Read written materials, such as legal documents, scientific works, or news reports, and rewrite material into specified languages.Details
27-3091
0.425459.1
0.156184.9
Proofread, edit, and revise translated materials.Details
27-3091
0.227031.5
0.022812.4
Translate messages simultaneously or consecutively into specified languages, orally or by using hand signs, maintaining message content, context, and style as much as possible.Details
27-3091
0.02713.8
—0
Compile terminology and information to be used in translations, including technical terms such as those for legal or medical material.Details
27-3091
0.00941.3
—0
Adapt translations to students' cognitive and grade levels, collaborating with educational team members as necessary.Details
27-3091
0.00781.1
0.00341.8
Discuss translation requirements with clients and determine any fees to be charged for services provided.Details
27-3091
0.00590.8
—0
Check translations of technical terms and terminology to ensure that they are accurate and remain consistent throughout translation revisions.Details
27-3091
0.00440.6
0.00160.9
Check original texts or confer with authors to ensure that translations retain the content, meaning, and feeling of the original material.Details
27-3091
0.00440.6
—0
Identify and resolve conflicts related to the meanings of words, concepts, practices, or behaviors.Details
27-3091
0.00250.3
—0
Refer to reference materials, such as dictionaries, lexicons, encyclopedias, and computerized terminology banks, as needed to ensure translation accuracy.Details
27-3091
0.00230.3
—0
Compile information on content and context of information to be translated and on intended audience.Details
27-3091
0.00210.3
—0
Adapt software and accompanying technical documents to another language and culture.Details
27-3091
0.00210.3
—0
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
Task
βE1 + 0.5 × E2
Identify and resolve conflicts related to the meanings of words, concepts, practices, or behaviors.Details
O*NET Task ID 9327
1.0
Translate messages simultaneously or consecutively into specified languages, orally or by using hand signs, maintaining message content, context, and style as much as possible.Details
O*NET Task ID 9328
1.0
Proofread, edit, and revise translated materials.Details
O*NET Task ID 9329
1.0
Check translations of technical terms and terminology to ensure that they are accurate and remain consistent throughout translation revisions.Details
O*NET Task ID 9330
1.0
Read written materials, such as legal documents, scientific works, or news reports, and rewrite material into specified languages.Details
O*NET Task ID 9331
1.0
Refer to reference materials, such as dictionaries, lexicons, encyclopedias, and computerized terminology banks, as needed to ensure translation accuracy.Details
O*NET Task ID 9332
1.0
Compile terminology and information to be used in translations, including technical terms such as those for legal or medical material.Details
O*NET Task ID 9333
1.0
Adapt translations to students' cognitive and grade levels, collaborating with educational team members as necessary.Details
O*NET Task ID 9334
1.0
Listen to speakers' statements to determine meanings and to prepare translations, using electronic listening systems as necessary.Details
O*NET Task ID 9335
1.0
Check original texts or confer with authors to ensure that translations retain the content, meaning, and feeling of the original material.Details
O*NET Task ID 9336
1.0
Compile information on content and context of information to be translated and on intended audience.Details
O*NET Task ID 9337
1.0
Discuss translation requirements with clients and determine any fees to be charged for services provided.Details
O*NET Task ID 9338
1.0
Adapt software and accompanying technical documents to another language and culture.Details
O*NET Task ID 9339
1.0
Educate students, parents, staff, and teachers about the roles and functions of educational interpreters.Details
O*NET Task ID 9340
1.0
Train and supervise other translators or interpreters.Details
O*NET Task ID 9341
1.0
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
Occupation information
ILO occupational description
Translators, Interpreters and Other Linguists
笔译、口译及其他语言学家
自行翻译
自行翻译 · 非 ISCO 官方词汇 — 未经国际劳工组织审核。
Translators, interpreters and other linguists translate or interpret from one language into another and study the origin, development and structure of languages.
Tasks
(a) studying relationships between ancient parent languages and modern language groups, tracing the origin and evolution of words, grammar and language forms, and presenting findings;
(b) advising on or preparing language classification systems, grammars, dictionaries and similar materials;
(c) translating from one language into another and ensuring that the correct meaning of the original is retained, that legal, technical or scientific works are correctly rendered, and that the phraseology and terminology of the spirit and style of literary works are conveyed as far as possible;
(d) developing methods for the use of computers and other instruments to improve productivity and quality of translation;
(e) interpreting from a spoken or a signed language into another spoken or signed language , in particular at conferences, meetings and similar occasions, and ensuring that the correct meaning and, as far as possible, the spirit of the original are transmitted;
Translators transcribe written documents from one or more languages to another ensuring that the message and nuances therein remain in the translated material. They translate material backed up by an understanding of it, which can include commercial and industrial documentation, personal documents, journalism, novels, creative writing, and scientific texts delivering the translations in any format.
interpreterESCO 2643.2
Interpreters understand and convert spoken communication from one language to another. They retain considerable amounts of information, often with the aid of note-taking, and communicate it immediately after whilst keeping the nuances and stress of the message in the recipient language.
lexicographerESCO 2643.3
Lexicographers write and compile the content for dictionaries. They also determine which new words are common use and should be included in the glossary.
lawyer linguistESCO 2643.4.1
Lawyer linguists interpret and translate legal pieces from one language to another. They provide legal analysis to the information before them and help in understanding technicalities of the content expressed in other languages.
graphologistESCO 2643.1
Graphologists analyse written or printed materials in order to draw conclusions and evidence about traits, personality, abilities and authorship of the writer. They interpret letter forms, the fashion of writing, and patterns in the writing.
sign language interpreterESCO 2643.5
Sign language interpreters understand and convert sign language into spoken language and vice versa. They maintain the nuances and the stress of the message in the recipient language.
linguistESCO 2643.4
Linguists study languages scientifically. They master languages and can interpret them in terms of their grammatical, semantic, and phonetic characteristics. They research the evolution of language and the way it is used by societies.
localiserESCO 2643.6.1
Localisers translate and adapt texts to the language and culture of a specific target audience. They convert standard translation into locally understandable texts with flairs of the culture, sayings, and other nuances that make the translation richer and more meaningful for a cultural target group than it was before.
subtitlerESCO 2643.6.2
Subtitlers can work intralingually, within the same language, or interlingually, across languages. Intralingual subtitlers create the subtitles for hearing-impaired viewers, whereas interlingual subtitlers create the subtitles for movies or television programmes in a different language to the one heard in the audiovisual production. They both ensure that the captions and subtitles are synchronised with the sound, images and dialogue of the audiovisual work.
Source:European Commission, DG EMPL — ESCO API 2026-08-08 (bridge v1.2.1)
ESCO reuse terms and the modification notice are in Credits.
Shown in the original Korean. This dataset is published under KOGL Type 4, which prohibits derivative works including translation, so the text is reproduced unaltered.
-텔레비전의 오락물, 교양물 프로그램, 라디오프로그램 등의 방송내용 기획과 방향을 방송프로듀서(방송연출가)와 협의한다.
-원고작성을 위하여 자료를 수집하고 정리한다.
-인터넷 게시판, 메일, 우편물 등을 확인하여 사연을 정리한다.
-수집한 자료를 기초로 프로그램의 성격에 맞춰 원고를 작성한다.
-방송 중에는 프로그램진행자의 순조로운 진행을 돕고, 원고를 수정한다.
-방송출연자를 섭외하기도 한다.
[드라마작가]
-작품을 통해서 전달하고자 하는 주제 및 소재를 설정한다.
-문헌조사나 인터뷰 등의 자료조사를 통해 주제 및 극의 초점을 구체적으로 다듬는다.
-극의 사건과 갈등을 표현할 등장인물을 창조하고 시간적·공간적 환경을 구체적으로 설정한다.
-인물, 사건, 환경을 구성하여 스토리(한 작품의 서술요소를 구성하는 일련의 사건들)를 창작한다.
-스토리를 플롯(plot, 극작품의 복잡화를 구성하는 극행동들의 집합, 음모, 계획, 책략) 형태로 구성한다.
-플롯으로 짜여진 스토리를 분해하여 시퀀스(seuqence, 같은 생각들이 연속적으로 모여진 몇 개의 장면들의 집합. 한편의 드라마는 몇 개의 시퀀스가 모여서 완성됨)로 나누고, 다시 씬(scene, 장면)으로 세분화하고 극의 전개 순서대로 배열한다.
-각 씬마다 그 특징과 내용을 간략히 표시하여 대본을 완성한다.
-시놉시스(드라마의 제목, 주제, 기획 및 집필의도, 등장인물, 줄거리를 요약한 드라마의 설계도)를 작성한다.
-대본 작업 전에 소재를 찾기 위해 헌팅(촬영장소 답사)에 참여하거나 헌팅사진을 받아 참고하기도 한다.
-배역캐스팅에 관여하기도 한다.
-미리 작성된 시놉시스를 드라마프로듀서(PD)에게 제출하거나, 드라마프로듀서로부터 집필의뢰를 받기도한다.
-드라마촬영을 시작하면서 다음회 대본을 작성하거나 여러 상황에 따라 대본을 수정하기도 한다.
[예능작가]
-예능프로그램 기획회의에 참여하여 프로그램 기획안(타이틀, 방송시간, 형식, 방송체널, 희망방송일시, 기획의도, 제작방향, 구성내용, 예상 아이템)을 작성한다.
-자료조사를 바탕으로 아이템을 제안·선정한다.
-취재 및 섭외를 통해 출연자를 확정한다.
-진행자 및 출연자의 몸짓, 말투, 대화방식, 장점 등을 연구하고 시청자의 요구, 프로그램의 특성 등을 고려하여 대본을 작성한다.
-여러 예능작가들과 공동을 하기도 한다.
-담당하는 프로그램에 따라 코미디 프로그램, 시트콤, 토크쇼, 퀴즈쇼, 가요쇼 등의 대본을 전문으로 작성한다.
-프로그램에 따라 방송제작 현장에서 즉흥적으로 대본을 작성하기도 한다.
[다큐작가]
-다큐멘터리 프로그램 기획회의에 참여하여 프로그램 기획안(타이틀, 방송시간, 형식, 방송체널, 희망방송일시, 기획의도, 제작방향, 구성내용, 예상 아이템)을 작성한다.
-자료조사를 바탕으로 아이템을 제안·선정한다.
-취재 및 섭외를 통해 사실관계를 확인하며 어떤 영상을 찍을 수 있고 어떤 상황이 연출될 것인지 구상·확인한다.
-촬영구성안을 작성하여 프로듀서와 카메라감독에게 제시한다.
-촬영구성안을 토대로 촬영이 진행되면, 촬영된 내용을 프리뷰하고 프리뷰노트(촬영된 화면에서 영상과 현장음을 적은 노트)를 작성하며 내용을 검토하고 프로듀서와 카메라감독에게 제작방향을 조언한다.
-프리뷰노트를 기초로 편집구성안(편집콘티)을 작성하여 프로듀서에게 제시한다.
-편집구성안을 토대로 프로듀서가 가편집본을 제작하면 프로듀서와 함께 Final cutting(작가가 편집에 대한 자신의 의견을 개진하고 구성의 틀을 협의하는 일)을 진행한다.
-시사(Chief producer와 함께 프로그램을 보면서 평가하는 과정)와 종합편집(영상에 필요한 효과나 자막, 컴퓨터 그래픽 등을 넣어 방송 가능한 영상으로 마무리하는 작업) 과정을 거쳐 완성된 영상을 보면서 내레이션 원고(Narration, 장면 밖에서 들려오는 목소리. 내레이터가 더빙하도록 커트, 씬, 시간이 표기된 원고)를 작성한다.
The KNOW occupations and KECO codes listed here were linked to this page's occupation by this site; this is not a correspondence defined by the Korea Employment Information Service or the Ministry of Employment and Labor.
Projected change: +2%
Median wage: $60K
lowest $31Kmedian wage across 825 detailed occupations, BLS EP 2025–35highest $559K
