seals.

Example occupations

Meter reader · Vending machine collector

Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits

ESCO occupational vocabulary

Each entry below is matched to this occupation in the published ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk (version 1, 2022). The match types are that crosswalk's; the wording is AI Changing Work's.

vending machine operatorESCO 9623.2This occupation is narrower
Vending machine operators remove cash, conduct visual inspections of the machine, provide basic maintenance and refill goods sold for vending and other coin-operated machines.
ATM repair technicianESCO 7421.1Overlapping, not the same
ATM repair technicians install, diagnose, maintain and repair automatic teller machines. They travel to their clients' location to provide their services. ATM repair technicians use hand tools and software to fix malfunctioning money distributors.

Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)

License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)

View original

ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.

France classification links (ROME)

AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and ROME 4.0 job profiles, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side. Links marked “provisional” were adopted on the judgments of two judges from the same model family (Claude) alone, or by an operator rule applied to their judgments, so they rest on weaker evidence than confirmed links.

ROME code	ROME title (French)	Relation
I1303	Technicien / Technicienne de maintenance de distributeurs automatiques	Same scope

Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.

ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)

Spain classification links (CNO-11)

AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and CNO-11 occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.

CNO-11 code	CNO-11 title (Spanish)	Relation
7531	Mecánicos y reparadores de equipos electrónicos	This occupation is narrowerprovisional
9434	Lectores de contadores y recaudadores de máquinas recreativas y expendedoras	Related, not a matchprovisional

Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)

Germany classification links (KldB)

AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and KldB occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.

KldB code	KldB title (German)	Relation
25132	Technische Servicekräfte in Wartung und Instandhaltung - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten	This occupation is narrower
61142	Kaufleute im Automatenservice - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten	Overlapping, not the same

Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)

Japan classification links (JSCO)

AI Changing Work's links between this occupation and JSCO occupations, judged with AI models. Relations are read from this occupation's side.

JSCO code	JSCO title (Japanese)	Relation
551	はん用・生産用・業務用機械器具整備・修理従事者	This occupation is narrower
552	電気機械器具整備・修理従事者	Related, not a match

Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)

Sources, licenses and AI Changing Work's modification and translation notices for this page: Credits & sources