Writers & Authors
Arts, Design, Entertainment & MediaAI exposure
- Data source: BLSPublished: '26.08
Very high· relative
LowFour relative bandsVery highGroup-level value
Scale, basis and source
Four relative bands (Low / Moderate / High / Very high)
831 detailed occupations in the BLS Employment Projections table. Assigned per National Employment Matrix (NEM) code, so occupations sharing a NEM code carry the same band
- Data source: AnthropicPublished: '26.03
0.246
0.000Range of values carried here0.745Scale, basis and source
- Data source: ILOPublished: '25
0.55
0.09Range of values carried here0.70Group-level value
Scale, basis and source
Generative AI exposure index, 0–1 as published
ISCO-08 unit group — every occupation sharing the code gets this value
Computed by this site, not published by the ILO: of the 1,012 occupations this site links to the ILO dataset, 12% score at or above this value.
What kind of figure this source publishes
The BLS category is a relative rank, not an absolute level, and it is not a first-hand measurement: it groups an occupation's percentile ranks across several published studies into four bands. It is not an employment or wage forecast, not a probability of adoption, and it does not separate automation from augmentation.
Task-level exposure
Exposed tasks only| Task | Claude.aiRaw / share % | APIRaw / share % |
|---|---|---|
Edit or rewrite existing written material as necessary, and submit written material for approval by supervisor, editor, or publisher.27-3043.00 | 0.940018.6 | 1.320039.9 |
Revise written material to meet personal standards and to satisfy needs of clients, publishers, directors, or producers.27-3043.05 | 0.740014.7 | 0.08002.4 |
Revise written material to meet personal standards and to satisfy needs of clients, publishers, directors, or producers.27-3043.00 | 0.740014.7 | 0.08002.4 |
Develop factors such as themes, plots, characterizations, psychological analyses, historical environments, action, and dialogue to create material.27-3043.05 | 0.49009.7 | 0.520015.7 |
Write fiction or nonfiction prose, such as short stories, novels, biographies, articles, descriptive or critical analyses, and essays.27-3043.05 | 0.45008.9 | 0.24007.3 |
Write fiction or nonfiction prose, such as short stories, novels, biographies, articles, descriptive or critical analyses, and essays.27-3043.00 | 0.45008.9 | 0.24007.3 |
Vary language and tone of messages based on product and medium.27-3043.00 | 0.20004.0 | 0.10003.0 |
Write articles, bulletins, sales letters, speeches, and other related informative, marketing and promotional material.27-3043.00 | 0.17003.4 | 0.18005.4 |
Choose subject matter and suitable form to express personal feelings and experiences or ideas, or to narrate stories or events.27-3043.05 | 0.17003.4 | 0.14004.2 |
Plan project arrangements or outlines, and organize material accordingly.27-3043.05 | 0.15003.0 | 0.04001.2 |
Confer with clients, editors, publishers, or producers to discuss changes or revisions to written material.27-3043.05 | 0.00000.0 | 0.00000.0 |
Discuss with the client the product, advertising themes and methods, and any changes that should be made in advertising copy.27-3043.00 | 0.00000.0 | 0.00000.0 |
Develop advertising campaigns for a wide range of clients, working with an advertising agency's creative director and art director to determine the best way to present advertising information.27-3043.00 | 0.00000.0 | 0.00000.0 |
Work with staff to develop script, story, or advertising concepts.27-3043.00 | 0.00000.0 | 0.00000.0 |
Prepare works in appropriate format for publication, and send them to publishers or producers.27-3043.05 | 0.00000.0 | —0 |
Conduct research to obtain factual information and authentic detail, using sources such as newspaper accounts, diaries, and interviews.27-3043.05 | 0.00000.0 | —0 |
Collaborate with other writers on specific projects.27-3043.05 | 0.00000.0 | —0 |
Collaborate with other writers on specific projects.27-3043.00 | 0.00000.0 | —0 |
Conduct research to obtain factual information and authentic detail, using sources such as newspaper accounts, diaries, and interviews.27-3043.00 | 0.00000.0 | —0 |
Prepare works in appropriate format for publication, and send them to publishers or producers.27-3043.00 | 0.00000.0 | —0 |
Review advertising trends, consumer surveys, and other data regarding marketing of goods and services to determine the best way to promote products. | —0 | 0.00000.0 |
| Not observed on any surface — 6 task(s) — These tasks have no row in the source for this release. The 0 in the share row is a display-stage composition ratio; absence is what the — in the raw row states. | ||
Conduct research and interviews to determine which of a product's selling features should be promoted. | —0 | —0 |
Consult with sales, media and marketing representatives to obtain information on product or service and discuss style and length of advertising written material. | —0 | —0 |
Follow appropriate procedures to get copyrights for completed work. | —0 | —0 |
Attend book launches and publicity events, or conduct public readings. | —0 | —0 |
Adapt text to accommodate musical requirements of composers and singers. | —0 | —0 |
Teach writing classes. | —0 | —0 |
Values in this tab are predicted labels, not observations. Eloundou et al. (2023) published two rating regimes — human raters and GPT-4 — and the β shown here is derived from the GPT-4 rater basis alone; the same task can take a different value under the other regime. The unit and the meaning differ from the observed shares (%) in the other tabs, so do not place them on the same axis.
| Task | βE1 + 0.5 × E2 |
|---|---|
Discuss with the client the product, advertising themes and methods, and any changes that should be made in advertising copy.O*NET Task ID 22653 | 1.0 |
Present drafts and ideas to clients.O*NET Task ID 22654 | 1.0 |
Vary language and tone of messages based on product and medium.O*NET Task ID 22655 | 1.0 |
Write articles, bulletins, sales letters, speeches, and other related informative, marketing and promotional material.O*NET Task ID 22657 | 1.0 |
Invent names for products and write the slogans that appear on packaging, brochures and other promotional material.O*NET Task ID 22659 | 1.0 |
Collaborate with other writers on specific projects.O*NET Task ID 22661 | 1.0 |
Edit or rewrite existing written material as necessary, and submit written material for approval by supervisor, editor, or publisher.O*NET Task ID 22664 | 1.0 |
Follow appropriate procedures to get copyrights for completed work.O*NET Task ID 22665 | 1.0 |
Plan project arrangements or outlines, and organize material accordingly.O*NET Task ID 22666 | 1.0 |
Prepare works in appropriate format for publication, and send them to publishers or producers.O*NET Task ID 22667 | 1.0 |
β = E1 + 0.5 × E2 · E1 = tasks where direct LLM access alone cuts time by at least 50%, E2 = tasks where software built on top of an LLM cuts time by at least 50%. Values take only 0 / 0.5 / 1.0.
Data sources & licenses — O*NET®, Anthropic Economic Index, Eloundou et al. (2023): see full notices on the Credits page
Occupation information
Recent Changes Affecting This Occupation
Mar 2026: Research shows a 1:33 AI-to-labor substitution ratio in corporate spending, with content-heavy outsourcing most affected.
[Source: Stevens (2026) arXiv]Mar 2026: Brookings study reveals AI-exposed freelance writers face earnings decline, but long-form journalism, specialist writing, and narrative nonfiction remain harder for AI to replicate convincingly.
[Source: Brookings Institution (Hui & Reshef, 2025)]Mar 2026: Published evergreen blog post analyzing AI impact on writers and authors (68% exposure, 60% risk, mixed mode)
[Source: AI Changing Work Blog]