Bookkeeping Clerks
Office & Administrative SupportAI exposure
- Data source: BLSPublished: '26.08
Very high· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: '26.03
0.310
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
- Data source: ILOPublished: '25
0.49
0.09Range of values carried here0.70Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
ISCO-08 unit group — every occupation sharing the code gets this value
Computed by this site, not published by the ILO: of the 1,012 occupations this site links to the ILO dataset, 21% score at or above this value.
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Task-level exposure
Exposed tasks only| Task | Claude.aiRaw / share % | APIRaw / share % |
|---|---|---|
Perform financial calculations, such as amounts due, interest charges, balances, discounts, equity, and principal.43-3031 | 0.260081.3 | 0.060016.2 |
Check figures, postings, and documents for correct entry, mathematical accuracy, and proper codes.43-3031 | 0.01003.1 | 0.03008.1 |
Compile statistical, financial, accounting, or auditing reports and tables pertaining to such matters as cash receipts, expenditures, accounts payable and receivable, and profits and losses.43-3031 | 0.01003.1 | 0.01002.7 |
Debit, credit, and total accounts on computer spreadsheets and databases, using specialized accounting software.43-3031 | 0.01003.1 | 0.00000.0 |
Classify, record, and summarize numerical and financial data to compile and keep financial records, using journals and ledgers or computers.43-3031 | 0.01003.1 | 0.00000.0 |
Transfer details from separate journals to general ledgers or data processing sheets.43-3031 | 0.01003.1 | 0.00000.0 |
Calculate costs of materials, overhead, and other expenses, based on estimates, quotations and price lists.43-3031 | 0.01003.1 | 0.00000.0 |
Code documents according to company procedures.43-3031 | 0.00000.0 | 0.220059.5 |
Access computerized financial information to answer general questions as well as those related to specific accounts.43-3031 | 0.00000.0 | 0.050013.5 |
Compile budget data and documents, based on estimated revenues and expenses and previous budgets.43-3031 | 0.00000.0 | 0.00000.0 |
Match order forms with invoices, and record the necessary information.43-3031 | 0.00000.0 | 0.00000.0 |
Calculate, prepare, and issue bills, invoices, account statements, and other financial statements according to established procedures.43-3031 | 0.00000.0 | —0 |
Maintain inventory records.43-3031 | 0.00000.0 | —0 |
Reconcile or note and report discrepancies found in records. | —0 | 0.00000.0 |
Reconcile records of bank transactions. | —0 | 0.00000.0 |
Monitor status of loans and accounts to ensure that payments are up to date. | —0 | 0.00000.0 |
| Not observed on any surface — 12 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states. | ||
Operate computers programmed with accounting software to record, store, and analyze information. | —0 | —0 |
Comply with federal, state, and company policies, procedures, and regulations. | —0 | —0 |
Operate 10-key calculators, typewriters, and copy machines to perform calculations and produce documents. | —0 | —0 |
Perform general office duties, such as filing, answering telephones, and handling routine correspondence. | —0 | —0 |
Receive, record, and bank cash, checks, and vouchers. | —0 | —0 |
Prepare bank deposits by compiling data from cashiers, verifying and balancing receipts, and sending cash, checks, or other forms of payment to banks. | —0 | —0 |
Calculate and prepare checks for utilities, taxes, and other payments. | —0 | —0 |
Compare computer printouts to manually maintained journals to determine if they match. | —0 | —0 |
Prepare trial balances of books. | —0 | —0 |
Complete and submit tax forms and returns, workers' compensation forms, pension contribution forms, and other government documents. | —0 | —0 |
Prepare purchase orders and expense reports. | —0 | —0 |
Prepare and process payroll information. | —0 | —0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Check figures, postings, and documents for correct entry, mathematical accuracy, and proper codes.O*NET Task ID 2486 | 1.0 |
Operate computers programmed with accounting software to record, store, and analyze information.O*NET Task ID 2487 | 1.0 |
Debit, credit, and total accounts on computer spreadsheets and databases, using specialized accounting software.O*NET Task ID 2489 | 1.0 |
Classify, record, and summarize numerical and financial data to compile and keep financial records, using journals and ledgers or computers.O*NET Task ID 2490 | 1.0 |
Code documents according to company procedures.O*NET Task ID 2493 | 1.0 |
Operate 10-key calculators, typewriters, and copy machines to perform calculations and produce documents.O*NET Task ID 2495 | 1.0 |
Perform financial calculations, such as amounts due, interest charges, balances, discounts, equity, and principal.O*NET Task ID 2497 | 1.0 |
Perform general office duties, such as filing, answering telephones, and handling routine correspondence.O*NET Task ID 2498 | 1.0 |
Calculate and prepare checks for utilities, taxes, and other payments.O*NET Task ID 2501 | 1.0 |
Compare computer printouts to manually maintained journals to determine if they match.O*NET Task ID 2502 | 1.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
Occupation information
Recent Changes Affecting This Occupation
Apr 2026: Bookkeeping clerks classified in office/administrative high-risk segment by OpenAI framework — repetitive structured ledger and reconciliation work.
[Source: OpenAI Jobs Transition Framework, April 2026]Mar 2026: Brookings retraining analysis: workers displaced by AI from clerical roles face challenging transitions. TAA participants remained underemployed even 4 years after job loss.
[Source: Brookings Institution]Mar 2026: AI Layoff Trap research highlights bookkeeping as especially vulnerable to over-automation due to highly structured task composition in competitive markets.
[Source: Falk & Tsoukalas (2026), The AI Layoff Trap]