Rolling Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic

Production Occupations
O*NET-SOC 代码
51-4023.00

Set up, operate, or tend machines to roll steel or plastic forming bends, beads, knurls, rolls, or plate, or to flatten, temper, or reduce gauge of material.

  • 数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08

    中等· 相对

    低四级相对区间很高

    职业群单位数值

    尺度 · 母数 · 来源

    四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）

    以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档

    来源数据集（XLSX 文件下载）

  • 数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03

    0.000

    0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745
    尺度 · 母数 · 来源

    观测暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1

    以O*NET任务映射为基准

    按 SOC 2018 职业发布的数值；具有相同 SOC 2018 代码的所有 O*NET 职业均显示此值

    来源数据集（CSV 文件下载）

  • 数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025

    0.17–0.26· ISCO-08 职业组 3 个

    尺度 · 母数 · 来源

    生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1

    按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应

    来源数据集（PDF 文件下载）

该来源发布的是什么性质的数值

BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。

各关联 ISCO-08 职业组的 ILO 数值
  • ISCO-08 7223Metal Working Machine Tool Setters and Operators0.18
  • ISCO-08 8121Metal Processing Plant Operators0.26
  • ISCO-08 8142Plastic Products Machine Operators0.17

Task-level exposure

显示隐藏的 15 项工作

已评分任务 19 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 4 项（21.1%）

β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。

  • 原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
  • 所有已评分任务均在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中。
来源
OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
版本
gh-main-0471612
许可
MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI

Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime.

Task (O*NET 27.2)βE1 + 0.5 × E2
Record mill production on schedule sheets.

O*NET Task ID 10102

1.0
Calculate draft space and roll speed for each mill stand to plan rolling sequences and specified dimensions and tempers.

O*NET Task ID 10105

1.0
Examine, inspect, and measure raw materials and finished products to verify conformance to specifications.

O*NET Task ID 10093

0.5
Read rolling orders, blueprints, and mill schedules to determine setup specifications, work sequences, product dimensions, and installation procedures.

O*NET Task ID 10094

0.5

β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.

Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page

O*NET 31.0 全部任务（19 项）

本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。

任务（O*NET 31.0）类型
Adjust and correct machine set-ups to reduce thicknesses, reshape products, and eliminate product defects.核心
Monitor machine cycles and mill operation to detect jamming and to ensure that products conform to specifications.核心
Examine, inspect, and measure raw materials and finished products to verify conformance to specifications.核心
Read rolling orders, blueprints, and mill schedules to determine setup specifications, work sequences, product dimensions, and installation procedures.核心
Manipulate controls and observe dial indicators to monitor, adjust, and regulate speeds of machine mechanisms.核心
Start operation of rolling and milling machines to flatten, temper, form, and reduce sheet metal sections and to produce steel strips.核心
Set distance points between rolls, guides, meters, and stops, according to specifications.核心
Position, align, and secure arbors, spindles, coils, mandrels, dies, and slitting knives.核心
Direct and train other workers to change rolls, operate mill equipment, remove coils and cobbles, and band and load material.核心
Fill oil cups, adjust valves, and observe gauges to control flow of metal coolants and lubricants onto workpieces.核心
Record mill production on schedule sheets.核心
Install equipment such as guides, guards, gears, cooling equipment, and rolls, using hand tools.核心
Signal and assist other workers to remove and position equipment, fill hoppers, and feed materials into machines.核心
Calculate draft space and roll speed for each mill stand to plan rolling sequences and specified dimensions and tempers.核心
Activate shears and grinders to trim workpieces.核心
Thread or feed sheets or rods through rolling mechanisms, or start and control mechanisms that automatically feed steel into rollers.补充
Select rolls, dies, roll stands, and chucks from data charts to form specified contours and to fabricate products.补充
Remove scratches and polish roll surfaces, using polishing stones and electric buffers.补充
Disassemble sizing mills removed from rolling lines, and sort and store parts.补充

职业信息

就业展望（BLS）

就业人数，2025
25K
预计就业人数，2035
23K
变化 (2025–35)
-8.3%
年薪中位数，2025
$50,140
入职通常所需学历
High school diploma or equivalent
最低 $30,890BLS EP 2025–35 中 825 个细分职业的工资中位数范围最高 $559,030

来源: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections 2025–35 — Employment by detailed occupation, 2025 and projected 2035

韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）

来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。

KSCO 代码KSCO 名称关系状态
84151압연기 조작원本职业范围更宽已确认
84149그 외 금속가공 관련 제어 장치 조작원有重叠，但不相同已确认

关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)

国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明

以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。

  • ISCO-08 7223Metal Working Machine Tool Setters and Operators

    金属加工机床调整工和操作工

  • ISCO-08 8121Metal Processing Plant Operators

    金属加工厂操作工

  • ISCO-08 8142Plastic Products Machine Operators

    塑料制品机器操作工

自行翻译

自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。

Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits

ESCO 职业词汇

以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。

  • metal rolling mill operatorESCO 8121.5本职业范围更宽

    Metal rolling mill operators set up and tend metal rolling mills designed to form metal workpieces into their desired shape by passing them through one or several pairs of rolls in order to decrease the metal's thickness and to make it homogeneous. They also take into account the proper temperature for this rolling process.

  • plastic rolling machine operatorESCO 8142.11本职业范围更宽

    Plastic rolling machine operators operate and monitor machines to produce plastic rolls, or to flatten and reduce the material. They examine raw materials and finished products to make sure they are according to specifications.

  • mechanical forging press workerESCO 7221.4有重叠，但不相同

    Mechanical forging press workers set up and tend mechanical forging presses, designed to shape ferrous and non-ferrous metal workpieces including pipes, tubes and hollow profiles and other products of the first processing of steel in their desired form by use of preset, compressive forces provided by cranks, cams and toggles at reproducible strokes.

  • metal drawing machine operatorESCO 8121.4有重叠，但不相同

    Metal drawing machine operators set up and operate drawing machines for ferrous and non-ferrous metal products, designed to provide wires, bars, pipes, hollow profiles and tubes with their specific form by reducing its cross-section and by pulling the working materials through a series of drawing dies.

  • straightening machine operatorESCO 7223.22有重叠，但不相同

    Straightening machine operators set up and tend straightening machines designed to form metal workpieces into their desired shape using pressing practices. They adjust the angle and the height of the straightening rolls and select the settings for the pressing force required to straighten the workpiece, taking into account the end product's yield strenght and size, without excess work hardening.

  • swaging machine operatorESCO 7223.23有重叠，但不相同

    Swaging machine operators set up and tend rotary swaging machines, designed to alter round ferrous and non-ferrous metal workpieces into their desired shape by first hammering them into a smaller diameter through the compressive force of two or more dies and then tagging them using a rotary swager, a process through which no excess material is lost.

  • thread rolling machine operatorESCO 7223.24有重叠，但不相同

    Thread rolling machine operators set up and tend thread rolling machines designed to form metal workpieces into external and internal screw threads by pressing a thread rolling die against metal blank rods, creating a larger diameter than those of the original blank workpieces.

  • upsetting machine operatorESCO 7223.25有重叠，但不相同

    Upsetting machine operators set up and tend upsetting machines, primarily crank presses, designed to form through forging processes metal workpieces, usually wires, rods, or bars, into their desired shape by having split dies with mulitiple cavities compress the workpieces' length and hereby increasing their diameter.

来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)

许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)

查看原文

ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.

法国职业分类关联（ROME）

本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。

ROME 代码ROME 名称（法语）关系
H2904Forgeron industriel / Forgeronne industrielle本职业范围更窄暂定
H2924Conducteur / Conductrice de ligne de production en industrie métallurgique相关，但不对应
H2905Cisailleur / Cisailleuse en métallurgie相关，但不对应暂定
H3204Opérateur / Opératrice de production des matières plastiques et du caoutchouc相关，但不对应暂定

Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.

ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)

西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）

本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

CNO-11 代码CNO-11 名称（西班牙语）关系
8121Operadores en instalaciones para la obtención y transformación de metales本职业范围更窄暂定
3135Técnicos en control de procesos de producción de metales相关，但不对应暂定
8142Operadores de máquinas para fabricar productos de material plástico相关，但不对应暂定

Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)

德国职业分类关联（KldB）

本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

KldB 代码KldB 名称（德语）关系
24122Berufe in der Metallumformung - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten本职业范围更窄
22102Berufe in der Kunststoff- und Kautschukherstellung (ohne Spezialisierung) - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten相关，但不对应
24123Berufe in der Metallumformung - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten相关，但不对应暂定

Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)

日本职业分类关联（JSCO）

本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

JSCO 代码JSCO 名称（日语）关系
529その他の製品製造・加工処理従事者（金属製品）本职业范围更窄
499その他の生産設備制御・監視従事者（金属製品）相关，但不对应
538ゴム・プラスチック製品製造従事者相关，但不对应

Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)

本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源