Print Binding and Finishing Workers
Production Occupations- O*NET-SOC 代码
- 51-5113.00
Bind books and other publications or finish printed products by hand or machine. May set up binding and finishing machines.
- 数据来源: BLS发布时间: 2026-08
低· 相对
低四级相对区间很高职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
四级相对类别（低 / 中等 / 高 / 很高）
以BLS就业预测表中831个细分职业为基数。取值按 NEM（全国就业矩阵）代码给定，因此共用同一 NEM 代码的职业得到相同分档
- 数据来源: Anthropic发布时间: 2026-03
0.000
0.000此处所载数值的范围0.745尺度 · 母数 · 来源
- 数据来源: ILO发布时间: 2025
0.22
0.09此处所载数值的范围0.70职业群单位数值
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
生成式AI暴露度指数，按发布原值0–1
按 ISCO-08 细类（4 位）发布的数值。按原样应用美国劳工统计局（BLS）的官方对照表（ISCO-08→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→2018 SOC）关联到本职业，对应关系为全部或部分对应
该来源发布的是什么性质的数值
BLS的类别是相对排位而非绝对水平，也不是一手测量：它把多项已发表研究给出的职业百分位排名归并为四个等级。它不是就业或工资预测，不是采用概率，也不区分自动化与增强。
Task-level exposure
显示隐藏的 25 项工作已评分任务 26 项 · β ≥ 0.5 的任务 3 项（11.5%）
β = 直接暴露（E1）+ 0.5 × 借助工具时的暴露（E2），依据原始代码库的定义。
- 原始单位：O*NET 27.2 任务 → O*NET 31.0 职业代码
- 已评分任务中有 1 项不在 O*NET 31.0 任务列表中，其分数按 O*NET 27.2 的发布值保留。
- 来源
- OpenAI "GPTs are GPTs" exposure rubric
- 版本
- gh-main-0471612
- 许可
- MIT License, Copyright (c) 2024 OpenAI
| Task (O*NET 20.1) | Claude.aiRaw / share % |
|---|---|
Meet with clients, printers, or designers to discuss job requirements or binding plans.51-5113.00 | 0.0017100.0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task (O*NET 27.2) | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Maintain records, such as daily production records, using specified forms.O*NET Task ID 19448 | 1.0 |
Design original or special bindings for limited editions or other custom binding projects.O*NET Task ID 19444 | 0.5 |
Examine stitched, collated, bound, or unbound product samples for defects, such as imperfect bindings, ink spots, torn pages, loose pages, or loose or uncut threads.O*NET Task ID 19460 | 0.5 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
O*NET 31.0 全部任务（25 项）
本职业在 O*NET 31.0 中的全部任务（英文原文；任务类型为核心或补充）。暴露值不列在此清单中，而在上方表格里，位于各来源所用 O*NET 版本的任务表述旁。
| 任务（O*NET 31.0） | 类型 |
|---|---|
| Maintain records, such as daily production records, using specified forms. | 核心 |
| Monitor machine operations to detect malfunctions or to determine whether adjustments are needed. | 核心 |
| Read work orders to determine instructions and specifications for machine set-up. | 核心 |
| Set up or operate bindery machines, such as coil binders, thermal or tape binders, plastic comb binders, or specialty binders. | 核心 |
| Set up or operate glue machines by filling glue reservoirs, turning switches to activate heating elements, or adjusting glue flow or conveyor speed. | 核心 |
| Set up or operate machines that perform binding operations, such as pressing, folding, or trimming. | 核心 |
| Stitch or glue endpapers, bindings, backings, or signatures, using sewing machines, glue machines, or glue and brushes. | 核心 |
| Trim edges of books to size, using cutting machines, book trimming machines, or hand cutters. | 核心 |
| Examine stitched, collated, bound, or unbound product samples for defects, such as imperfect bindings, ink spots, torn pages, loose pages, or loose or uncut threads. | 核心 |
| Install or adjust bindery machine devices, such as knives, guides, rollers, rounding forms, creasing rams, or clamps, to accommodate sheets, signatures, or books of specified sizes. | 核心 |
| Lubricate, clean, or make minor repairs to machine parts to keep machines in working condition. | 核心 |
| Prepare finished books for shipping by wrapping or packing books and stacking boxes on pallets. | 核心 |
| Train workers to set up, operate, and use automatic bindery machines. | 核心 |
| Bind new books, using hand tools such as bone folders, knives, hammers, or brass binding tools. | 补充 |
| Compress sewed or glued signatures, using hand presses or smashing machines. | 补充 |
| Cut binder boards to specified dimensions, using board shears, hand cutters, or cutting machines. | 补充 |
| Cut cover material to specified dimensions, fitting and gluing material to binder boards by hand or machine. | 补充 |
| Design original or special bindings for limited editions or other custom binding projects. | 补充 |
| Form book bodies by folding and sewing printed sheets to form signatures and assembling signatures in numerical order. | 补充 |
| Imprint or emboss lettering, designs, or numbers on book covers, using gold, silver, or colored foil, and stamping machines. | 补充 |
| Insert book bodies in devices that form back edges of books into convex shapes and produce grooves that facilitate cover attachment. | 补充 |
| Meet with clients, printers, or designers to discuss job requirements or binding plans. | 补充 |
| Perform highly skilled hand finishing binding operations, such as grooving or lettering. | 补充 |
| Punch holes in and fasten paper sheets, signatures, or other material, using hand or machine punches and staplers. | 补充 |
| Repair, restore, or rebind old, rare, or damaged books, using hand tools. | 补充 |
1.05/ 3· 机器人暴露指数
尺度 · 母数 · 来源
对每项体力任务，按已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人能够完成它的环境评定 0–3 级（0 不可 · 1 围栏式机器单元、灌装线等机器人专用设施 · 2 医院药房、集装箱港口等受管理的设施 · 3 私人住宅、建筑工地等非结构化环境），再按工作时间占比求平均
以该职业 O*NET 29.3 任务中的体力任务为准
等级与时间占比由 Anthropic 使用 Claude Opus 5（网络搜索）估算（截至 2026 年）。
机器人暴露指数与本站的 AI 暴露度是不同的指标，不能相加或相互比较。该指数不代表实际采用情况或成本竞争力，0 也包括没有体力任务的职业。
每项体力任务的等级
机器人环境等级（E0–E3）
E0 机器人不可详情
评定为已实际部署、销售或演示的机器人即使在机器人专用设施中也无法完成
E1 机器人专用设施详情
评定为可在围绕机器搭建的设施中完成，例如围栏式机器单元或灌装线
E2 受管理的设施详情
评定为可在由机构按工作标准维护的人类工作设施中完成，例如医院药房或集装箱港口
E3 非结构化环境详情
评定为可在没有机构按工作标准维护的环境中完成，例如私人住宅或建筑工地
仅列出被归类为体力任务的任务；其他任务在来源中没有等级。
| 任务（O*NET 29.3） | 机器人环境等级 |
|---|---|
| Monitor machine operations to detect malfunctions or to determine whether adjustments are needed. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Set up or operate bindery machines, such as coil binders, thermal or tape binders, plastic comb binders, or specialty binders. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Set up or operate glue machines by filling glue reservoirs, turning switches to activate heating elements, or adjusting glue flow or conveyor speed. | E2 受管理的设施 |
| Set up or operate machines that perform binding operations, such as pressing, folding, or trimming. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Stitch or glue endpapers, bindings, backings, or signatures, using sewing machines, glue machines, or glue and brushes. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Trim edges of books to size, using cutting machines, book trimming machines, or hand cutters. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Examine stitched, collated, bound, or unbound product samples for defects, such as imperfect bindings, ink spots, torn pages, loose pages, or loose or uncut threads. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Install or adjust bindery machine devices, such as knives, guides, rollers, rounding forms, creasing rams, or clamps, to accommodate sheets, signatures, or books of specified sizes. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Lubricate, clean, or make minor repairs to machine parts to keep machines in working condition. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Prepare finished books for shipping by wrapping or packing books and stacking boxes on pallets. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Bind new books, using hand tools such as bone folders, knives, hammers, or brass binding tools. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Compress sewed or glued signatures, using hand presses or smashing machines. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Cut binder boards to specified dimensions, using board shears, hand cutters, or cutting machines. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Cut cover material to specified dimensions, fitting and gluing material to binder boards by hand or machine. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Form book bodies by folding and sewing printed sheets to form signatures and assembling signatures in numerical order. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Imprint or emboss lettering, designs, or numbers on book covers, using gold, silver, or colored foil, and stamping machines. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Insert book bodies in devices that form back edges of books into convex shapes and produce grooves that facilitate cover attachment. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Perform highly skilled hand finishing binding operations, such as grooving or lettering. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Punch holes in and fasten paper sheets, signatures, or other material, using hand or machine punches and staplers. | E1 机器人专用设施 |
| Repair, restore, or rebind old, rare, or damaged books, using hand tools. | E0 机器人不可 |
职业信息
就业展望（BLS）
- 就业人数，2025
- 32K
- 预计就业人数，2035
- 27K
- 变化 (2025–35)
- -17.5%
- 年薪中位数，2025
- $42,290
- 入职通常所需学历
- High school diploma or equivalent
韩国职业分类关联（KSCO）
来自 AI Changing Work 制作的 Korea Occupation Direct Crosswalk v1.1 当前版本的关联。关系值从 O*NET-SOC 职业一侧解读。
| KSCO 代码 | KSCO 名称 | 关系 | 状态 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 89210 | 인쇄 관련 기계 조작원 | 本职业范围更窄 | 已确认 |
关系与状态的定义(kr-direct v1.1)
国际劳工组织（ILO）职业说明
以下 ISCO-08 职业组由 AI Changing Work 原样套用美国劳工统计局（BLS）发布的对照表（2018 SOC→2010 SOC、2010 SOC→ISCO-08）、不逐案取舍，与本职业相关联；每项关联可能是完全对应，也可能是部分对应。
- ISCO-08 7323Print Finishing and Binding Workers
印后加工和装订工
自行翻译
自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。
Sources: ILO ISCO-08 — details: Credits
ESCO 职业词汇
以下每一项都是在已公开的ESCO-O*NET Crosswalk（第 1 版，2022 年）中与本职业逐项对应的。对应类型出自该对照表；表述出自 AI Changing Work。
- bindery operatorESCO 7323.1本职业范围更宽
Bindery operators tend machines that bind printed or unprinted paper into volumes using staples, twine, glue or other binding technologies.
- book-sewing machine operatorESCO 7323.2本职业范围更宽
Book-sewing machine operators tend a machine that stitches paper together to form a volume. They check that signatures are inserted the right way and the machine does not jam.
- paper stationery machine operatorESCO 8171.7有重叠，但不相同
Paper stationery machine operators work with machines that perform one or more operations on paper to make it suitable for specific markets, such as punching holes, perforating, creasing, and collating with a carbon coated sheet.
来源: European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
许可: CC BY 4.0 (EU Reuse Notice)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
法国职业分类关联（ROME）
本职业与 ROME 4.0 职业条目（fiche）之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。标为「暂定」的关联仅凭同一模型系列（Claude）两位判定者的判定采纳，或对其判定适用运营方规则后采纳，因此其依据弱于已确认的关联。
| ROME 代码 | ROME 名称（法语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| B1402 | Relieur / Relieuse d'art | 本职业范围更宽 |
| E1302 | Conducteur / Conductrice de machines de façonnage routage | 本职业范围更宽 |
| E1311 | Régleur / Régleuse de machines de façonnage routage | 本职业范围更宽 |
| E1315 | Conducteur / Conductrice de machines de reliure automatique | 本职业范围更宽 |
| E1314 | Conducteur / Conductrice de machines à pelliculer | 本职业范围更宽暂定 |
| E1304 | Agent / Agente de façonnage et routage | 有重叠，但不相同 |
| E1309 | Responsable d'atelier de façonnage routage | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: France Travail — Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME 4.0), version 61, last updated 15 June 2026 (https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/repertoire-operationnel-des-metiers-et-des-emplois-rome). Licence Ouverte 2.0.
ROME codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET-SOC occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a France Travail correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: fr-direct v1)
西班牙职业分类关联（CNO-11）
本职业与 CNO-11 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| CNO-11 代码 | CNO-11 名称（西班牙语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 7623 | Trabajadores de procesos de encuadernación | 范围相同暂定 |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), National Classification of Occupations 2011 (CNO-11, Royal Decree 1591/2010) — www.ine.es · Licensed CC BY 4.0. CNO-11 codes and Spanish titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not an INE correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: es-direct v1)
德国职业分类关联（KldB）
本职业与 KldB 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| KldB 代码 | KldB 名称（德语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 23422 | Berufe in der Buchbinderei und Druckweiterverarbeitung - fachlich ausgerichtete Tätigkeiten | 范围相同 |
| 23411 | Berufe in der Drucktechnik - Helfer-/Anlerntätigkeiten | 相关，但不对应 |
| 23423 | Berufe in der Buchbinderei und Druckweiterverarbeitung - komplexe Spezialistentätigkeiten | 相关，但不对应暂定 |
Source: © Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit — Klassifikation der Berufe 2010 – überarbeitete Fassung 2020, https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. KldB codes and titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own mapping (eigene Zuordnung) and are not a Bundesagentur für Arbeit correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: de-direct v1)
日本职业分类关联（JSCO）
本职业与 JSCO 职业之间的关联，由 AI Changing Work 借助 AI 模型判定。关系从本职业一侧解读。
| JSCO 代码 | JSCO 名称（日语） | 关系 |
|---|---|---|
| 537 | 印刷・製本従事者 | 本职业范围更窄 |
| 507 | 印刷・製本設備制御・監視員 | 相关，但不对应 |
| 536 | 木・紙製品製造従事者 | 相关，但不对应 |
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan Standard Occupational Classification (Dec. 2009, MIC Notification No. 555). JSCO codes and Japanese titles are reproduced unchanged; the links to O*NET occupations are AI Changing Work's own judgment and are not a MIC correspondence.
(AI Changing Work link release: jp-direct v1)
本页数据的来源与许可，以及 AI Changing Work 的修改与翻译说明：致谢与来源