Construction Laborers
Construction and Extraction Occupations- O*NET-SOC 代码
- 47-2061.00
Perform tasks involving physical labor at construction sites. May operate hand and power tools of all types: air hammers, earth tampers, cement mixers, small mechanical hoists, surveying and measuring equipment, and a variety of other equipment and instruments. May clean and prepare sites, dig trenches, set braces to support the sides of excavations, erect scaffolding, and clean up rubble, debris, and other waste materials. May assist other craft workers.
- 数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08
低· 相对
低四级相对区间很高职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）
以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档
- 数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03
0.028
0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745尺度 · 母数 · 来源
- 数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025
0.09
0.09此处所载数值的范围0.70职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1
按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应
该来源发布的是什么性质的数值
BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。
Task-level exposure
显示隐藏的 32 项工作已评分任务 32 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 2 项（6.3%）
β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。
- 原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
- 已评分任务中有 5 项不在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中，其分数按 O*NET 27.2 的发布值保留。
- 来源
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- 版本
- gh-main-0471612
- 许可
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
| Task (O*NET 20.1) | Claude.aiRaw / share % | APIRaw / share % |
|---|---|---|
Read plans, instructions, or specifications to determine work activities.47-2061.00 | 0.0022100.0 | 0.0065100.0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Read plans, instructions, or specifications to determine work activities.O*NET Task ID 11456 | 0.5 |
Measure, mark, or record openings or distances to layout areas where construction work will be performed.O*NET Task ID 11461 | 0.5 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
O*NET 31.0 全部任务（27 项）
本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。
| 任务（O*NET 31.0） | 类型 |
|---|---|
| Clean or prepare construction sites to eliminate possible hazards. | 核心 |
| Read plans, instructions, or specifications to determine work activities. | 核心 |
| Signal equipment operators to facilitate alignment, movement, or adjustment of machinery, equipment, or materials. | 核心 |
| Dig ditches or trenches, backfill excavations, or compact and level earth to grade specifications, using picks, shovels, pneumatic tampers, or rakes. | 核心 |
| Measure, mark, or record openings or distances to layout areas where construction work will be performed. | 核心 |
| Load, unload, or identify building materials, machinery, or tools, distributing them to the appropriate locations, according to project plans or specifications. | 核心 |
| Lubricate, clean, or repair machinery, equipment, or tools. | 核心 |
| Tend pumps, compressors, or generators to provide power for tools, machinery, or equipment or to heat or move materials, such as asphalt. | 核心 |
| Control traffic passing near, in, or around work zones. | 补充 |
| Position, join, align, or seal structural components, such as concrete wall sections or pipes. | 补充 |
| Erect or dismantle scaffolding, shoring, braces, traffic barricades, ramps, or other temporary structures. | 补充 |
| Position or dismantle forms for pouring concrete, using saws, hammers, nails, or bolts. | 补充 |
| Operate jackhammers or drills to break up concrete or pavement. | 补充 |
| Smooth or finish freshly poured cement or concrete, using floats, trowels, screeds, or powered cement finishing tools. | 补充 |
| Operate or maintain air monitoring or other sampling devices in confined or hazardous environments. | 补充 |
| Install sewer, water, or storm drain pipes, using pipe-laying machinery or laser guidance equipment. | 补充 |
| Provide assistance to craft workers, such as carpenters, plasterers, or masons. | 补充 |
| Mop, brush, or spread paints, cleaning solutions, or other compounds over surfaces to clean them or to provide protection. | 补充 |
| Place, consolidate, or protect case-in-place concrete or masonry structures. | 补充 |
| Mix, pour, or spread concrete, using portable cement mixers. | 补充 |
| Grind, scrape, sand, or polish surfaces, such as concrete, marble, terrazzo, or wood flooring, using abrasive tools or machines. | 补充 |
| Tend machines that pump concrete, grout, cement, sand, plaster, or stucco through spray guns for application to ceilings or walls. | 补充 |
| Mix ingredients to create compounds for covering or cleaning surfaces. | 补充 |
| Raze buildings or salvage useful materials. | 补充 |
| Spray materials, such as water, sand, steam, vinyl, paint, or stucco, through hoses to clean, coat, or seal surfaces. | 补充 |
| Apply caulking compounds by hand or caulking guns to protect against entry of water or air. | 补充 |
| Perform site activities required of green certified construction practices, such as implementing waste management procedures, identifying materials for reuse, or installing erosion or sedimentation control mechanisms. | 补充 |
1.05/ 3· 机器人暴露指数
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
对每项体力任务，按已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人能够完成它的环境评定 0–3 级（0 不可 · 1 围栏式机器单元、灌装线等机器人专用设施 · 2 医院药房、集装箱港口等受管理的设施 · 3 私人住宅、建筑工地等非结构化环境），再按工作时间占比求平均
以该职业 O*NET 29.3 任务中的体力任务为准
等级与时间占比由 Anthropic 使用 Claude Opus 5（网络搜索）估算（截至 2026 年）。
机器人暴露指数与本站的 AI 暴露度是不同的指标，不能相加或相互比较。该指数不代表实际采用情况或成本竞争力，0 也包括没有体力任务的职业。
每项体力任务的等级
机器人环境等级（E0–E3）
E0 机器人不可详情
评定为已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人即使在机器人专用设施中也无法完成
E1 机器人专用设施详情
评定为可在围绕机器搭建的设施中完成，例如围栏式机器单元或灌装线
E2 受管理的设施详情
评定为可在由机构按工作标准维护的人类工作设施中完成，例如医院药房或集装箱港口
E3 非结构化环境详情
评定为可在没有机构按工作标准维护的环境中完成，例如私人住宅或建筑工地
仅列出被归类为体力任务的任务；其他任务在来源中没有等级。
| 任务（O*NET 29.3） | 机器人环境等级 |
|---|---|
| Clean or prepare construction sites to eliminate possible hazards. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Dig ditches or trenches, backfill excavations, or compact and level earth to grade specifications, using picks, shovels, pneumatic tampers, or rakes. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Measure, mark, or record openings or distances to layout areas where construction work will be performed. | E3 非结构化环境 |
| Load, unload, or identify building materials, machinery, or tools, distributing them to the appropriate locations, according to project plans or specifications. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Lubricate, clean, or repair machinery, equipment, or tools. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Tend pumps, compressors, or generators to provide power for tools, machinery, or equipment or to heat or move materials, such as asphalt. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Control traffic passing near, in, or around work zones. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Position, join, align, or seal structural components, such as concrete wall sections or pipes. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Erect or dismantle scaffolding, shoring, braces, traffic barricades, ramps, or other temporary structures. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Position or dismantle forms for pouring concrete, using saws, hammers, nails, or bolts. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Operate jackhammers or drills to break up concrete or pavement. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Smooth or finish freshly poured cement or concrete, using floats, trowels, screeds, or powered cement finishing tools. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Operate or maintain air monitoring or other sampling devices in confined or hazardous environments. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Install sewer, water, or storm drain pipes, using pipe-laying machinery or laser guidance equipment. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Provide assistance to craft workers, such as carpenters, plasterers, or masons. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Mop, brush, or spread paints, cleaning solutions, or other compounds over surfaces to clean them or to provide protection. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Place, consolidate, or protect case-in-place concrete or masonry structures. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Mix, pour, or spread concrete, using portable cement mixers. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Grind, scrape, sand, or polish surfaces, such as concrete, marble, terrazzo, or wood flooring, using abrasive tools or machines. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Tend machines that pump concrete, grout, cement, sand, plaster, or stucco through spray guns for application to ceilings or walls. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Mix ingredients to create compounds for covering or cleaning surfaces. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Raze buildings or salvage useful materials. | E0 机器人不可 |
| Spray materials, such as water, sand, steam, vinyl, paint, or stucco, through hoses to clean, coat, or seal surfaces. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Apply caulking compounds by hand or caulking guns to protect against entry of water or air. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Perform site activities required of green certified construction practices, such as implementing waste management procedures, identifying materials for reuse, or installing erosion or sedimentation control mechanisms. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
职业信息
就业展望（BLS）
- 就业人数，2025
- 1.5M
- 预计就业人数，2035
- 1.6M
- 变化 (2025–35)
- +7.3%
- 年薪中位数，2025
- $47,120
- 入职通常所需学历
- No formal educational credential
韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）
来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。
| KSCO 代码 | KSCO 名称 | 关系 | 状态 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 91001 | 건설 단순 종사원 | 范围相同 | 已确认 |
| 78291 | 비계공 | 本职业范围更宽 | 已确认 |
| 78293 | 건물 해체원 | 本职业范围更宽 | 已确认 |
关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)
国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明
以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。
- ISCO-08 9313Building Construction Labourers
房屋建筑辅助工
自行翻译
自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。
以下定义、任务和职业示例是 ILO 对该 ISCO-08 职业组的描述，而不是对本职业的描述。
Building construction labourers perform routine tasks in connection with building construction and demolition work.
任务
- (a) cleaning used building bricks and doing other simple work on demolition sites;
- (b) mixing, pouring and spreading materials such as concrete, plaster and mortar;
- (c) digging and filling holes and trenches using hand held tools;
- (d) spreading sand, soil, gravel and similar materials;
- (e) loading and unloading construction materials, excavated material and equipment and transporting them around construction sites using wheelbarrows, hods and hand trucks;
- (f) cleaning work sites and removing obstructions.
职业示例
Bricklayer's assistant · Construction labourer (building work) · Demolition labourer · Hod carrier
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO 职业词汇
以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。
- building construction workerESCO 9313.1本职业范围更宽
Building construction workers prepare and maintain building construction activities on construction sites. They perform preparation and clean-up work in order to assist specialised construction workers.
- civil engineering workerESCO 9312.1本职业范围更宽
Civil engineering workers perform tasks concerning the cleaning and preparation of construction sites for civil engineering projects. This includes the work on building and maintenance of roads, railways and dams.
- concrete finisherESCO 7114.1本职业范围更宽
Concrete finishers work with binding agents like cement and concrete. They put up any removable forms and pour concrete into the forms. They then execute one or several actions to finish the concrete: cutting, screeding or levelling, compacting, smoothing, and chamfering to prevent chipping.
- demolition workerESCO 7119.2本职业范围更宽
Demolition workers operate equipment to demolish structures. They safely destroy buildings and remove the debris to permit the site to be used for a different purpose.
- road construction workerESCO 8342.6本职业范围更宽
Road construction workers perform road construction on earthworks, substructure works and the pavement section of the road. They cover the compacted soil with one or more layers. Road construction workers usually lay a stabilising bed of sand or clay first before adding asphalt or concrete slabs in order to finish a road.
来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
法国职业分类关联（ROME）
本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。
| ROME 代码 | ROME 名称（法语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| F1704 | Manœuvre du Bâtiment et des Travaux Publics | 范围相同 |
| F1505 | Echafaudeur / Echafaudeuse | 本职业范围更宽 |
| F1709 | Démolisseur / Démolisseuse | 相关，但不对应 |
| I1501 | Opérateur / Opératrice cordiste | 相关，但不对应 |
| I1511 | Technicien / Technicienne cordiste | 相关，但不对应 |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）
本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| CNO-11 代码 | CNO-11 名称（西班牙语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 9601 | Peones de obras públicas | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| 9602 | Peones de la construcción de edificios | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| 7112 | Montadores de prefabricados estructurales (sólo hormigón) | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
| 7199 | Otros trabajadores de las obras estructurales de construcción no clasificados bajo otros epígrafes | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
德国职业分类关联（KldB）
本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| KldB 代码 | KldB 名称（德语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 32101 | Berufe im Hochbau (ohne Spezialisierung) - Helfer-/Anlerntätigkeiten | 本职业范围更宽 |
| 32201 | Berufe im Tiefbau (ohne Spezialisierung) - Helfer-/Anlerntätigkeiten | 本职业范围更宽 |
| 33301 | Berufe im Aus- und Trockenbau (ohne Spezialisierung) - Helfer-/Anlerntätigkeiten | 本职业范围更宽 |
| 32162 | Berufe im Gerüstbau - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| 32202 | Berufe im Tiefbau (ohne Spezialisierung) - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| 31152 | Berufe in der Bauwerkserhaltung und -erneuerung - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | 相关，但不对应 |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
日本职业分类关联（JSCO）
本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| JSCO 代码 | JSCO 名称（日语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 681 | 土木従事者 | 本职业范围更窄 |
| 652 | とび職 | 相关，但不对应 |
| 739 | その他の運搬・清掃・包装等従事者 | 相关，但不对应 |
| 683 | ダム・トンネル掘削従事者 | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源