BLS रोज़गार पूर्वानुमान तालिका के 831 विस्तृत व्यवसायों के आधार पर। मान NEM (नेशनल एम्प्लॉयमेंट मैट्रिक्स) कोड के स्तर पर दिया जाता है, इसलिए एक ही NEM कोड वाले व्यवसायों को वही बैंड मिलता है
जेनरेटिव AI एक्सपोजर सूचकांक, प्रकाशित रूप में 0–1
ISCO-08 यूनिट समूह — समान कोड वाले सभी व्यवसायों को यही मान मिलता है
यह इस साइट की गणना है, ILO द्वारा प्रकाशित आँकड़ा नहीं: इस साइट द्वारा ILO डेटासेट से जोड़े गए 1,012 व्यवसायों में से 30% इस मान के बराबर या उससे अधिक हैं।
BLS की श्रेणी सापेक्ष रैंक है, निरपेक्ष स्तर नहीं, और यह प्रथम-हस्त माप भी नहीं है: यह कई प्रकाशित अध्ययनों में व्यवसाय की पर्सेंटाइल रैंकों को चार बैंडों में बांटती है। यह रोज़गार या वेतन का पूर्वानुमान नहीं है, न अपनाए जाने की संभावना, और यह स्वचालन और संवर्धन में अंतर नहीं करती।
Write new programs or modify existing programs to meet customer requirements, using current programming languages and technologies.Details
15-1199
4.872142.9
4.306233.5
Perform initial debugging procedures by reviewing configuration files, logs, or code pieces to determine breakdown source.Details
15-1199
0.90047.9
1.10028.6
Search electronic sources, such as databases or repositories, or manual sources for information.Details
15-1199
0.48534.3
0.20441.6
Determine sources of web page or server problems, and take action to correct such problems.Details
15-1199
0.36333.2
0.26292.0
Develop transactional Web applications, using Web programming software and knowledge of programming languages, such as hypertext markup language (HTML) and extensible markup language (XML).Details
15-1199
0.32932.9
0.29362.3
Provide technical guidance or support for the development or troubleshooting of systems.Details
15-1199
0.32322.8
0.03020.2
Provide feedback and recommendations to developers on software usability and functionality.Details
15-1199
0.29202.6
0.21741.7
Develop application-specific software.Details
15-1199
0.27242.4
0.48553.8
Respond to program error messages by finding and correcting problems or terminating the program.Details
43-9011
0.26342.3
0.27302.1
Consult with multiple stakeholders to define requirements and implement online features.Details
15-1199
0.24192.1
0.04230.3
Help programmers and systems analysts test and debug new programs.Details
43-9011
0.23832.1
0.22201.7
Review software documentation to ensure technical accuracy, compliance, or completeness, or to mitigate risks.Details
15-1199
0.16241.4
0.63625.0
Configure servers to meet functional specifications.Details
15-1199
0.15681.4
0.17041.3
Design databases to support business applications, ensuring system scalability, security, performance and reliability.Details
15-1199
0.13011.1
0.07060.5
Create, analyze, report, convert, or transfer data, using specialized applications program software.Details
15-1199
0.12051.1
1.05438.2
Evaluate or recommend software for testing or bug tracking.Details
15-1199
0.10881.0
0.03200.2
Design database applications, such as interfaces, data transfer mechanisms, global temporary tables, data partitions, and function-based indexes to enable efficient access of the generic database structure.Details
15-1199
0.09980.9
0.04520.4
Collect business intelligence data from available industry reports, public information, field reports, or purchased sources.Details
15-1199
0.08750.8
0.31332.4
Evaluate or recommend server hardware or software.Details
15-1199
0.08520.8
0.02940.2
Develop or implement procedures for ongoing web site revision.Details
15-1199
0.07800.7
0.08690.7
Demonstrate database technical functionality, such as performance, security and reliability.Details
15-1199
0.07800.7
0.01770.1
Determine supplementary virtual features, such as currency, item catalog, menu design, and audio direction.Details
15-1199
0.07310.6
0.13061.0
Develop database architectural strategies at the modeling, design and implementation stages to address business or industry requirements.Details
15-1199
0.07310.6
0.03350.3
Document software defects, using a bug tracking system, and report defects to software developers.Details
15-1199
0.06280.6
0.26532.1
Identify, evaluate and recommend hardware or software technologies to achieve desired database performance.Details
15-1199
0.06240.5
0.01240.1
Develop system engineering, software engineering, system integration, or distributed system architectures.Details
15-1199
0.05930.5
0.02530.2
Synthesize current business intelligence or trend data to support recommendations for action.Details
15-1199
0.05860.5
0.03510.3
Collaborate with system architects, software architects, design analysts, and others to understand business or industry requirements.Details
15-1199
0.05850.5
0.03460.3
Generate standard or custom reports summarizing business, financial, or economic data for review by executives, managers, clients, and other stakeholders.Details
15-1199
0.05830.5
0.09030.7
Analyze, interpret, or disseminate system performance data.Details
15-1199
0.05250.5
0.07400.6
Develop data models for applications, metadata tables, views or related database structures.Details
15-1199
0.04440.4
0.03150.2
Perform security analyses of developed or packaged software components.Details
15-1199
0.04290.4
0.80706.3
Develop and document database architectures.Details
15-1199
0.04280.4
0.02760.2
Create supporting documentation, such as metadata and diagrams of entity relationships, business processes, and process flow.Details
15-1199
0.04220.4
0.02660.2
Identify methods for interfacing Web application technologies with enterprise resource planning or other system software.Details
15-1199
0.03680.3
0.03040.2
Design or develop automated testing tools.Details
15-1199
0.03450.3
0.13151.0
Evaluate existing systems to determine effectiveness and suggest changes to meet organizational requirements.Details
15-1199
0.03290.3
0.01980.2
Document and communicate database schemas, using accepted notations.Details
15-1199
0.03220.3
0.02950.2
Create content strategies for digital media.Details
15-1199
0.03220.3
0.01510.1
Conduct market research analysis to identify search query trends, real-time search and news media activity, popular social media topics, electronic commerce trends, market opportunities, or competitor performance.Details
15-1199
0.02790.2
0.03120.2
Provide guidelines for implementing secure systems to customers or installation teams.Details
15-1199
0.02770.2
0.00730.1
Complete models and simulations, using manual or automated tools, to analyze or predict system performance under different operating conditions.Details
15-1199
0.02730.2
0.02300.2
Provide or coordinate troubleshooting support for data warehouses.Details
15-1199
0.02590.2
0.00530.0
Develop or configure document management system features, such as user interfaces, access profiles, and document workflow procedures.Details
15-1199
0.02430.2
0.03570.3
Develop and implement data extraction procedures from other systems, such as administration, billing, or claims.Details
15-1199
0.02430.2
0.01770.1
Collaborate with web, multimedia, or art design staffs to create multimedia Web sites or other internet content that conforms to brand and company visual format.Details
15-1199
0.02410.2
0.02990.2
Document technical functions and specifications for new or proposed content management systems.Details
15-1199
0.02350.2
0.00680.1
Prepare functional or technical documentation for data warehouses.Details
15-1199
0.01910.2
0.00370.0
Create visual representations of geospatial data using complex procedures, such as analytical modeling, three-dimensional renderings, or plot creation.Details
15-1199
0.01720.2
0.00600.0
Design and implement warehouse database structures.Details
15-1199
0.01710.2
0.01070.1
Retrieve, separate and sort program output as needed, and send data to specified users.Details
43-9011
0.01650.1
0.02690.2
Perform system analysis, data analysis or programming, using a variety of computer languages and procedures.Details
15-1199
0.01640.1
0.16651.3
Identify, standardize, and communicate levels of access and security.Details
15-1199
0.01540.1
0.00370.0
Prepare project status reports by collecting, analyzing, and summarizing information and trends.Details
15-1199
0.01530.1
0.02210.2
Create business intelligence tools or systems, including design of related databases, spreadsheets, or outputs.Details
15-1199
0.01490.1
0.02140.2
Analyze competitive market strategies through analysis of related product, market, or share trends.Details
15-1199
0.01490.1
0.01020.1
Develop or document style guidelines for web site content.Details
15-1199
0.01470.1
0.01150.1
Optimize digital assets, such as text, graphics, or multimedia assets, for search engine optimization (SEO) or for display and usability on internet-connected devices.Details
15-1199
0.01450.1
0.01040.1
Develop or update project plans for information technology projects including information such as project objectives, technologies, systems, information specifications, schedules, funding, and staffing.Details
15-1199
0.01430.1
0.01040.1
Coordinate with developers to optimize Web site architecture, server configuration, or page construction for search engine consumption and optimal visibility.Details
15-1199
0.01400.1
0.01750.1
Develop implementation plans that include analyses such as cost-benefit or return on investment (ROI).Details
15-1199
0.01340.1
0.00310.0
Identify system data, hardware, or software components required to meet user needs.Details
15-1199
0.01180.1
0.00650.1
Provide training or technical assistance in web site implementation or use.Details
15-1199
0.01060.1
—0
Operate spreadsheet programs and other types of software to load and manipulate data and to produce reports.Details
43-9011
0.01050.1
0.00600.0
Map data between source systems, data warehouses, and data marts.Details
15-1199
0.01040.1
0.01580.1
Provide technical support to users or clients regarding the maintenance, development, or operation of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) databases, equipment, or applications.Details
15-1199
0.01040.1
0.00200.0
Review or update web page content or links in a timely manner, using appropriate tools.Details
15-1199
0.01030.1
0.04940.4
Disseminate information regarding tools, reports, or metadata enhancements.Details
15-1199
0.01020.1
0.00380.0
Design, implement, or operate comprehensive data warehouse systems to balance optimization of data access with batch loading and resource utilization factors, according to customer requirements.Details
15-1199
0.00940.1
0.00650.1
Create and enforce database development standards.Details
15-1199
0.00910.1
0.00320.0
Perform geospatial data building, modeling, or analysis, using advanced spatial analysis, data manipulation, or cartography software.Details
15-1199
0.00900.1
0.00620.0
Execute or manage social media campaigns to inform search marketing tactics.Details
15-1199
0.00880.1
0.00710.1
Develop or maintain standards, such as organization, structure, or nomenclature, for the design of data warehouse elements, such as data architectures, models, tools, and databases.Details
15-1199
0.00880.1
0.00360.0
Provide advice on project costs, design concepts, or design changes.Details
15-1199
0.00860.1
—0
Plan and install upgrades of database management system software to enhance database performance.Details
15-1199
0.00840.1
0.00580.0
Develop or maintain archived procedures, procedural codes, or queries for applications.Details
15-1199
0.00800.1
0.00800.1
Develop data warehouse process models, including sourcing, loading, transformation, and extraction.Details
15-1199
0.00790.1
0.00410.0
Provide technical expertise in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology to clients or users.Details
15-1199
0.00730.1
—0
Perform ongoing hardware and software maintenance operations, including installing or upgrading hardware or software.Details
15-1199
0.00710.1
0.02720.2
Gather, analyze, or document user feedback to locate or resolve sources of problems.Details
15-1199
0.00690.1
0.04890.4
Identify and analyze industry or geographic trends with business strategy implications.Details
15-1199
0.00680.1
0.00220.0
Record information such as computer operating time, problems that occurred, and actions taken.Details
43-9011
0.00670.1
0.01940.2
Improve search-related activities through ongoing analysis, experimentation, or optimization tests, using A/B or multivariate methods.Details
15-1199
0.00650.1
0.01380.1
Optimize shopping cart experience or Web site conversion rates against Key Performance Indicators (KPIs).Details
15-1199
0.00630.1
0.00970.1
Update automated test scripts to ensure currency.Details
15-1199
0.00570.1
0.05920.5
Implement web site security measures, such as firewalls or message encryption.Details
15-1199
0.00560.0
0.00360.0
Perform computer programming, data analysis, or software development for Geographic Information Systems (GIS) applications, including the maintenance of existing systems or research and development for future enhancements.Details
15-1199
0.00550.0
0.00340.0
Analyze technology trends to identify markets for future product development or to improve sales of existing products.Details
15-1199
0.00510.0
0.00160.0
Document design specifications, installation instructions, and other system-related information.Details
15-1199
0.00460.0
0.00240.0
Create and manage documentation, production schedules, prototyping goals, and communication plans in collaboration with production staff.Details
15-1199
0.00460.0
0.00160.0
Optimize Web site exposure by analyzing search engine patterns to direct online placement of keywords or other content.Details
15-1199
0.00450.0
0.00670.1
Develop or approve project plans, schedules, or budgets.Details
15-1199
0.00450.0
0.00190.0
Recommend procedures or equipment or software upgrades to increase data accessibility or ease of use.Details
15-1199
0.00450.0
0.00180.0
Purchase or negotiate placement of listings in local search engines, directories, or digital mapping technologies.Details
15-1199
0.00450.0
—0
Provide technical support to junior staff or clients.Details
15-1199
0.00410.0
0.00360.0
Evaluate current or emerging technologies to consider factors such as cost, portability, compatibility, or usability.Details
15-1199
0.00400.0
0.00160.0
Test system modifications to prepare for implementation.Details
15-1199
0.00390.0
0.07640.6
Monitor systems for intrusions or denial of service attacks, and report security breaches to appropriate personnel.Details
15-1199
0.00380.0
0.01320.1
Provide technical support for computer-based Geographic Information Systems (GIS) mapping software.Details
15-1199
0.00380.0
—0
Conduct online marketing initiatives, such as paid ad placement, affiliate programs, sponsorship programs, email promotions, or viral marketing campaigns on social media Web sites.Details
15-1199
0.00370.0
0.00430.0
Develop and maintain design level documentation, including mechanics, guidelines, and mission outlines.Details
15-1199
0.00360.0
—0
Collect and analyze Web metrics, such as visits, time on site, page views per visit, transaction volume and revenue, traffic mix, click-through rates, conversion rates, cost per acquisition, or cost per click.Details
15-1199
0.00350.0
0.00790.1
Identify appropriate Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) and report key metrics from digital campaigns.Details
15-1199
0.00330.0
0.00470.0
Write, review, or execute plans for testing new or established document management systems.Details
15-1199
0.00320.0
—0
Maintain library of model documents, templates, or other reusable knowledge assets.Details
15-1199
0.00310.0
0.00170.0
Implement electronic document processing, retrieval, and distribution systems in collaboration with other information technology specialists.Details
15-1199
0.00300.0
0.00860.1
Administer document and system access rights and revision control to ensure security of system and integrity of master documents.Details
15-1199
0.00300.0
0.00690.1
Select methods, techniques, or criteria for data warehousing evaluative procedures.Details
15-1199
0.00300.0
0.00320.0
Develop specialized computer software routines, internet-based Geographic Information Systems (GIS) databases, or business applications to customize geographic information.Details
15-1199
0.00300.0
—0
Collaborate with artists to achieve appropriate visual style.Details
15-1199
0.00290.0
0.00250.0
Document, design, code, or test Geographic Information Systems (GIS) models, internet mapping solutions, or other applications.Details
15-1199
0.00290.0
0.00250.0
Provide technical support for existing reports, dashboards, or other tools.Details
15-1199
0.00280.0
0.01240.1
Identify, review, or select vendors or consultants to meet project needs.Details
15-1199
0.00280.0
0.00330.0
Check and analyze operating system or application logfiles regularly to verify proper system performance.Details
15-1199
0.00280.0
—0
Provide technical support during software installation or configuration.Details
15-1199
0.00270.0
0.00370.0
Direct or coordinate activities of project personnel.Details
15-1199
0.00260.0
0.01670.1
Assess current or future customer needs and priorities through communicating directly with customers, conducting surveys, or other methods.Details
15-1199
0.00250.0
0.01360.1
Track, compile, and analyze web site usage data.Details
15-1199
0.00250.0
0.00790.1
Monitor or track project milestones and deliverables.Details
15-1199
0.00240.0
0.00960.1
Confer with users to analyze, configure, or troubleshoot applications.Details
15-1199
0.00240.0
0.00570.0
Collaborate with engineers or software developers to select appropriate design solutions or ensure the compatibility of system components.Details
15-1199
0.00240.0
0.00290.0
Create or implement metadata processes and frameworks.Details
15-1199
0.00230.0
0.00280.0
Design, program, or model Geographic Information Systems (GIS) applications or procedures.Details
15-1199
0.00230.0
—0
Analyze Geographic Information Systems (GIS) data to identify spatial relationships or display results of analyses, using maps, graphs, or tabular data.Details
15-1199
0.00220.0
0.00570.0
Implement business rules via stored procedures, middleware, or other technologies.Details
15-1199
0.00200.0
0.01210.1
Define and analyze objectives, scope, issues, or organizational impact of information systems.Details
15-1199
0.00190.0
—0
Monitor bug resolution efforts and track successes.Details
15-1199
0.00180.0
0.02160.2
Verify stability, interoperability, portability, security, or scalability of system architecture.Details
15-1199
0.00180.0
0.00340.0
Manage timely flow of business intelligence information to users.Details
15-1199
0.00180.0
0.00280.0
Select cartographic elements needed for effective presentation of information.Details
15-1199
0.00170.0
—0
Conduct financial modeling for online marketing programs or Web site revenue forecasting.Details
15-1199
0.00160.0
—0
Investigate customer problems referred by technical support.Details
—0
0.00800.1
Maintain or update business intelligence tools, databases, dashboards, systems, or methods.Details
—0
0.00740.1
Manage project execution to ensure adherence to budget, schedule, and scope.Details
—0
0.00670.1
Coordinate sales or other promotional strategies with merchandising, operations, or inventory control staff to ensure product catalogs are current, accurate, and organized for best findability against user intent.Details
—0
0.00670.1
Implement scanning or other automated data entry procedures, using imaging devices and document imaging software.Details
—0
0.00410.0
Assist in the assessment, acquisition, or deployment of new electronic document management systems.Details
—0
0.00410.0
Identify or monitor current and potential customers, using business intelligence tools.Details
—0
0.00280.0
Combine secondary data sources with keyword research to more accurately profile and satisfy user intent.Details
—0
0.00260.0
Implement online customer service processes to ensure positive and consistent user experiences.Details
—0
0.00240.0
Meet with clients to discuss topics such as technical specifications, customized solutions, or operational problems.Details
—0
0.00210.0
Enter data into Geographic Information Systems (GIS) databases, using techniques such as coordinate geometry, keyboard entry of tabular data, manual digitizing of maps, scanning or automatic conversion to vectors, or conversion of other sources of digital data.Details
—0
0.00200.0
Collaborate with field staff or customers to evaluate or diagnose problems and recommend possible solutions.Details
—0
0.00190.0
Maintain or modify existing Geographic Information Systems (GIS) databases.Details
—0
0.00170.0
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
Task
βE1 + 0.5 × E2
Adhere to legal policies and procedures related to handling digital media.Details
O*NET Task ID 21786
1.0
Duplicate digital evidence to use for data recovery and analysis procedures.Details
O*NET Task ID 21792
1.0
Identify or develop reverse-engineering tools to improve system capabilities or detect vulnerabilities.Details
O*NET Task ID 21793
1.0
Maintain cyber defense software or hardware to support responses to cyber incidents.Details
O*NET Task ID 21794
1.0
Recover data or decrypt seized data.Details
O*NET Task ID 21801
1.0
Write and execute scripts to automate tasks, such as parsing large data files.Details
O*NET Task ID 21802
1.0
Write cyber defense recommendations, reports, or white papers using research or experience.Details
O*NET Task ID 21803
1.0
Write reports, sign affidavits, or give depositions for legal proceedings.Details
O*NET Task ID 21804
1.0
Write technical summaries to report findings.Details
O*NET Task ID 21805
1.0
Analyze log files or other digital information to identify the perpetrators of network intrusions.Details
O*NET Task ID 21787
0.5
Conduct predictive or reactive analyses on security measures to support cyber security initiatives.Details
O*NET Task ID 21788
0.5
Create system images or capture network settings from information technology environments to preserve as evidence.Details
O*NET Task ID 21789
0.5
Develop plans for investigating alleged computer crimes, violations, or suspicious activity.Details
O*NET Task ID 21790
0.5
Develop policies or requirements for data collection, processing, or reporting.Details
O*NET Task ID 21791
0.5
Maintain knowledge of laws, regulations, policies or other issuances pertaining to digital forensics or information privacy.Details
O*NET Task ID 21795
0.5
Perform file signature analysis to verify files on storage media or discover potential hidden files.Details
O*NET Task ID 21796
0.5
Perform forensic investigations of operating or file systems.Details
O*NET Task ID 21797
0.5
Perform web service network traffic analysis or waveform analysis to detect anomalies, such as unusual events or trends.Details
O*NET Task ID 21798
0.5
Preserve and maintain digital forensic evidence for analysis.Details
O*NET Task ID 21799
0.5
Recommend cyber defense software or hardware to support responses to cyber incidents.Details
O*NET Task ID 21800
0.5
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
व्यावसायिक जानकारी
आईएलओ व्यावसायिक विवरण
Information and Communications Technology Operations Technicians
सूचना और संचार प्रौद्योगिकी परिचालन तकनीशियन
स्वयं अनूदित
स्वयं अनूदित — यह आधिकारिक ISCO शब्दावली नहीं है (ILO द्वारा समीक्षित नहीं)।
Information and communications technology operations technicians support the day-to-day processing, operation and monitoring of information and communications technology systems, peripherlas, hardware, software and related computer equipment to ensure optimal performance and identify any problems.
कार्य
(a) operating and controlling peripheral and related computer equipment;
(b) entering commands, using computer terminal, and activating controls on computer and peripheral equipment to integrate and operate equipment;
(c) monitoring systems for equipment failure or errors in performance;
(d) notifying supervisor or maintenance technician of equipment malfunctions;
(e) responding to programme error messages by finding and correcting problems, escalating the problem to other staff or terminating the programme;
(f) reading job set-up instructions to determine equipment to be used, order of use, material such as disks and paper to be loaded, and control settings;
(g) retrieving, separating and sorting programme output as needed, and sending data to specified users;
(h) loading peripheral equipment, such as printers, with selected materials for operating runs, or overseeing loading of peripheral equipment by peripheral equipment operators.
Data centre operators maintain computer operations within the data centre. They manage daily activities within the centre to solve problems, maintain the system availability, and evaluate the system's performance.
स्रोत:European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
Shown in the original Korean. This dataset is published under KOGL Type 4, which prohibits derivative works including translation, so the text is reproduced unaltered.
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IT기술지원전문가 · 정보 시스템 운영자
The KNOW occupations and KECO codes listed here were linked to this page's occupation by this site; this is not a correspondence defined by the Korea Employment Information Service or the Ministry of Employment and Labor.
Projected change: +5.1%
Median wage: $117K
lowest $31Kmedian wage across 825 detailed occupations, BLS EP 2025–35highest $559K