Rolling Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic
Production Occupations- O*NET-SOC 代码
- 51-4023.00
Set up, operate, or tend machines to roll steel or plastic forming bends, beads, knurls, rolls, or plate, or to flatten, temper, or reduce gauge of material.
- 数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08
中等· 相对
低四级相对区间很高职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）
以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档
- 数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03
0.000
0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745尺度 · 母数 · 来源
- 数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025
0.17–0.26· ISCO-08 职业组 3 个
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1
按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应
该来源发布的是什么性质的数值
BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。
各关联 ISCO-08 职业组的 ILO 数值
- ISCO-08 7223Metal Working Machine Tool Setters and Operators0.18
- ISCO-08 8121Metal Processing Plant Operators0.26
- ISCO-08 8142Plastic Products Machine Operators0.17
Task-level exposure
仅显示有暴露的工作已评分任务 19 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 4 项（21.1%）
β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。
- 原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
- 所有已评分任务均在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中。
- 来源
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- 版本
- gh-main-0471612
- 许可
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Record mill production on schedule sheets.O*NET Task ID 10102 | 1.0 |
Calculate draft space and roll speed for each mill stand to plan rolling sequences and specified dimensions and tempers.O*NET Task ID 10105 | 1.0 |
Examine, inspect, and measure raw materials and finished products to verify conformance to specifications.O*NET Task ID 10093 | 0.5 |
Read rolling orders, blueprints, and mill schedules to determine setup specifications, work sequences, product dimensions, and installation procedures.O*NET Task ID 10094 | 0.5 |
Adjust and correct machine set-ups to reduce thicknesses, reshape products, and eliminate product defects.O*NET Task ID 10091 | 0.0 |
Monitor machine cycles and mill operation to detect jamming and to ensure that products conform to specifications.O*NET Task ID 10092 | 0.0 |
Manipulate controls and observe dial indicators to monitor, adjust, and regulate speeds of machine mechanisms.O*NET Task ID 10095 | 0.0 |
Start operation of rolling and milling machines to flatten, temper, form, and reduce sheet metal sections and to produce steel strips.O*NET Task ID 10096 | 0.0 |
Set distance points between rolls, guides, meters, and stops, according to specifications.O*NET Task ID 10097 | 0.0 |
Thread or feed sheets or rods through rolling mechanisms, or start and control mechanisms that automatically feed steel into rollers.O*NET Task ID 10098 | 0.0 |
Position, align, and secure arbors, spindles, coils, mandrels, dies, and slitting knives.O*NET Task ID 10099 | 0.0 |
Direct and train other workers to change rolls, operate mill equipment, remove coils and cobbles, and band and load material.O*NET Task ID 10100 | 0.0 |
Fill oil cups, adjust valves, and observe gauges to control flow of metal coolants and lubricants onto workpieces.O*NET Task ID 10101 | 0.0 |
Install equipment such as guides, guards, gears, cooling equipment, and rolls, using hand tools.O*NET Task ID 10103 | 0.0 |
Signal and assist other workers to remove and position equipment, fill hoppers, and feed materials into machines.O*NET Task ID 10104 | 0.0 |
Select rolls, dies, roll stands, and chucks from data charts to form specified contours and to fabricate products.O*NET Task ID 10106 | 0.0 |
Activate shears and grinders to trim workpieces.O*NET Task ID 10107 | 0.0 |
Remove scratches and polish roll surfaces, using polishing stones and electric buffers.O*NET Task ID 10108 | 0.0 |
Disassemble sizing mills removed from rolling lines, and sort and store parts.O*NET Task ID 10109 | 0.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
O*NET 31.0 全部任务（19 项）
本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。
| 任务（O*NET 31.0） | 类型 |
|---|---|
| Adjust and correct machine set-ups to reduce thicknesses, reshape products, and eliminate product defects. | 核心 |
| Monitor machine cycles and mill operation to detect jamming and to ensure that products conform to specifications. | 核心 |
| Examine, inspect, and measure raw materials and finished products to verify conformance to specifications. | 核心 |
| Read rolling orders, blueprints, and mill schedules to determine setup specifications, work sequences, product dimensions, and installation procedures. | 核心 |
| Manipulate controls and observe dial indicators to monitor, adjust, and regulate speeds of machine mechanisms. | 核心 |
| Start operation of rolling and milling machines to flatten, temper, form, and reduce sheet metal sections and to produce steel strips. | 核心 |
| Set distance points between rolls, guides, meters, and stops, according to specifications. | 核心 |
| Position, align, and secure arbors, spindles, coils, mandrels, dies, and slitting knives. | 核心 |
| Direct and train other workers to change rolls, operate mill equipment, remove coils and cobbles, and band and load material. | 核心 |
| Fill oil cups, adjust valves, and observe gauges to control flow of metal coolants and lubricants onto workpieces. | 核心 |
| Record mill production on schedule sheets. | 核心 |
| Install equipment such as guides, guards, gears, cooling equipment, and rolls, using hand tools. | 核心 |
| Signal and assist other workers to remove and position equipment, fill hoppers, and feed materials into machines. | 核心 |
| Calculate draft space and roll speed for each mill stand to plan rolling sequences and specified dimensions and tempers. | 核心 |
| Activate shears and grinders to trim workpieces. | 核心 |
| Thread or feed sheets or rods through rolling mechanisms, or start and control mechanisms that automatically feed steel into rollers. | 补充 |
| Select rolls, dies, roll stands, and chucks from data charts to form specified contours and to fabricate products. | 补充 |
| Remove scratches and polish roll surfaces, using polishing stones and electric buffers. | 补充 |
| Disassemble sizing mills removed from rolling lines, and sort and store parts. | 补充 |
0.96/ 3· 机器人暴露指数
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
对每项体力任务，按已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人能够完成它的环境评定 0–3 级（0 不可 · 1 围栏式机器单元、灌装线等机器人专用设施 · 2 医院药房、集装箱港口等受管理的设施 · 3 私人住宅、建筑工地等非结构化环境），再按工作时间占比求平均
以该职业 O*NET 29.3 任务中的体力任务为准
等级与时间占比由 Anthropic 使用 Claude Opus 5（网络搜索）估算（截至 2026 年）。
机器人暴露指数与本站的 AI 暴露度是不同的指标，不能相加或相互比较。该指数不代表实际采用情况或成本竞争力，0 也包括没有体力任务的职业。
每项体力任务的等级
机器人环境等级（E0–E3）
E0 机器人不可详情
评定为已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人即使在机器人专用设施中也无法完成
E1 机器人专用设施详情
评定为可在围绕机器搭建的设施中完成，例如围栏式机器单元或灌装线
E2 受管理的设施详情
评定为可在由机构按工作标准维护的人类工作设施中完成，例如医院药房或集装箱港口
E3 非结构化环境详情
评定为可在没有机构按工作标准维护的环境中完成，例如私人住宅或建筑工地
仅列出被归类为体力任务的任务；其他任务在来源中没有等级。
| 任务（O*NET 29.3） | 机器人环境等级 |
|---|---|
| Adjust and correct machine set-ups to reduce thicknesses, reshape products, and eliminate product defects. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Monitor machine cycles and mill operation to detect jamming and to ensure that products conform to specifications. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Examine, inspect, and measure raw materials and finished products to verify conformance to specifications. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Manipulate controls and observe dial indicators to monitor, adjust, and regulate speeds of machine mechanisms. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Start operation of rolling and milling machines to flatten, temper, form, and reduce sheet metal sections and to produce steel strips. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Set distance points between rolls, guides, meters, and stops, according to specifications. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Position, align, and secure arbors, spindles, coils, mandrels, dies, and slitting knives. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Fill oil cups, adjust valves, and observe gauges to control flow of metal coolants and lubricants onto workpieces. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Install equipment such as guides, guards, gears, cooling equipment, and rolls, using hand tools. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Signal and assist other workers to remove and position equipment, fill hoppers, and feed materials into machines. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Activate shears and grinders to trim workpieces. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Thread or feed sheets or rods through rolling mechanisms, or start and control mechanisms that automatically feed steel into rollers. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Remove scratches and polish roll surfaces, using polishing stones and electric buffers. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Disassemble sizing mills removed from rolling lines, and sort and store parts. | E0 机器人不可 |
职业信息
就业展望（BLS）
- 就业人数，2025
- 25K
- 预计就业人数，2035
- 23K
- 变化 (2025–35)
- -8.3%
- 年薪中位数，2025
- $50,140
- 入职通常所需学历
- High school diploma or equivalent
韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）
来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。
| KSCO 代码 | KSCO 名称 | 关系 | 状态 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 84151 | 압연기 조작원 | 本职业范围更宽 | 已确认 |
| 84149 | 그 외 금속가공 관련 제어 장치 조작원 | 有重叠，但不相同 | 已确认 |
关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)
国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明
以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。
- ISCO-08 7223Metal Working Machine Tool Setters and Operators
金属加工机床调整工和操作工
- ISCO-08 8121Metal Processing Plant Operators
金属加工厂操作工
- ISCO-08 8142Plastic Products Machine Operators
塑料制品机器操作工
自行翻译
自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO 职业词汇
以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。
- metal rolling mill operatorESCO 8121.5本职业范围更宽
Metal rolling mill operators set up and tend metal rolling mills designed to form metal workpieces into their desired shape by passing them through one or several pairs of rolls in order to decrease the metal's thickness and to make it homogeneous. They also take into account the proper temperature for this rolling process.
- plastic rolling machine operatorESCO 8142.11本职业范围更宽
Plastic rolling machine operators operate and monitor machines to produce plastic rolls, or to flatten and reduce the material. They examine raw materials and finished products to make sure they are according to specifications.
- mechanical forging press workerESCO 7221.4有重叠，但不相同
Mechanical forging press workers set up and tend mechanical forging presses, designed to shape ferrous and non-ferrous metal workpieces including pipes, tubes and hollow profiles and other products of the first processing of steel in their desired form by use of preset, compressive forces provided by cranks, cams and toggles at reproducible strokes.
- metal drawing machine operatorESCO 8121.4有重叠，但不相同
Metal drawing machine operators set up and operate drawing machines for ferrous and non-ferrous metal products, designed to provide wires, bars, pipes, hollow profiles and tubes with their specific form by reducing its cross-section and by pulling the working materials through a series of drawing dies.
- straightening machine operatorESCO 7223.22有重叠，但不相同
Straightening machine operators set up and tend straightening machines designed to form metal workpieces into their desired shape using pressing practices. They adjust the angle and the height of the straightening rolls and select the settings for the pressing force required to straighten the workpiece, taking into account the end product's yield strenght and size, without excess work hardening.
- swaging machine operatorESCO 7223.23有重叠，但不相同
Swaging machine operators set up and tend rotary swaging machines, designed to alter round ferrous and non-ferrous metal workpieces into their desired shape by first hammering them into a smaller diameter through the compressive force of two or more dies and then tagging them using a rotary swager, a process through which no excess material is lost.
- thread rolling machine operatorESCO 7223.24有重叠，但不相同
Thread rolling machine operators set up and tend thread rolling machines designed to form metal workpieces into external and internal screw threads by pressing a thread rolling die against metal blank rods, creating a larger diameter than those of the original blank workpieces.
- upsetting machine operatorESCO 7223.25有重叠，但不相同
Upsetting machine operators set up and tend upsetting machines, primarily crank presses, designed to form through forging processes metal workpieces, usually wires, rods, or bars, into their desired shape by having split dies with mulitiple cavities compress the workpieces' length and hereby increasing their diameter.
来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
法国职业分类关联（ROME）
本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。
| ROME 代码 | ROME 名称（法语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| H2904 | Forgeron industriel / Forgeronne industrielle | 本职业范围更窄暂定 |
| H2924 | Conducteur / Conductrice de ligne de production en industrie métallurgique | 相关，但不对应 |
| H2905 | Cisailleur / Cisailleuse en métallurgie | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
| H3204 | Opérateur / Opératrice de production des matières plastiques et du caoutchouc | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）
本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| CNO-11 代码 | CNO-11 名称（西班牙语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 8121 | Operadores en instalaciones para la obtención y transformación de metales | 本职业范围更窄暂定 |
| 3135 | Técnicos en control de procesos de producción de metales | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
| 8142 | Operadores de máquinas para fabricar productos de material plástico | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
德国职业分类关联（KldB）
本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| KldB 代码 | KldB 名称（德语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 24122 | Berufe in der Metallumformung - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | 本职业范围更窄 |
| 22102 | Berufe in der Kunststoff- und Kautschukherstellung (ohne Spezialisierung) - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | 相关，但不对应 |
| 24123 | Berufe in der Metallumformung - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
日本职业分类关联（JSCO）
本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| JSCO 代码 | JSCO 名称（日语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 529 | その他の製品製造・加工処理従事者（金属製品） | 本职业范围更窄 |
| 499 | その他の生産設備制御・監視従事者（金属製品） | 相关，但不对应 |
| 538 | ゴム・プラスチック製品製造従事者 | 相关，但不对应 |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源