Economists

Life, Physical & Social Sciences

AI exposure

Data source: BLSPublished: '26.08
Very high· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery high
Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
Source dataset (XLSX download)
Data source: AnthropicPublished: '26.03
0.242
0.000Range of values carried here0.745
Scale, basis and source
Observed exposure index, 0–1 as published
Mapped onto O*NET tasks
Source dataset
Data source: ILOPublished: '25
0.55
0.09Range of values carried here0.70
Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
ISCO-08 unit group — every occupation sharing the code gets this value
Computed by this site, not published by the ILO: of the 1,012 occupations this site links to the ILO dataset, 12% score at or above this value.
Source dataset

What kind of figure this source publishes

The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.

Task-level exposure

Exposed tasks only

Task	Claude.aiRaw / share %
Compile, analyze, and report data to explain economic phenomena and forecast market trends, applying mathematical models and statistical techniques. 19-3011	0.057524.6
Provide advice and consultation on economic relationships to businesses, public and private agencies, and other employers. 19-3011	0.057324.5
Write technical documents or academic articles to communicate study results or economic forecasts. 19-3011	0.036115.4
Formulate recommendations, policies, or plans to solve economic problems or to interpret markets. 19-3011	0.027111.6
Conduct research on economic issues and disseminate research findings through technical reports or scientific articles in journals. 19-3011	0.01094.6
Prepare and deliver presentations to communicate economic and environmental study results, to present policy recommendations, or to raise awareness of environmental consequences. 19-3011	0.01004.3
Study economic and statistical data in area of specialization, such as finance, labor, or agriculture. 19-3011	0.00923.9
Develop economic models, forecasts, or scenarios to predict future economic and environmental outcomes. 19-3011	0.00843.6
Interpret indicators to ascertain the overall health of an environment. 19-3011	0.00482.1
Develop programs or policy recommendations to achieve environmental goals in cost-effective ways. 19-3011	0.00381.6
Write social, legal, or economic impact statements to inform decision-makers for natural resource policies, standards, or programs. 19-3011	0.00301.3
Collect and analyze data to compare the environmental implications of economic policy or practice alternatives. 19-3011	0.00231.0
Identify and recommend environmentally-friendly business practices. 19-3011	0.00210.9
Assess the costs and benefits of various activities, policies, or regulations that affect the environment or natural resource stocks. 19-3011	0.00180.8
Show 4 more tasks ▾Show less ▴
Not observed on any surface — 17 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states.
Develop economic guidelines and standards and prepare points of view used in forecasting trends and formulating economic policy.	—0
Testify at regulatory or legislative hearings concerning the estimated effects of changes in legislation or public policy and present recommendations based on cost-benefit analyses.	—0
Supervise research projects and students' study projects.	—0
Forecast production and consumption of renewable resources and supply, consumption and depletion of non-renewable resources.	—0
Teach theories, principles, and methods of economics.	—0
Study the socioeconomic impacts of new public policies, such as proposed legislation, taxes, services, and regulations.	—0
Provide litigation support, such as writing reports for expert testimony or testifying as an expert witness.	—0
Demonstrate or promote the economic benefits of sound environmental regulations.	—0
Write research proposals and grant applications to obtain private or public funding for environmental and economic studies.	—0
Examine the exhaustibility of natural resources or the long-term costs of environmental rehabilitation.	—0
Develop systems for collecting, analyzing, and interpreting environmental and economic data.	—0
Develop environmental research project plans, including information on budgets, goals, deliverables, timelines, and resource requirements.	—0
Perform complex, dynamic, and integrated mathematical modeling of ecological, environmental, or economic systems.	—0
Conduct research to study the relationships among environmental problems and patterns of economic production and consumption.	—0
Conduct research on economic and environmental topics, such as alternative fuel use, public and private land use, soil conservation, air and water pollution control, and endangered species protection.	—0
Develop programs or policy recommendations to promote sustainability and sustainable development.	—0
Monitor or analyze market and environmental trends.	—0

Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.

Task	βE1 + 0.5 × E2
Study economic and statistical data in area of specialization, such as finance, labor, or agriculture. O*NET Task ID 7536	0.5
Provide advice and consultation on economic relationships to businesses, public and private agencies, and other employers. O*NET Task ID 7537	0.5
Compile, analyze, and report data to explain economic phenomena and forecast market trends, applying mathematical models and statistical techniques. O*NET Task ID 7538	0.5
Formulate recommendations, policies, or plans to solve economic problems or to interpret markets. O*NET Task ID 7539	0.5
Develop economic guidelines and standards, and prepare points of view used in forecasting trends and formulating economic policy. O*NET Task ID 7540	0.5
Testify at regulatory or legislative hearings concerning the estimated effects of changes in legislation or public policy, and present recommendations based on cost-benefit analyses. O*NET Task ID 7541	0.5
Supervise research projects and students' study projects. O*NET Task ID 7542	0.5
Forecast production and consumption of renewable resources and supply, consumption, and depletion of non-renewable resources. O*NET Task ID 7543	0.5
Teach theories, principles, and methods of economics. O*NET Task ID 7544	0.5
Provide litigation support, such as writing reports for expert testimony or testifying as an expert witness. O*NET Task ID 20051	0.5
Study the socioeconomic impacts of new public policies, such as proposed legislation, taxes, services, and regulations. O*NET Task ID 20052	0.5
Conduct research on economic issues, and disseminate research findings through technical reports or scientific articles in journals. O*NET Task ID 20053	0.5
Explain economic impact of policies to the public. O*NET Task ID 21106	0.5
Show 3 more tasks ▾Show less ▴

β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.

Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page

Occupation information

ILO

ILO occupational description

Economists

Economists conduct research, monitor data, analyse information and prepare reports and plans to resolve economic and business problems and develop models to analyse, explain and forecast economic behaviour and patterns. They provide advice to business, interest groups and governments to formulate solutions to present or projected economic and business problems.

Tasks

(a) forecasting changes in the economic environment for short-term budgeting, long-term planning and investment evaluation;
(b) formulating recommendations, policies and plans for the economy, corporate strategies and investment, and undertaking feasibility studies for projects;
(c) monitoring economic data to assess the effectiveness, and advise on the appropriateness, of monetary and fiscal policies;
(d) forecasting production and consumption of specific products and services based on records of past production and consumption and general economic and industry-specific conditions;
(e) preparing forecasts of income and expenditure, interest rates and exchange rates;
(f) analysing factors that determine labour force participation, employment, wages, unemployment and other labour market outcomes;
(g) applying mathematical formulae and statistical techniques and apply to test economic theories and devise solutions to economic problems;
(h) compiling, analysing and interpreting economic data using economic theory and a variety of statistical and other techniques;
(i) evaluating the outcome of political decisions concerning public economy and finances and advising on economic policy and possible courses of action in the light of past, present and projected economic factors and trends;
(j) preparing scholarly papers and reports;
(k) examining problems related to the economic activities of individual companies;
(l) conducting research on market conditions in local, regional or national areas to set sales and pricing levels for goods and services, to assess market potential and future trends and to develop business strategies.

Example occupations

Econometrician · Economic adviser · Economic analyst · Economist · Labour economist

ISCO-08 2631

Sources: ILO ISCO-08 (CC BY 4.0) — details: Credits

ESCO occupational vocabulary

business economics researcherESCO 2631.1.1
Business economics researchers conduct research on topics regarding economy, organisations, and strategy. They analyse macroeconomic and microeconomic trends and use this information to analyse the positions of industries or specific companies in the economy. They provide advice regarding strategic planning, product feasibility, forecast trends, emerging markets, taxing policies, and consumer trends.
economic policy officerESCO 2412.3
Economic policy officers develop economic strategies. They monitor aspects of economics such as competitiveness, innovation and trade. Economic policy officers contribute to the development of economic policies, projects and programs. They research, analyse and assess public policy problems and recommend appropriate actions.
economic adviserESCO 2631.1.2
Economic advisers research economic developments and advise on economic problems. They forecast trends and behaviour in economics, and advise on finance, trade, fiscal and other related matters. They advise companies and organisations on techniques to gain economic profit.
economistESCO 2631.1
Economists perform research and develop theories in the field of economics, whether for microeconomic or macroeconomic analysis. They study trends, analyse statistical data, and to some extent work with economic mathematical models in order to advise companies, governments, and related institutions. They advise on product feasibility, trend forecasts, emerging markets, tax policies, and consumer trends.
economic development coordinatorESCO 2631.1.3
Economic development coordinators outline and implement policies for the improvement of a community's, government's or institution's economic growth and stability. They research economic trends and coordinate cooperation between institutions working in economic development. They analyse potential economic risks and conflicts and develop plans to resolve them. Economic development coordinators advise on the economic sustainability of institutions and economic growth.
tax policy analystESCO 2631.1.4
Tax policy analysts research and develop taxation policies and legislation in order to improve and develop tax policies. They advise official bodies on policy implementation and financial operations, as well as forecast financial influence of changes in tax policies.

Source: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)

License: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)

View original

ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.

Recent Changes Affecting This Occupation

Mar 2026: New blog post: economists face 60% exposure, 36% risk.

[Source: ACW Blog]