Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Task-level exposure
Task
Claude.aiRaw / share %
Estimate parts and labor to repair damage, using standard automotive labor and parts cost manuals and knowledge of automotive repair.Details
13-1032
0.00000.0
Not observed on any surface — 6 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states.
Review repair cost estimates with automobile repair shop to secure agreement on cost of repairs.Details
—0
Examine damaged vehicle to determine extent of structural, body, mechanical, electrical, or interior damage.Details
—0
Evaluate practicality of repair as opposed to payment of market value of vehicle before accident.Details
—0
Determine salvage value on total-loss vehicle.Details
—0
Prepare insurance forms to indicate repair cost estimates and recommendations.Details
—0
Arrange to have damage appraised by another appraiser to resolve disagreement with shop on repair cost.Details
—0
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
Task
βE1 + 0.5 × E2
Estimate parts and labor to repair damage, using standard automotive labor and parts cost manuals and knowledge of automotive repair.Details
O*NET Task ID 7246
0.5
Review repair cost estimates with automobile repair shop to secure agreement on cost of repairs.Details
O*NET Task ID 7247
0.5
Examine damaged vehicle to determine extent of structural, body, mechanical, electrical, or interior damage.Details
O*NET Task ID 7248
0.5
Evaluate practicality of repair as opposed to payment of market value of vehicle before accident.Details
O*NET Task ID 7249
0.5
Determine salvage value on total-loss vehicle.Details
O*NET Task ID 7250
0.5
Prepare insurance forms to indicate repair cost estimates and recommendations.Details
O*NET Task ID 7251
0.5
Arrange to have damage appraised by another appraiser to resolve disagreement with shop on repair cost.Details
O*NET Task ID 7252
0.5
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
Occupation information
ILO occupational description
Valuers and Loss Assessors
Valuers and loss assessors value property and various goods and assess losses covered by insurance policies.
Tasks
(a) determining the quality or value of raw materials, real estate, industrial equipment, personal and household effects, works of art, gems and other objects;
(b) assessing the extent of damage or loss and liabilities of insurance companies and underwriters for losses covered by insurance policies;
(c) obtaining records of sales and value of similar items or property;
(d) inspecting items or property to evaluate condition, size and construction;
(e) preparing reports of value, outlining the estimation factors and methods used.
Insurance claims handlers ensure that all insurance claims are handled accurately and that payment for valid claims is made to the policyholders. They use statistical data and reporting to calculate and adjust claims as needed, communicate with and guide policyholders and monitor the progress of a claim.
foreclosure specialistESCO 3315.1
Foreclosure specialists revise documentation related to properties that are under foreclosure. They assist clients whose property has been reclaimed by banks due to non-payment of their mortgage by assessing the owner's possibilities for saving the property.
insurance fraud investigatorESCO 3315.4
Insurance fraud investigators combat fraudulent activities by investigating the circumstances of certain suspicious claims, activities related to new customers, buying insurance products and premium calculations. Insurance fraud investigators refer potential fraud claims to insurance investigators who then undertake research and investigations to support or deny a claimant's case.
property appraiserESCO 3315.7
Property appraisers undertake detailed analysis and investigation of properties in order to determine their value for sales, mortgage and insurance purposes. They compare the value of properties taking into account the age, actual state of property, its quality, repairs needed and overall sustainability. Property appraisers make an inventory of fixtures, compose a schedule of condition of property and prepare appraisal reports for both commercial and residential properties.
real estate surveyorESCO 3315.8
Real estate surveyors undertake research in order to assess the value of property for tax purposes. They investigate multiple properties at once, using accurate appraisal techniques. They provide their services usually to local and governmental bodies for taxation reasons.
loss adjusterESCO 3315.5
Loss adjusters treat and evaluate insurance claims by investigating the cases and determining liability and damage, in accordance with the policies of the insurance company. They interview the claimant and witnesses and write reports for the insurer where appropriate recommendations for the settlement are made. Loss adjusters' tasks include making payments to the insured following his claim, consulting damage experts and providing information via telephone to the clients.
personal property appraiserESCO 3315.6
Personal property appraisers undertake detailed analysis and investigation of personal items such as books, wine, arts and antiques in order to determine their value for sales and insurance purposes. They assess the value of the items, taking into account the age, current condition, quality and if any repairs are required. Personal property appraisers prepare appraisal reports.
gemmologistESCO 3315.2
Gemmologists value precious stones by analysing their characteristics, cut, and provenience either for trading or for further polishing efforts. They asses stones and gems to give them a market value.
Source:European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
Shown in the original Korean. This dataset is published under KOGL Type 4, which prohibits derivative works including translation, so the text is reproduced unaltered.
인적자원 관리(99) · 재정 관리(99) · 판단과 의사결정(99) · 시간 관리(98) · 선택적 집중력(98)
Knowledge
경제와 회계(97) · 법(96) · 경영 및 행정(91) · 사무(90) · 인사(86)
Work environment
재택근무(98) · 이미지/평판/재정에 미치는 강도(97) · 정확성, 정밀성 유지(96) · 반복적인 신체행동, 정신적 활동(95) · 이미지/평판/재정에 미치는 영향력(94)
Related occupations
회계사 · 관세사 · 감정평가사
The KNOW occupations and KECO codes listed here were linked to this page's occupation by this site; this is not a correspondence defined by the Korea Employment Information Service or the Ministry of Employment and Labor.
Projected change: -8.7%
Median wage: $78K
lowest $31Kmedian wage across 825 detailed occupations, BLS EP 2025–35highest $559K
Employment: 14K
Typical entry-level education: Postsecondary nondegree award
