Accountants & Auditors
Business & Financial OperationsAI exposure
- Data source: BLSPublished: '26.08
Very high· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: '26.03
0.348
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
- Data source: ILOPublished: '25
0.51
0.09Range of values carried here0.70Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
ISCO-08 unit group — every occupation sharing the code gets this value
Computed by this site, not published by the ILO: of the 1,012 occupations this site links to the ILO dataset, 17% score at or above this value.
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Task-level exposure
Exposed tasks only| Task | Claude.aiRaw / share % | APIRaw / share % |
|---|---|---|
Analyze business operations, trends, costs, revenues, financial commitments, and obligations to project future revenues and expenses or to provide advice.13-2011 | 0.050055.6 | 0.010020.0 |
Prepare, analyze, or verify annual reports, financial statements, and other records, using accepted accounting and statistical procedures to assess financial condition and facilitate financial planning.13-2011 | 0.020022.2 | 0.010020.0 |
Prepare, examine, or analyze accounting records, financial statements, or other financial reports to assess accuracy, completeness, and conformance to reporting and procedural standards.13-2011 | 0.010011.1 | 0.030060.0 |
Prepare adjusting journal entries.13-2011 | 0.010011.1 | 0.00000.0 |
Report to management about asset utilization and audit results, and recommend changes in operations and financial activities.13-2011 | 0.00000.0 | 0.00000.0 |
Examine and evaluate financial and information systems, recommending controls to ensure system reliability and data integrity.13-2011 | 0.00000.0 | 0.00000.0 |
Establish tables of accounts and assign entries to proper accounts.13-2011 | 0.00000.0 | 0.00000.0 |
Review data about material assets, net worth, liabilities, capital stock, surplus, income, or expenditures.13-2011 | 0.00000.0 | 0.00000.0 |
Prepare detailed reports on audit findings.13-2011 | 0.00000.0 | —0 |
Advise clients in areas such as compensation, employee health care benefits, the design of accounting or data processing systems, or long-range tax or estate plans.13-2011 | 0.00000.0 | —0 |
Develop, maintain, or analyze budgets, preparing periodic reports that compare budgeted costs to actual costs.13-2011 | 0.00000.0 | —0 |
Report to management regarding the finances of establishment. | —0 | 0.00000.0 |
Compute taxes owed and prepare tax returns, ensuring compliance with payment, reporting, or other tax requirements. | —0 | 0.00000.0 |
| Not observed on any surface — 16 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states. | ||
Collect and analyze data to detect deficient controls, duplicated effort, extravagance, fraud, or non-compliance with laws, regulations, and management policies. | —0 | —0 |
Inspect account books and accounting systems for efficiency, effectiveness, and use of accepted accounting procedures to record transactions. | —0 | —0 |
Supervise auditing of establishments, and determine scope of investigation required. | —0 | —0 |
Confer with company officials about financial and regulatory matters. | —0 | —0 |
Inspect cash on hand, notes receivable and payable, negotiable securities, and canceled checks to confirm records are accurate. | —0 | —0 |
Examine records and interview workers to ensure recording of transactions and compliance with laws and regulations. | —0 | —0 |
Review accounts for discrepancies and reconcile differences. | —0 | —0 |
Examine inventory to verify journal and ledger entries. | —0 | —0 |
Develop, implement, modify, and document recordkeeping and accounting systems, making use of current computer technology. | —0 | —0 |
Evaluate taxpayer finances to determine tax liability, using knowledge of interest and discount rates, annuities, valuation of stocks and bonds, and amortization valuation of depletable assets. | —0 | —0 |
Examine whether the organization's objectives are reflected in its management activities, and whether employees understand the objectives. | —0 | —0 |
Audit payroll and personnel records to determine unemployment insurance premiums, workers' compensation coverage, liabilities, and compliance with tax laws. | —0 | —0 |
Review taxpayer accounts, and conduct audits on-site, by correspondence, or by summoning taxpayer to office. | —0 | —0 |
Direct activities of personnel engaged in filing, recording, compiling, and transmitting financial records. | —0 | —0 |
Conduct pre-implementation audits to determine if systems and programs under development will work as planned. | —0 | —0 |
Process invoices for payment. | —0 | —0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Prepare detailed reports on audit findings.O*NET Task ID 21505 | 1.0 |
Prepare adjusting journal entries.O*NET Task ID 21515 | 1.0 |
Establish tables of accounts and assign entries to proper accounts.O*NET Task ID 21517 | 1.0 |
Report to management about asset utilization and audit results, and recommend changes in operations and financial activities.O*NET Task ID 21506 | 0.5 |
Collect and analyze data to detect deficient controls, duplicated effort, extravagance, fraud, or non-compliance with laws, regulations, and management policies.O*NET Task ID 21507 | 0.5 |
Inspect account books and accounting systems for efficiency, effectiveness, and use of accepted accounting procedures to record transactions.O*NET Task ID 21508 | 0.5 |
Supervise auditing of establishments, and determine scope of investigation required.O*NET Task ID 21509 | 0.5 |
Confer with company officials about financial and regulatory matters.O*NET Task ID 21510 | 0.5 |
Examine and evaluate financial and information systems, recommending controls to ensure system reliability and data integrity.O*NET Task ID 21511 | 0.5 |
Inspect cash on hand, notes receivable and payable, negotiable securities, and canceled checks to confirm records are accurate.O*NET Task ID 21512 | 0.5 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
Occupation information
Recent Changes Affecting This Occupation
Apr 2026: NBER survey of 6,000 executives: 69% use AI but 90% report zero employment impact. Executives predict -0.7% employment decline over next 3 years.
[Source: NBER Working Paper 34836]Mar 2026: Karpathy rates accountants 9/10 for AI exposure, among the highest-scoring occupations in his analysis of 342 US jobs.
[Source: Karpathy AI Exposure Score (Fortune)]Mar 2026: While the arXiv study focused primarily on computer/math occupations, accountants (AI exposure 73/100) face similar dynamics: structural changes in AI adoption preceded the ChatGPT era. Workers with AI fluency are better positioned regardless of occupation.
[Source: Frank et al. (2026) arXiv:2601.02554]