Print Binding and Finishing Workers

Production Occupations
O*NET-SOC 代码
51-5113.00

Bind books and other publications or finish printed products by hand or machine. May set up binding and finishing machines.

  • 数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08

    低· 相对

    低四级相对区间很高

    职业群单位数值

    尺度 · 母数 · 来源

    四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）

    以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档

    来源数据集（XLSX 文件下载）

  • 数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03

    0.000

    0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745
    尺度 · 母数 · 来源

    观测暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1

    以O*NET任务映射为基准

    按 SOC 2018 职业发布的数值；具有相同 SOC 2018 代码的所有 O*NET 职业均显示此值

    来源数据集（CSV 文件下载）

  • 数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025

    0.22

    0.09此处所载数值的范围0.70

    职业群单位数值

    尺度 · 母数 · 来源

    生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1

    按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应

    来源数据集（PDF 文件下载）

该来源发布的是什么性质的数值

BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。

Task-level exposure

已评分任务 26 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 3 项（11.5%）

β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。

  • 原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
  • 已评分任务中有 1 项不在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中，其分数按 O*NET 27.2 的发布值保留。
来源
OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
版本
gh-main-0471612
许可
MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
Task (O*NET 30.2)Claude.aiRaw / share %
Maintain records, such as daily production records, using specified forms.

51-5113.00

0.00000.0
Not observed on any surface — 24 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states.
Monitor machine operations to detect malfunctions or to determine whether adjustments are needed.
—0
Read work orders to determine instructions and specifications for machine set-up.
—0
Set up or operate bindery machines, such as coil binders, thermal or tape binders, plastic comb binders, or specialty binders.
—0
Set up or operate glue machines by filling glue reservoirs, turning switches to activate heating elements, or adjusting glue flow or conveyor speed.
—0
Set up or operate machines that perform binding operations, such as pressing, folding, or trimming.
—0
Stitch or glue endpapers, bindings, backings, or signatures, using sewing machines, glue machines, or glue and brushes.
—0
Trim edges of books to size, using cutting machines, book trimming machines, or hand cutters.
—0
Examine stitched, collated, bound, or unbound product samples for defects, such as imperfect bindings, ink spots, torn pages, loose pages, or loose or uncut threads.
—0
Install or adjust bindery machine devices, such as knives, guides, rollers, rounding forms, creasing rams, or clamps, to accommodate sheets, signatures, or books of specified sizes.
—0
Lubricate, clean, or make minor repairs to machine parts to keep machines in working condition.
—0
Prepare finished books for shipping by wrapping or packing books and stacking boxes on pallets.
—0
Train workers to set up, operate, and use automatic bindery machines.
—0
Bind new books, using hand tools such as bone folders, knives, hammers, or brass binding tools.
—0
Compress sewed or glued signatures, using hand presses or smashing machines.
—0
Cut binder boards to specified dimensions, using board shears, hand cutters, or cutting machines.
—0
Cut cover material to specified dimensions, fitting and gluing material to binder boards by hand or machine.
—0
Design original or special bindings for limited editions or other custom binding projects.
—0
Form book bodies by folding and sewing printed sheets to form signatures and assembling signatures in numerical order.
—0
Imprint or emboss lettering, designs, or numbers on book covers, using gold, silver, or colored foil, and stamping machines.
—0
Insert book bodies in devices that form back edges of books into convex shapes and produce grooves that facilitate cover attachment.
—0
Meet with clients, printers, or designers to discuss job requirements or binding plans.
—0
Perform highly skilled hand finishing binding operations, such as grooving or lettering.
—0
Punch holes in and fasten paper sheets, signatures, or other material, using hand or machine punches and staplers.
—0
Repair, restore, or rebind old, rare, or damaged books, using hand tools.
—0

Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page

O*NET 31.0 全部任务（25 项）

本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。

任务（O*NET 31.0）类型
Maintain records, such as daily production records, using specified forms.核心
Monitor machine operations to detect malfunctions or to determine whether adjustments are needed.核心
Read work orders to determine instructions and specifications for machine set-up.核心
Set up or operate bindery machines, such as coil binders, thermal or tape binders, plastic comb binders, or specialty binders.核心
Set up or operate glue machines by filling glue reservoirs, turning switches to activate heating elements, or adjusting glue flow or conveyor speed.核心
Set up or operate machines that perform binding operations, such as pressing, folding, or trimming.核心
Stitch or glue endpapers, bindings, backings, or signatures, using sewing machines, glue machines, or glue and brushes.核心
Trim edges of books to size, using cutting machines, book trimming machines, or hand cutters.核心
Examine stitched, collated, bound, or unbound product samples for defects, such as imperfect bindings, ink spots, torn pages, loose pages, or loose or uncut threads.核心
Install or adjust bindery machine devices, such as knives, guides, rollers, rounding forms, creasing rams, or clamps, to accommodate sheets, signatures, or books of specified sizes.核心
Lubricate, clean, or make minor repairs to machine parts to keep machines in working condition.核心
Prepare finished books for shipping by wrapping or packing books and stacking boxes on pallets.核心
Train workers to set up, operate, and use automatic bindery machines.核心
Bind new books, using hand tools such as bone folders, knives, hammers, or brass binding tools.补充
Compress sewed or glued signatures, using hand presses or smashing machines.补充
Cut binder boards to specified dimensions, using board shears, hand cutters, or cutting machines.补充
Cut cover material to specified dimensions, fitting and gluing material to binder boards by hand or machine.补充
Design original or special bindings for limited editions or other custom binding projects.补充
Form book bodies by folding and sewing printed sheets to form signatures and assembling signatures in numerical order.补充
Imprint or emboss lettering, designs, or numbers on book covers, using gold, silver, or colored foil, and stamping machines.补充
Insert book bodies in devices that form back edges of books into convex shapes and produce grooves that facilitate cover attachment.补充
Meet with clients, printers, or designers to discuss job requirements or binding plans.补充
Perform highly skilled hand finishing binding operations, such as grooving or lettering.补充
Punch holes in and fasten paper sheets, signatures, or other material, using hand or machine punches and staplers.补充
Repair, restore, or rebind old, rare, or damaged books, using hand tools.补充

职业信息

就业展望（BLS）

就业人数，2025
32K
预计就业人数，2035
27K
变化 (2025–35)
-17.5%
年薪中位数，2025
$42,290
入职通常所需学历
High school diploma or equivalent
最低 $30,890BLS EP 2025–35 中 825 个细分职业的工资中位数范围最高 $559,030

来源: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections 2025–35 — Employment by detailed occupation, 2025 and projected 2035

韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）

来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。

KSCO 代码KSCO 名称关系状态
89210인쇄 관련 기계 조작원本职业范围更窄已确认

关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)

国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明

以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。

  • ISCO-08 7323Print Finishing and Binding Workers

    印后加工和装订工

自行翻译

自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。

Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits

ESCO 职业词汇

以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。

  • bindery operatorESCO 7323.1本职业范围更宽

    Bindery operators tend machines that bind printed or unprinted paper into volumes using staples, twine, glue or other binding technologies.

  • book-sewing machine operatorESCO 7323.2本职业范围更宽

    Book-sewing machine operators tend a machine that stitches paper together to form a volume. They check that signatures are inserted the right way and the machine does not jam.

  • paper stationery machine operatorESCO 8171.7有重叠，但不相同

    Paper stationery machine operators work with machines that perform one or more operations on paper to make it suitable for specific markets, such as punching holes, perforating, creasing, and collating with a carbon coated sheet.

来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)

许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)

查看原文

ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.

法国职业分类关联（ROME）

本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。

ROME 代码ROME 名称（法语）关系
B1402Relieur / Relieuse d'art本职业范围更宽
E1302Conducteur / Conductrice de machines de façonnage routage本职业范围更宽
E1311Régleur / Régleuse de machines de façonnage routage本职业范围更宽
E1315Conducteur / Conductrice de machines de reliure automatique本职业范围更宽
E1314Conducteur / Conductrice de machines à pelliculer本职业范围更宽暂定
E1304Agent / Agente de façonnage et routage有重叠，但不相同
E1309Responsable d'atelier de façonnage routage相关，但不对应暂定

Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.

ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)

西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）

本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

CNO-11 代码CNO-11 名称（西班牙语）关系
7623Trabajadores de procesos de encuadernación范围相同暂定

Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)

德国职业分类关联（KldB）

本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

KldB 代码KldB 名称（德语）关系
23422Berufe in der Buchbinderei und Druckweiterverarbeitung - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten范围相同
23411Berufe in der Drucktechnik - Helfer-/Anlerntätigkeiten相关，但不对应
23423Berufe in der Buchbinderei und Druckweiterverarbeitung - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten相关，但不对应暂定

Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)

日本职业分类关联（JSCO）

本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。

JSCO 代码JSCO 名称（日语）关系
537印刷・製本従事者本职业范围更窄
507印刷・製本設備制御・監視員相关，但不对应
536木・紙製品製造従事者相关，但不对应

Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.

(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)

本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源