Cooks, Restaurant
Food Preparation & ServiceAI exposure
- Data source: BLSPublished: '26.08
Moderate· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: '26.03
0.012
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
- Data source: ILOPublished: '25
0.18
0.09Range of values carried here0.70Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
ISCO-08 unit group — every occupation sharing the code gets this value
Computed by this site, not published by the ILO: of the 1,012 occupations this site links to the ILO dataset, 90% score at or above this value.
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Task-level exposure
Exposed tasks onlyValues in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Keep records and accounts.O*NET Task ID 2185 | 1.0 |
Estimate expected food consumption, requisition or purchase supplies, or procure food from storage.O*NET Task ID 2178 | 0.5 |
Consult with supervisory staff to plan menus, taking into consideration factors such as costs and special event needs.O*NET Task ID 2181 | 0.5 |
Plan and price menu items.O*NET Task ID 2186 | 0.5 |
Turn or stir foods to ensure even cooking.O*NET Task ID 2169 | 0.0 |
Season and cook food according to recipes or personal judgment and experience.O*NET Task ID 2170 | 0.0 |
Observe and test foods to determine if they have been cooked sufficiently, using methods such as tasting, smelling, or piercing them with utensils.O*NET Task ID 2171 | 0.0 |
Weigh, measure, and mix ingredients according to recipes or personal judgment, using various kitchen utensils and equipment.O*NET Task ID 2172 | 0.0 |
Portion, arrange, and garnish food, and serve food to waiters or patrons.O*NET Task ID 2173 | 0.0 |
Substitute for or assist other cooks during emergencies or rush periods.O*NET Task ID 2175 | 0.0 |
Bake, roast, broil, and steam meats, fish, vegetables, and other foods.O*NET Task ID 2176 | 0.0 |
Wash, peel, cut, and seed fruits and vegetables to prepare them for consumption.O*NET Task ID 2177 | 0.0 |
Carve and trim meats such as beef, veal, ham, pork, and lamb for hot or cold service, or for sandwiches.O*NET Task ID 2179 | 0.0 |
Coordinate and supervise work of kitchen staff.O*NET Task ID 2180 | 0.0 |
Butcher and dress animals, fowl, or shellfish, or cut and bone meat prior to cooking.O*NET Task ID 2182 | 0.0 |
Bake breads, rolls, cakes, and pastries.O*NET Task ID 2183 | 0.0 |
Prepare relishes and hors d'oeuvres.O*NET Task ID 2184 | 0.0 |
Inspect and clean food preparation areas, such as equipment, work surfaces, and serving areas, to ensure safe and sanitary food-handling practices.O*NET Task ID 18722 | 0.0 |
Ensure food is stored and cooked at correct temperature by regulating temperature of ovens, broilers, grills, and roasters.O*NET Task ID 18723 | 0.0 |
Ensure freshness of food and ingredients by checking for quality, keeping track of old and new items, and rotating stock.O*NET Task ID 18724 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
Occupation information
Recent Changes Affecting This Occupation
May 2026: Anthropic observed-exposure score: 0% (physical/in-person). Zero observed exposure. Physical/in-person work — AI deployment effectively absent.
[Source: Anthropic Economic Research (Massenkoff & McCrory, 2026)]