Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
Task
βE1 + 0.5 × E2
Determine method of shipment and prepare bills of lading, invoices, and other shipping documents.Details
O*NET Task ID 8192
1.0
Estimate freight or postal rates and record shipment costs and weights.Details
O*NET Task ID 8194
1.0
Enter shipping information into a computer by hand or by a hand-held scanner that reads bar codes on goods.Details
O*NET Task ID 8195
1.0
Check import or export documentation to determine cargo contents and use tariff coding system to classify goods according to fee or tariff group.Details
O*NET Task ID 20273
1.0
Prepare manifests showing numbers of airplane passengers and baggage, mail, and freight weights, transmitting data to destinations.Details
O*NET Task ID 20274
1.0
Negotiate and arrange transport of goods with shipping or freight companies.Details
O*NET Task ID 8188
0.5
Advise clients on transportation and payment methods.Details
O*NET Task ID 8190
0.5
Retrieve stored items and trace lost shipments as necessary.Details
O*NET Task ID 8196
0.5
Inspect and count items received and check them against invoices or other documents, recording shortages and rejecting damaged goods.Details
O*NET Task ID 8199
0.5
Keep records of all goods shipped, received, and stored.Details
O*NET Task ID 8201
0.5
Arrange insurance coverage for goods.Details
O*NET Task ID 8203
0.5
Track delivery progress of shipments.Details
O*NET Task ID 20271
0.5
Notify consignees, passengers, or customers of freight or baggage arrival and arrange for delivery.Details
O*NET Task ID 20272
0.5
Contact vendors or claims adjustment departments to resolve shipment problems or contact service depots to arrange for repairs.Details
O*NET Task ID 20275
0.5
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
Occupation information
ILO occupational description
Clearing and Forwarding Aents
Clearing and forwarding agents carry out customs clearing procedures and ensure that insurance, export/import licences and other formalities are in order.
Tasks
(a) carrying out customs clearing procedures for exports or imports;
(b) ensuring that insurance is in order;
(c) ensuring that export/import licences and other formalities are in order;
(d) signing and issuing bills of lading;
(e) checking import/export documentation to determine cargo contents, and classifying goods into different fee or tariff groups, using a tariff coding system.
import export specialist in wood and construction materialsESCO 3331.2.1.35
Import export specialists in wood and construction materials have and apply deep knowledge of import and export goods including customs clearance and documentation.
import export specialist in agricultural raw materials, seeds and animal feedsESCO 3331.2.1.2
Import export specialists in agricultural raw materials, seeds and animal feeds have and apply deep knowledge of import and export goods including customs clearance and documentation.
import export specialist in meat and meat productsESCO 3331.2.1.22
Import export specialists in meat and meat products have and apply deep knowledge of import and export goods including customs clearance and documentation.
forwarding managerESCO 3331.2
Forwarding managers plan and organise cargo shipments within national and international areas. They communicate with carriers and negotiate the best way to send the cargo to its destination which can be a single customer or a point of distribution. Forwarding managers act as experts in supply chain management. They know and apply the rules and regulations for each specific type of cargo and communicate the conditions and costs to the clients.
import export specialist in fruit and vegetablesESCO 3331.2.1.14
Import export specialists in fruit and vegetables have and apply deep knowledge of import and export goods including customs clearance and documentation.
import export specialist in hardware, plumbing and heating equipmentESCO 3331.2.1.16
Import export specialists in hardware, plumbing and heating equipment have and apply deep knowledge of import and export goods including customs clearance and documentation.
import export specialist in beveragesESCO 3331.2.1.3
Import export specialists in beverages have and apply deep knowledge of import and export goods including customs clearance and documentation.
import export specialist in flowers and plantsESCO 3331.2.1.13
Import export specialists in flowers and plants have and apply deep knowledge of import and export goods including customs clearance and documentation.
international forwarding operations coordinatorESCO 3331.3
International forwarding operations coordinators implement and monitor international forwarding operations by resolving problems and taking decisions related to transport and support activities. They deal with administrative burdens associated with international operations such as regulations in different national contexts for imports and exports. They provide business support, project coordination, evaluation and management of current systems and international supply chain management and procedures as required.
import export specialistESCO 3331.2.1
Import export specialists have and apply deep knowledge of import and export goods including customs clearance and documentation. They declare goods that cross the border, inform customers about customs and give advice concerning disputes related to customs legislation. They prepare the documents needed and make sure they are delivered to customs. They check and process duty and make sure VAT payments are done as applicable.
import export specialist in office furnitureESCO 3331.2.1.25
Import export specialists in office furniture have and apply deep knowledge of import and export goods including customs clearance and documentation.
import export specialist in household goodsESCO 3331.2.1.18
Import export specialists in household goods have and apply deep knowledge of import and export goods including customs clearance and documentation.
Source:European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
Shown in the original Korean. This dataset is published under KOGL Type 4, which prohibits derivative works including translation, so the text is reproduced unaltered.
인적자원 관리(99) · 재정 관리(99) · 판단과 의사결정(99) · 시간 관리(98) · 선택적 집중력(98)
Knowledge
경제와 회계(97) · 법(96) · 경영 및 행정(91) · 사무(90) · 인사(86)
Work environment
재택근무(98) · 이미지/평판/재정에 미치는 강도(97) · 정확성, 정밀성 유지(96) · 반복적인 신체행동, 정신적 활동(95) · 이미지/평판/재정에 미치는 영향력(94)
Related occupations
회계사 · 관세사 · 감정평가사
The KNOW occupations and KECO codes listed here were linked to this page's occupation by this site; this is not a correspondence defined by the Korea Employment Information Service or the Ministry of Employment and Labor.
Projected change: +6.2%
Median wage: $52K
lowest $31Kmedian wage across 825 detailed occupations, BLS EP 2025–35highest $559K
Employment: 100K
Typical entry-level education: High school diploma or equivalent
