Plating Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic

Production Occupations
O*NET-SOC 代码
51-4193.00

Set up, operate, or tend plating machines to coat metal or plastic products with chromium, zinc, copper, cadmium, nickel, or other metal to protect or decorate surfaces. Typically, the product being coated is immersed in molten metal or an electrolytic solution.

  • 数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08

    低· 相对

    低四级相对区间很高

    职业群单位数值

    尺度 · 母数 · 来源

    四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）

    以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档

    来源数据集（XLSX 文件下载）

  • 数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03

    0.000

    0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745
    尺度 · 母数 · 来源

    观测暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1

    以O*NET任务映射为基准

    按 SOC 2018 职业发布的数值；具有相同 SOC 2018 代码的所有 O*NET 职业均显示此值

    来源数据集（CSV 文件下载）

  • 数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025

    0.17–0.20· ISCO-08 职业组 2 个

    尺度 · 母数 · 来源

    生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1

    按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应

    来源数据集（PDF 文件下载）

该来源发布的是什么性质的数值

BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。

各关联 ISCO-08 职业组的 ILO 数值
  • ISCO-08 8122Metal Finishing, Plating and Coating Machine Operators0.20
  • ISCO-08 8142Plastic Products Machine Operators0.17

Task-level exposure

显示隐藏的 34 项工作

已评分任务 38 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 4 项（10.5%）

β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。

  • 原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
  • 已评分任务中有 5 项不在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中，其分数按 O*NET 27.2 的发布值保留。
来源
OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
版本
gh-main-0471612
许可
MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI

Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.

Task (O*NET 27.2)βE1 + 0.5 × E2
Maintain production records.

O*NET Task ID 10316

1.0
Read production schedules to determine setups of equipment and machines.

O*NET Task ID 10335

1.0
Inspect coated or plated areas for defects, such as air bubbles or uneven coverage.

O*NET Task ID 10309

0.5
Examine completed objects to determine thicknesses of metal deposits, or measure thicknesses by using instruments such as micrometers.

O*NET Task ID 10328

0.5

β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.

Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page

O*NET 31.0 全部任务（33 项）

本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。

任务（O*NET 31.0）类型
Inspect coated or plated areas for defects, such as air bubbles or uneven coverage.核心
Immerse workpieces in coating solutions or liquid metal or plastic for specified times.核心
Set up, operate, or tend plating or coating machines to coat metal or plastic products with chromium, zinc, copper, cadmium, nickel, or other metal to protect or decorate surfaces.核心
Maintain production records.核心
Remove objects from solutions at periodic intervals and observe objects to verify conformance to specifications.核心
Observe gauges to ensure that machines are operating properly, making adjustments or stopping machines when problems occur.核心
Adjust dials to regulate flow of current and voltage supplied to terminals to control plating processes.核心
Rinse coated objects in cleansing liquids and dry them with cloths, centrifugal driers, or by tumbling in sawdust-filled barrels.核心
Examine completed objects to determine thicknesses of metal deposits, or measure thicknesses by using instruments such as micrometers.核心
Remove excess materials or impurities from objects, using air hoses or grinding machines.核心
Immerse objects to be coated or plated into cleaning solutions, or spray objects with conductive solutions to prepare them for plating.补充
Position and feed materials into processing machines, by hand or by using automated equipment.补充
Test machinery to ensure that it is operating properly.补充
Operate hoists to place workpieces onto machine feed carriages or spindles.补充
Adjust controls to set temperatures of coating substances and speeds of machines and equipment.补充
Position containers to receive parts, and load or unload materials in containers, using dollies or handtrucks.补充
Perform equipment maintenance, such as cleaning tanks and lubricating moving parts of conveyors.补充
Clean and maintain equipment, using water hoses and scrapers.补充
Determine sizes and compositions of objects to be plated, and amounts of electrical current and time required.补充
Suspend sticks or pieces of plating metal from anodes, or positive terminals, and immerse metal in plating solutions.补充
Monitor and measure thicknesses of electroplating on component parts to verify conformance to specifications, using micrometers.补充
Measure or weigh materials, using rulers, calculators, and scales.补充
Suspend objects, such as parts or molds from cathode rods, or negative terminals, and immerse objects in plating solutions.补充
Measure, mark, and mask areas to be excluded from plating.补充
Mix and test solutions, and turn valves to fill tanks with solutions.补充
Place plated or coated materials on racks and transfer them to ovens to dry for specified periods of time.补充
Read production schedules to determine setups of equipment and machines.补充
Position objects to be plated in frames, or suspend them from positive or negative terminals of power supplies.补充
Measure and set stops, rolls, brushes, and guides on automatic feeders and conveying equipment or coating machines, using micrometers, rules, and hand tools.补充
Preheat workpieces in ovens.补充
Replace worn parts and adjust equipment components, using hand tools.补充
Clean workpieces, using wire brushes.补充
Operate sandblasting equipment to roughen and clean surfaces of workpieces.补充

职业信息

就业展望（BLS）

就业人数，2025
33K
预计就业人数，2035
30K
变化 (2025–35)
-9.7%
年薪中位数，2025
$43,960
入职通常所需学历
High school diploma or equivalent
最低 $30,890BLS EP 2025–35 中 825 个细分职业的工资中位数范围最高 $559,030

来源: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections 2025–35 — Employment by detailed occupation, 2025 and projected 2035

韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）

来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。

KSCO 代码KSCO 名称关系状态
84222전기 도금기 조작원本职业范围更宽已确认
84223용융 도금기 조작원本职业范围更宽已确认
84229그 외 도금 및 금속 분무기 조작원有重叠，但不相同已确认
84224금속 분무기 조작원相关，但不对应已确认

关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)

国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明

以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。

  • ISCO-08 8122Metal Finishing, Plating and Coating Machine Operators

    金属表面处理、电镀和涂层机器操作工

  • ISCO-08 8142Plastic Products Machine Operators

    塑料制品机器操作工

自行翻译

自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。

Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits

ESCO 职业词汇

以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。

  • anodising machine operatorESCO 8122.2本职业范围更宽

    Anodising machine operators set up and tend anodising machines designed to provide otherwise finished metal workpieces, usually aluminum-based, with a durable, anodic oxide, corrosion-resistant finishing coat, by a electrolyctic passiviation process that increases the thickness of the natural oxide layer of the metal workpieces' surface.

  • coating machine operatorESCO 8122.3本职业范围更宽

    Coating machine operators set up and tend coating machines that coat metal products with a thin layer of covering of materials such as lacquer, enamel, copper, nickel, zinc, cadmium, chromium or other metal layering in order to protect or decorate the metal products' surfaces. They run all coating machine stations on multiple coaters.

  • dip tank operatorESCO 8122.6本职业范围更宽

    Dip tank operators set up and tend dip tanks, which are coating machines, designed to provide otherwise finished work pieces with durable coating by dipping them in a tank of a specific sort of paint, preservative or molten zinc.

  • electroplating machine operatorESCO 8122.7本职业范围更宽

    Electroplating machine operators set up and tend electroplating machines designed to finish and coat the metal workpieces' (such as future pennies and jewelry) surface by using electric current to dissolve metal cations and to bond a thin layer of another metal, such as zinc, copper or silver, to produce a coherent metal coating to the workpiece's surface.

  • enamellerESCO 8122.8本职业范围更宽

    Enamellers embellish metals such as gold, silver, copper, steel, cast iron or platinum by painting it. The enamel they apply, consists of coloured powdered glass.

  • lacquer spray gun operatorESCO 7132.1有重叠，但不相同

    Lacquer spray gun operators operate lacquer spray guns designed to provide otherwise finished metal, wooden or plastic workpieces with a hard, durable finishing coat, through lacquer coating or paint that is either matte, sheen or highly glossy, but is always meant for hard surfaces.

  • metal polisherESCO 7224.1有重叠，但不相同

    Metal polishers use metal working equipment and machinery to polish and buff almost finished metal workpieces in order to enhance their smoothness and appearance and to remove oxidisation, tarnishing the metal after the other fabrication processes. They may operate equipment using diamond solutions, silicon-made polishing pads, or working wheels with a leather polishing strop, and tend to these materials ensuring their effectiveness.

  • rustprooferESCO 8122.10有重叠，但不相同

    Rustproofers use the proper equipment and machinery to provide metal workpieces with a hard, durable finishing coat, composed of specific chemical formulas, that prevents or delays iron and steel pieces from rusting and protects against corrosion.

  • surface treatment operatorESCO 7132.2有重叠，但不相同

    Surface treatment operators apply chemicals and paint to the material surface in order to protect against corrosion. They calculate the materials needed for surface protection.

来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)

许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)

查看原文

ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.

法国职业分类关联（ROME）

本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。

ROME 代码ROME 名称（法语）关系
H3410Galvanoplaste industriel / Galvanoplaste industrielle范围相同暂定
H3407Metteur au bain / Metteuse au bain argenture - dorure en orfèvrerie本职业范围更宽暂定
H3402Opérateur / Opératrice de traitement de surface相关，但不对应暂定

Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.

ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)

西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）

本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

CNO-11 代码CNO-11 名称（西班牙语）关系
8122Operadores de máquinas pulidoras, galvanizadoras y recubridoras de metales本职业范围更窄

Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)

德国职业分类关联（KldB）

本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

KldB 代码KldB 名称（德语）关系
24302Berufe in der Metalloberflächenbehandlung (ohne Spezialisierung) - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten本职业范围更窄
24301Berufe in der Metalloberflächenbehandlung (ohne Spezialisierung) - Helfer-/Anlerntätigkeiten相关，但不对应
24303Berufe in der Metalloberflächenbehandlung (ohne Spezialisierung) - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten相关，但不对应暂定

Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)

日本职业分类关联（JSCO）

本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

JSCO 代码JSCO 名称（日语）关系
497金属彫刻・表面処理設備制御・監視員有重叠，但不相同
527金属彫刻・表面処理従事者有重叠，但不相同
538ゴム・プラスチック製品製造従事者相关，但不对应

Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)

本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源