Software Developers
Computer & MathematicalAI exposure
- Data source: BLSPublished: '26.08
Very high· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: '26.03
0.288
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
- Data source: ILOPublished: '25
0.53
0.09Range of values carried here0.70Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
ISCO-08 unit group — every occupation sharing the code gets this value
Computed by this site, not published by the ILO: of the 1,012 occupations this site links to the ILO dataset, 14% score at or above this value.
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Task-level exposure
Exposed tasks only| Task | Claude.aiRaw / share % | APIRaw / share % |
|---|---|---|
Modify existing software to correct errors, allow it to adapt to new hardware, or to improve its performance.15-1132 | 5.974659.1 | 9.960757.1 |
Modify existing software to correct errors, to adapt it to new hardware, or to upgrade interfaces and improve performance.15-1133 | 2.566625.4 | 4.597226.3 |
Analyze user needs and software requirements to determine feasibility of design within time and cost constraints.15-1132 | 0.46444.6 | 1.46648.4 |
Design, develop and modify software systems, using scientific analysis and mathematical models to predict and measure outcome and consequences of design.15-1132 | 0.26692.6 | 0.21851.3 |
Store, retrieve, and manipulate data for analysis of system capabilities and requirements.15-1133 | 0.21512.1 | 0.50062.9 |
Analyze information to determine, recommend, and plan computer specifications and layouts, and peripheral equipment modifications.15-1132 | 0.11881.2 | 0.02810.2 |
Develop and direct software system testing and validation procedures, programming, and documentation.15-1132 | 0.08410.8 | 0.32071.8 |
Evaluate factors such as reporting formats required, cost constraints, or need for security restrictions to determine hardware configuration.15-1133 | 0.07380.7 | 0.00560.0 |
Direct software programming and development of documentation.15-1133 | 0.07100.7 | 0.05470.3 |
Consult with customers about software system design and maintenance.15-1132 | 0.05970.6 | 0.00840.0 |
| Not observed on any surface — 11 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states. | ||
Coordinate software system installation and monitor equipment functioning to ensure specifications are met. | —0 | —0 |
Supervise the work of programmers, technologists and technicians and other engineering and scientific personnel. | —0 | —0 |
Determine system performance standards. | —0 | —0 |
Train users to use new or modified equipment. | —0 | —0 |
Recommend purchase of equipment to control dust, temperature, and humidity in area of system installation. | —0 | —0 |
Coordinate installation of software system. | —0 | —0 |
Confer with data processing or project managers to obtain information on limitations or capabilities for data processing projects. | —0 | —0 |
Monitor functioning of equipment to ensure system operates in conformance with specifications. | —0 | —0 |
Supervise and assign work to programmers, designers, technologists, technicians, or other engineering or scientific personnel. | —0 | —0 |
Use microcontrollers to develop control signals, implement control algorithms, or measure process variables, such as temperatures, pressures, or positions. | —0 | —0 |
Recommend purchase of equipment to control dust, temperature, or humidity in area of system installation. | —0 | —0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Analyze information to determine, recommend, and plan installation of a new system or modification of an existing system.O*NET Task ID 21661 | 1.0 |
Analyze user needs and software requirements to determine feasibility of design within time and cost constraints.O*NET Task ID 21662 | 1.0 |
Confer with systems analysts, engineers, programmers and others to design systems and to obtain information on project limitations and capabilities, performance requirements and interfaces.O*NET Task ID 21664 | 1.0 |
Coordinate installation of software system.O*NET Task ID 21666 | 1.0 |
Design, develop and modify software systems, using scientific analysis and mathematical models to predict and measure outcomes and consequences of design.O*NET Task ID 21667 | 1.0 |
Determine system performance standards.O*NET Task ID 21668 | 1.0 |
Develop or direct software system testing or validation procedures, programming, or documentation.O*NET Task ID 21669 | 1.0 |
Modify existing software to correct errors, adapt it to new hardware, or upgrade interfaces and improve performance.O*NET Task ID 21670 | 1.0 |
Monitor functioning of equipment to ensure system operates in conformance with specifications.O*NET Task ID 21671 | 1.0 |
Obtain and evaluate information on factors such as reporting formats required, costs, or security needs to determine hardware configuration.O*NET Task ID 21672 | 1.0 |
Train users to use new or modified equipment.O*NET Task ID 21679 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
Occupation information
Recent Changes Affecting This Occupation
Jul 2026: ADP/Stanford linked postings-payroll study of ~7,000 IT workers (2019-2025) prices tasks separately within IT jobs. Advising others on the design or use of technologies is among 8 higher-wage activities; five tasks lost compensation value in 2023-2025 vs 2019-2022, including "develop models of systems, processes, or products." Effect sizes were not published.
[Source: ADP Research / Stanford Digital Economy Lab, Unbundling Jobs (July 2026)]Jun 2026: Cited by ADP Research as an example of a high-AI-exposure occupation. Group-level payroll data shows employment in high-exposure occupations down 0.2% year over year overall and down 4.3% for workers aged 22-25 (33rd consecutive monthly decline). The percentages are for the high-exposure group, not for this occupation alone.
[Source: ADP Research, Canaries Dashboard (June 2026)]Apr 2026: Korean youth employment data shows codified knowledge work most vulnerable to AI displacement. Professional/technical services lost 98,000 workers in Jan 2026 (worst since 2013). Entry-level coding tasks at highest risk.
[Source: Econmingle / National Assembly Budget Office (2026)]